y SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS An Alphabetical List of Words in Common Use, Grouped with Others of Similar and Opposite Meaning BY EDITH B. ORDWAY Author of "Tht Etiqutttt of To-Day" "Handbook of Quotation*," Eto. NEW YORK GEORGE SULLY AND COMPANY Copyright, 1913 BT SULLY AND KLEINTEIC^ All rights reserved IN U. S. A. PREFACE THE aim in compiling this book has been to make the list of words in common use concise yet full, and authoritative yet suggestive. Above five thousand leading words are given, and the synonyms and antonyms comprise several thousand more different words. Actual references may be multiplied by looking up a synonym or antonym, as well as by consulting cognate words, such as the corresponding noun, verb, or adjective. In some cases common words have been omitted, because they were composed of a root word and a prefix, intensive or privative. Their synonyms and antonyms may be found under the root word. Occasionally within the lists words closely synonymous or antonymic have been grouped within semicolons. The part of speech of a word is designated by an abbrevi- ation in such cases as are necessary to save confusion. Synonyms appear immediately after the leading word ; an- tonyms, after the abbreviation "Ant." This order is invariable. In the effort to make this list authoritative, the standard dictionaries and the acknowledged authorities on the sub- ject have been consulted. «. B. o. [v ] 2502621 ABBREVIATIONS a. Adjective. ad. Adverb. Ant. Antonym or Antonyms. conj. Conjunction. interj. Interjection. n. Noun. p.p. Past Participle. prep. Preposition. 8yn. Synonym or Synonyms. v. Verb. I Til 1 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Abandon. Desert, leave, for- sake, depart from, quit, give up, relinquish, discontinue, ab- dicate, renounce, repudiate, for- swear, withdraw from, vacate, surrender, retract, recant, re- tire from, cast off, abjure, cede, cease, resign, forego, yield, waive, part with, let go, lay down, evacuate, drop, deliver up. ANT. Claim, cherish, defend, keep, hold, maintain, protect, adopt, uphold, advocate, vindi- cate, occupy, undertake, prose- cute, pursue, follow, seek, guard, favor, retain, support, assert, haunt. Abandoned. Discarded, re- jected and the p.p. of the syn. of "abandon" ; depraved, corrupt, profligate, wicked, unprincipled, shameless, sinful, hardened, im- penitent, lost, demoralized, vicious, dissolute, reprobate, graceless, obdurate, licentious, incorrigible, irreclaimable, bad. ANT. The p.p. of the ant. of "abandon"; visited, frequented, sociable; virtuous, good, de- serving, worthy, commendable, excellent, laudable; reclaim- able, penitent; conscientiou-s, correct, upright, righteous, self- controlled, high-principled, steady. Abandonment. Desertion, re- nunciation, surrender, rejection, abandoning, relinquishment, dereliction; cession, resigna- tion, abnegation, demission, ab- juration, abdication, defection, abrogation. ANT. Solicitude, care, heed, watchfulness, vigilance; hospi- tality, entertainment, convivial- ity, welcome, reception; reten- tion, completion, reclamation, support, help, correction, cus- tody, tenacity. Abase. Degrade, reduce, lower, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, humble, sink, humiliate, bring low, cast down, stoop, debase, depress, drop, take down, demean. ANT. Elevate, exalt, honor, promote, raise, dignify, uplift, aggrandise. Abasement. Degradation, hu- miliation, dishonor, degeneracy, shame, depression, reduction, lowering, fall, deterioration, de- basement, degeneration, vitia- tion, perversion, depravation, abjection, disrepute, discredit, subserviency. ANT. Promotion, exaltation, honor, elevation, aggrandize- ment, dignity, repute, reputa- tion, standing, supremacy. Abash. Bewilder, confound, dis- concert, discompose, confuse, daunt, humble, dishearten, mor- tify, shame, humiliate, snub, discountenance. 1 1 aba] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tabe ANT. Embolden, cheer, en- courage, animate, uphold, rally, countenance, inspirit, abet, in- cite, buoy. Abate. Lessen, lower, reduce, diminish, moderate, decrease, decline, ebb, mitigate, subside, suppress, terminate, remove; temper, assuage, alleviate, ap- pease, pacify ; remit, allow ; re- lax, slacken; bate, deduct; soothe, soften, qualify, allay, mollify, compose, tranquil ize, quiet, quell, calm, dull, blunt; batter down, beat down, demol- ish, raze. ANT. Increase, prolong, mag- nify, foment, enlarge, extend, aggravate, continue, develop, re- vive, raise, enhance, amplify. Abatement. Subsidence, decline, lowering, reduction, decrease ; allowance, discount, rebate, de- preciation, drawback; modera- tion, lessening, mitigation, as- suagement, remission, sinking, settling, waning, fading, ebb, evanishment, declension, deduc- tion, diminution. ANT. Increase, augmenta- tion, enlargement, increment, accretion, development, growth, aggrandizement, dilation, acces- sion. Abbreviate. Shorten, contract, curtail, reduce, abridge, con- dense, epitomize, compress. ANT. Lengthen, extend,, elon- gate, dilate, expand, amplify, enlarge, produce, stretch, pro- long, expatiate. Abbreviation. Abridgment, contraction, condensation, com- pend, abstract, epitome, reduc- tion, summaiy, curtailment, compression. ANT. Expansion, amplifica- tion, expatiation, extension, pro- duction, enlargement, dilation. Abdicate. Resign, relinquish of- fice (especially of the throne), surrender, abandon, vacate, forego, renounce, give up, cede. ANT. Retain, claim, ocoupy, maintain, usurp, seize, grasp. Abdomen. Belly, paunch, ven- tral region, visceral cavity. Abduct. Take away (surrepti- tiously or forcibly ) , kidnap, run away with, carry off, spirit away, drag away. ANT. Restore, reinstate, adduct. Abduction. Withdrawal, draw- ing away, abstraction, kidnap- ping, seizure, appropriation. ANT. Adduction, replace- ment, restitution, restoration, surrender, reinstatement. Aberrant. Wandering, ram- bling, divergent, deviating, de- vious, erratic ; irregular, abnor- mal, unusual, exceptional. ANT. Regular, true, consis- tent, uniform, consecutive, nor- mal, natural, continuous. Aberration. Wandering, diver- gence, irregularity, rambling, disconnectedness, hallucination, illusion, delusion, eccentricity, singularity, peculiarity. ANT. Uniformity, consecu- tiveness, regularity, progres- sion, continuity, order, type, norm. Abet. Aid, assist, promote, sup- port, sanction, uphold, counte- nance, encourage, advocate, in- cite, instigate, embolden, favor, foment, connive at, cooperate with. ANT. Hinder, impede, ob- struct, frustrate, baffle, con- found, counteract, deter, dis- courage, thwart, contradict, dis- concert, disapprove, denounce, dissuade, expose. Abettor. Assistant, helper, aid, ally, cooperator, advocate, con- federate, accomplice, accessory, Abe] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [abl adviser, promoter, instigator, associate, coadjutor. ANT. Opponent, foe, adver- sary, antagonist, rival, dissua- der, detector, baffler, discon- certer. Abeyance. Suspense, suspen- sion, expectancy, waiting, an- ticipation, dormancy, intermis- sion, quiescence, suppression, expectation. ANT. Renewal, revival, re- suscitation, action, operation, exercise, force, possession. Abhor. Hate, detest, loathe, shrink from, recoil from, shud- der at, abominate, despise, dis- like, eschew, nauseate, revolt at. ANT. Crave, desire, enjoy, covet, esteem, like, love, relish, admire, approve, affect. Abhorrent. Odious, offensive, shocking, repugnant, loath- some, revolting, horrible, repel- lent, repulsive, nauseating. ANT. Admirable, enjoyable, lovely, estimable, desirable. Abide. Wait for, await, attend ; endure, tolerate, bear, suffer; anticipate, watch for, expect; bide, continue, reside, dwell, so- journ, tarry, lodge, rest, stay, inhabit, remain. ANT. Abandon, shun; resist, reject, avoid; deport, migrate, move, journey, continue, pro- ceed, progress. Abiding. Lasting, continuing, permanent, durable, constant, stable, immutable, changeless, unchanging. ANT. Ephemeral, fickle, changeable, unsubstantial, per- ishable. Ability. Power, force, might, efficiency, vigor, skill, energy, dexterity, adroitness, skilful- ness, cleverness, ingenuity, tal- ent, aptitude, facility, knack, expertness, readiness, quick- ness, strength, capacity, quali- fication, competency, genius, ca- liber, capability, capableness, faculty, gift, parts. ANT. Incapacity, weakness, inability, unreadiness, mala- droitness, imbecility, impotence, disability, inaptitude, ineffi- ciency, incompetence, disquali- fication, helplessness, stupidity, folly. Abject. Base, vile, mean, low, despicable, contemptible, worth- less, groveling, fawning, beg- garly, servile, cringing, miser- able, degraded, menial, ignoble. ANT. Dignified, honorable, ex- alted, worthy, venerable, illus- trious, independent, princely, self-assertive, self-reliant, vain, arrogant, insolent, haughty. Abjure. Renounce, relinquish, reject, forswear, forego, repudi- ate, disown, give up, retract, re- voke, recant, disavow, disclaim, withdraw, take back, deny, apostatize, discard. ANT. Claim, advocate, ac- knowledge, profess, vindicate, assert, demand, retain, appro- priate, avow. Able. Accomplished, adroit, tal- ented, clever, ingenious, apt, skilful, efficient, capable, fitted, learned, gifted, masterly, tell- ing, vigorous, strong, proficient, competent, versed, practical, en- dowed, powerful, mighty. ANT. Incapable, ineffective, unqualified, stupid, inept, weak, inefficient, unskilful, silly, in- competent. Ablution. Washing, bathing, cleansing, lavation, purifica- tion, baptism. ANT. Pollution, defilement, dirt, soilure, contamination, taint, stain, abomination, im- purity. [ 3 ] abn] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [abo Abnegation. Denial, abjuration, renunciation, rejection, surren- der, abandonment, disallow- ance, abstinence. ANT. Assertion, vindication, license, claim, indulgence, con- cession; affirmation, allegation, statement, declaration, word, averment, deposition; proposal, proffer. Abnormal. Singular, unnatural, unusual, irregular, peculiar, ex- ceptional, aberrant, erratic, monstrous, preternatural. ANT. Normal, regular, usual, natural, typical, customary, or- dinary, common. Aboard. On board, on the ship, afloat, inside, within. ANT. Ashore, aground. Abode. Home, house, place, resi- dence, domicile, habitation, dwelling, lodging, quarters, seat. ANT. Halt, tent, "bivouac, perch. Abolish. Abrogate, annul, de- stroy, repeal, revoke, suppress, terminate, rescind, cancel, nul- lify, suppress, overthrow, ex- tirpate, remove, prohibit, set aside, end, stamp out. ANT. Establish, support, sus- tain, cherish, confirm, continue, restore, revive, reinstate, insti- tute, promote, legalize. Abominable. Hateful, horrible, loathsome, abhorrent, foul, odi- ous, offensive, detestable, im- pure, execrable. ANT. Desirable, admirable, enjoyable, pleasing, pure, delec- table. Abomination. Offense, horror, shame, wickedness, abhorrence, aversion, disgust, curse, pollu- tion, iniquity, defilement, cor- ruption, nuisance, annoyance. ANT. Acquisition, enjoyment, gratification, blessing, desire, longing, delight, benefit, pleas- ure, satisfaction. Aboriginal. Primitive, prime- val, primary, pristine, native, original, indigenous, autoch- thonous. ANT. Subsequent, imported, exotic, recent, modern, late, novel, fresh, immigrant, adven- titious. Abortion. Failure, miscarriage, disappointment, non-success, vain effort, defect, frustration, blunder. ANT. Success, consummation, completion, realization, perfec- tion, achievement, development, exploit, feat. Abound. Team, swarm, multi- ply, swell, increase, flow, luxu- riate, flourish, prevail, wanton, revel, exuberate. ANT. Waste, lack, wane, van- ish, lessen, decrease, die, decay, fall. About. Concerning, regarding, touching, relative to, with ref- erence to, in regard to; near, surrounding, around; almost, nearly, well-nigh; ready, on the point of, on the eve of ; around, hind part before. ANT. Afar, distant, remote; precisely, exactly. Above. Overhead, aloft, on high ; before, previously; higher, hav- ing precedence; over, exceed- ing, beyond, superior, exces- sive. ANT. Below, beneath, within; later, subsequently; lower; less, diminished. Aboveboard. Openly, candidly, frankly, sincerely, fairly, in- genuously, unreservedly, guile- lessly. ANT. Secretly, elusively, un- derhand, deceitfully, wiliJy. Above-named. Named before, aforesaid, above-mentioned, abr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [abs above-cited, above-described, mentioned above. ANT. Named below, described below, hereinafter named. Abrasion. Rubbing, friction, wearing away or off, disinte- gration, attrition. ANT. Accretion, augmenta- tion, increment; supplement, reinforcement. Abreast. Alongside, side by side, aligned; against, off, op- posite to. ANT. Ahead, astern; behind. Abridge. Abbreviate, shorten, condense, diminish, reduce, con- tract, cut down, deprive of, di- vest of, epitomize, compress. ANT. Amplify, expand, spread out, extend, dilate. Abridgment. Summary, synop- sis, compend, analysis, abstract, abbreviation, epitome, outline, compendium, digest. ANT. Amplification, expati- ation, exposition, annotation, paraphrase, expansion, com- ment. Abroad. Far away, distant, apart, dispersed, aloof, adrift; dis- tracted, confused, dazed, con- founded; forth, out of doors. ANT. Near, close, collected, fast, housed; composed, poised, self-contained; loithin. Abrogate. Abolish, cancel, set aside, annul, make void, over- rule, invalidate, nullify, re- peal. ANT. Enact, confirm, enforce, establish, continue, revive. Abrogation. Repeal, rescind- ing, annulment, abolition, rev- ocation, voidance, cancelation, setting aside ; discontinuance, disestablishment. ANT. Enactment, institu- tion, establishment; sanction, continuance, confirmation. Abrupt. Sudden, unexpected, hasty, ill-timed, precipitate; steep, precipitous, craggy, rough, rugged, jngged; short, blunt, curt, unceremonious ; stiff, cramped, harsh, discon- nected. ANT. Easy, gliding; pol- ished, smooth, undulating; ex- pected, courteous, elegant, com- plaisant, suave. Abscond. Depart, steal away, decamp, bolt, disappear, run off, hide, withdraw, retreat, es- cape, elope, slink or sneak off, absent one's self. ANT. Show, appear, emerge, issue, present one's self. Absence. Non-attendance, non- appearance, non-existence, ab- senteeism ; inattention, ab- straction, preoccupation, mus- ing; want, lack, privation, de- fect, deficiency. ANT. Presence, existence, manifestation, evidence, sup- ply; attention, consideration; immanence, inherency. Absent. Away, gone; ab- stracted, preoccupied, inatten- tive, dreaming. ANT. Present, here; atten- tive, alert. Absolute. Perfect, complete, su- preme, autocratic, authorita- tive, commanding, independent, unrestricted, unqualified, un- limited, unconditioned, self- existent, self-determined, ideal; despotic, arbitrary, exacting, domineering, tyrannical, impe- rious, dictatorial, irresponsi- ble; positive, actual, real, veri- table, genuine, certain, categori- cal, unquestionable. ANT. Related, responsible, conditioned, limited, qualified, restricted, accountable; ductile, humble, lenient, meek, mild, yielding, compliant, complai- sant; dubious, contingent, de- abs] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ab« fective, deficient, wanting, lack- ing, mutilated, incomplete, Absolution. Acquittal, remis- sion, release, deliverance, for- giveness, pardon, shriving, shrift; indulgence, justification. ANT. Charge, accusation, con- demnation, censure, conviction; penance, purgation, fasting, flagellation. Absolve. Acquit, clear, exoner- ate, forgive, free, liberate, re- lease, pardon, set free, dis- charge, exempt, exculpate. ANT. Accuse, condemn, con- vict, impeach, charge, compel; obligate, oblige, bind. Absorb. Take in, consume, im- bibe, swallow, suck up, ex- haust; engross, engage, im- merse, occupy, arrest, rivet (of attention). ANT. Give up, disgorge, send out, radiate, throw off, eject; dissipate, distract, disperse. Absorption. Absorbing, imbib- ing, assimilation, destruction, consumption, exhaustion ; en- grossment, engagement, occu- pation, immersion. ANT. Ejection, rejection, ex- pulsion, discharge; inadver- tency, inattention, oversight, disregard. Abstain. Refrain, resist, for- bear, desist, deny one's self, avoid, cease, stop, withhold, give up, relinquish. ANT. Indulge, wanton, revel, yield to, gratify. Abstemious. Abstinent, sober, moderate, temperate, sparing, frugal, self-denying, continent. ANT. Sensual, self-indulgent, intemperate, greedy. Absterge. Wipe off, purge, cleanse, purify, scrub, sponge, scour. ANT. Soil, pollute, begrime, contaminate, bespatter, bedaub. Abstersive. Cleansing, purging, purifying, scouring; detergent, cathartic. ANT. Corruptive, cont ami- native, offensive. Abstinence. Temperance, abste- miousness, self-control, self- restraint, self-denial, sobriety, fasting, continence, moderation, frugality. ANT. Excess, intoxication, self-indulgence, sensuality, wantonness, intemperance, greed, gluttony, revelry, dissi- pation. Abstinent. Abstaining, fasting; abstemious, sober, temperate, self-restraining, self-denying, continent, austere. ANT. Sensual, self-indulgent, intemperate, epicurean, dissi- pated, incontinent, debauched. Abstract, n. Epitome, summary, abridgment, compend, synopsis, syllabus, outline, digest, brief, compendium, gist, drift, con- tents. ANT. Amplification, disqui- sition, exposition, eatpansion, ex- patiation. Abstract, v. Appropriate, with- draw, remove, separate, take away, detach, purloin, part, eliminate, distract, discrimi- nate, abridge. ANT. A dd, complete, increase, restore, unite, conjoin, fill up, strengthen, combine. Abstracted. Separated, with- drawn, removed ; subtle, refined, abstruse; inattentive, preoccu* pied, dreaming, absent-minded, oblivious, thoughtless, negli- gent, indifferent, heedless, ab- sorbed, absent. ANT. Intelligible, lucid, trans- parent; attentive, intent, ob- servant, alert, prompt, ready, thoughtful, wide-awake. Abstraction. Disconnection, di* £ 6 abs] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ac* junction, removal, isolation, separation; preoccupation, rev- ery, inattention, absorption, ab- sence; taking, abduction, seiz- ure, stealing, appropriation, purloining; classification, gen- eralization. ANT. Addition, conjunction, union, restitution, importation, restoration; enumeration, anal- ysis; attention, specification, observation, individkialization. Abstruse. Hidden, difficult, rec- ondite, profound, deep, curi- ous, occult, dark, obscure, mys- tical, hard, . vague, indefinite, mysterious, abstract, tran- scendental. ANT. Patent, simple, obvi- ous, trite, intelligible, manifest, lucid, clear, easy, plain, popu- lar, superficial. Absurd. Ludicrous, monstrous, nonsensical, preposterous, sense- less, ridiculous, foolish, irra- tional, wild, unreasonable. ANT. Sensible, rational, rea- sonable, logical, wise, sagacious, sound, substantial, philosophi- cal, reflective, consistent, true. Absurdity. Unreasonableness, irrationality, foolishness, folly, fatuity, idiocy, extravagance, drivel. ANT. Reason, possibility; truism, axiom, maxim, adage. Abundance. Profusion, wealth, affluence; flow, flood, overflow; copiousness, fertility, richness, largeness, store, plenty, exuber- ance, plenteousness. ANT. Scarcity, deficiency, rarity, scantiness, dearth, fail- ure, poverty. Abundant. Abounding, flowing, plentiful, liberal, bountiful, suf- ficient, lavish, plenteous, much, copious, replete, full, teeming. ANT. Rare, scarce, scant, de- ficient, insufficient, short, nig- gardly, sparing, impoverished, dry, drained. Abuse, n. Misuse, dishonor, mal- treatment, outrage, reviling, ob- loquy, defamation, insult, dis- paragement, reproach, ill usage. ANT. Kindness, praise, def- erence, respect, honor, good treatment, good usage. Abuse, v. Harm, ill-treat, ill-use, injure, wrong, maltreat, op- press, molest, malign, impose on, ruin, victimize, slander, vio- late, ravish, defile, disparage, damage, defame, misuse. ANT. Cherish, protect, re- gard, shield, respect, care for, tend, benefit; laud, favor, ap- plaud, extol, eulogize, praise; uphold, sustain, vindicate, con- serve. Abusive. Insulting, rude, de- nunciatory, reproachful, injuri- ous, offensive, reviling, inso- lent, scurrilous, opprobrious. ANT. Respectful, attentive, laudatory, kind, flattering, courteous, complimentary, ob- sequious. Abut. Be adjacent, extend, im- pinge, project, approximate, be contiguous, adjoin ; end, border. ANT. Diverge, recede, re- turn, retreat, recurve. Abutment. Terminal support, buttress. Abuttal. Adjacency, contiguity, nearness, juxtaposition; boun- dary, terminus, limit, termina- tion. ANT. Interval, separation, gap, chasm, interspace, fissure, breach. Abyss. Gulf, gorge, deep, chasm, profound, abysm; the pit. ANT. Surface, abutment, ad- hesion, contact, contiguity; heaven. Academical. Scholastic, learned, literary, collegiate, classical. aca] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ace ANT. Illiterate, ignorant, unschooled. Academy. School, seminary, in- stitute, college, gymnasium, high school; scientific body, association of artists. Accede. Consent, assent, acqui- esce, comply, agree, accept, con- cur, approve, coincide. ANT. Decline, unthdraw, re- fuse, demur, protest, dissent, reject. Accelerate. Hasten, quicken, speed, precipitate, despatch, ex- pedite, hurry, urge, push for- ward, press on; forward, ad- vance, further. ANT. Delay, impede, clog, hinder, retard, drag, obstruct. Accent, n. Stress, beat, emphasis, rhythm, pulsation, intonation, cadence, tone, modulation, ictus. ANT. Monotony, equable- ness, babble, floiv, smoothness. Accentuate, Accent, v. Lay stress upon, put the ictus on ; emphasize, mark, make promi- nent. ANT. Make light of, make insignificant, underestimate', ig- nore. Accept. Take, receive; admit, agree to, approve, acknowledge, avow; estimate, regard, value, construe. ANT. Refuse, decline, reject, ignore, disown, repudiate. Acceptable. Welcome, pleasing, grateful, gratifying, pleasant, agreeable, pleasurable, season- able, desirable, expedient. ANT. Unpleasant, disagree- able, annoying, grievous, un- grateful, unwelcome. Acceptance. Reception, taking; acknowledgment, approbation, approval, satisfaction, gratifi- cation. ANT. Rejection, refusal, re- pudiation, exclusion. Acceptation. Meaning, signifi- cance, sense, import, interpre- tation, construction, under- standing; approval, adoption, acceptance. Access. Entrance, approach, passage, avenue, entry; admis- sion, admittance, audience, in- terview; addition, increase, gain; accession; attack, onset, fit, paroxysm. ANT. Exit, egress, depart- ure; exclusion; repulse, recoil; retirement, retreat ; quiescence, inertia, languor, torpor. Accessary, see Accessory. Accessible. Easy of access, ap- proachable, affable, conversible. ANT. Distant, cold, unap- proachable, difficult. Accession. Addition, increase, enlargement, extension, aug- mentation; arrival, influx; at- tainment (of power). ANT. Abandonment, de- crease, ebb, drain, subsidence, departure, resignation, diminu- tion.' Accessory, n. Confederate, as- sistant, helper, associate, ac- complice; detail, accompani- ment, subordinate element; companion, partner. ANT. Foe, rival, adversary, antagonist, opponent, enemy; principal, instigator. Accessory, a. Assisting, aiding, abetting, helping, acceding, ad- ditional ; supplemental, subser- vient, subsidiary, subordinate, conducive ; accompanying, con- tributory, auxiliary. ANT. Essential, inherent; superfluous, irrelevant. Accident. Chance, disaster, hap- pening, hazard, incident, mis- fortune, calamity, adventure, casualty, mishap, possibility. ANT. Certainty, provision, plan, intention, appointment, t 8 ] ace] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ace calculation, law, necessity, pur- pose, preparation. Accidental. Casual, unintended, fortuitous, chance ; incidental, immaterial, non-essential; oc- casional, contingent, adventi- tious. ANT. Intended, purposed, prepared, appointed, certain. Acclamation. Applause, cheer, outcry, homage, gratulation, salutation. ANT. Censure, execration, denunciation, obloquy, sibila- tion. Acclivity. Rise, incline, ascent, steep, hill, height. ANT. Decline, declivity, hol- loic, descent, depth. Accommodate. Oblige, serve, fur- nish, supply, contain, hold, con- venience; adapt, reconcile, ad- just, harmonize, suit, conform, arrange. ANT. Deprive, aggravate, in- convenience, disturb, disoblige; misfit, incommode. Accommodating. Kind, oblig- ing, considerate, unselfish, po- lite, yielding, conciliatory. ANT. Rude, churlish, dis- obliging, inconsiderate, exact- ing. Accompany. Follow, attend, consort with, go with, escort, convoy. ANT. Abandon, leave, quit, avoid, discard, desert. Accomplice. Confederate, ac- cessory, abettor, associate, ally, aid, assistant, promoter, coad- jutor. ANT. Rival, enemy, foe, ad- versary. Accomplish. Complete, finish, achieve, effect, perform, carry out, attain, realize, consum- mate, execute, perfect, fulfil, do; equip, furnish. ANT. Fail, mar, spoil, frus- trate, defeat, disconcert, de- stroy. Accomplished. Educated, ex- perienced, practiced, finished, versed, consummate, adroit, ex- pert, apt, skilful, talented, fine, qualified, proficient, polite, ele- gant; completed, effected, estab- lished. ANT. Unskilled, unfettered, ignorant, unpolished, uncouth, inefficient, incapable, inexpert, incompetent. Accomplishment. Execution, achievement, performance, com- pletion; acquirement, attain- ment, proficiency, ornament, grace. ANT. Failure, blunder, folly, stupidity, incompetency, mis- management, bungling. Accord. Agree, correspond, har- monize; grant, concede, give, yield, deign, vouchsafe, consent, answer. ANT. Differ, disagree; with- hold, deny, refuse. Accordant. Agreeable, suitable, consonant, harmonious, congru- ous, agreeing, corresponding, conformable. ANT. Adverse, inconsistent, discordant. Accordingly. Suitably, conform- ably, agreeably ; consequently, therefore, hence, wherefore. ANT. Conversely, inconsis- tently, impertinently. Accost. Approach, address, sa- lute, greet, confront, speak to. ANT. Depart, rebuff, check, repulse, shun, elude, pass, ig- nore. Account, n. Record, register, in- ventory ; bill, charge ; count, calculation, enumeration; state- ment, description, narration, re- lation, narrative, recital, chron- icle, history; explanation, expo- ace] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ach sition ; consideration, regard, motive, reason ; importance, worth, dignity, profit, advan- tage, benefit. ANT. Suppression, silence; attempt, project; misannounce- ment. Account, v. Esteem, regard, deem, judge, think, hold, be- lieve, consider, view; estimate, reckon, rate ; explain, solve. ANT. Underrate, undervalue; disesteem, misestimate; mys- tify, perplex, darken. Accountable. Responsible, pun- ishable, answerable, liable, amenable; accredited, dele- gated. ANT. Independent, absolute, supreme, despotic, autocratic. Accouter. Equip, furnish, dress, fit out, arm, array. ANT. Despoil, impoverish, denude, strip, bare. Accredit. Credit, authorize, trust, empower, commission, de- pute. ANT. Recall, supersede, dis- miss, discard; disbelieve, dis- trust, suspect. Accredited. Authorized, com- missioned, sanctioned ; confiden- tial, trusted, believed. ANT. Unauthorized, dis- trusted, discredited. Accretion. Growth, accumula- tion, adhesion, coherence, in- crease. ANT. Abrasion, disintegra- tion, diminution. Accrue. Result, arise, issue, en- sue, follow, proceed, come, in- crease, augment. ANT. Cause, occasion; re- duce, weaken, abate. Accumulate. Pile, collect, gather up, bring together; store, amass, garner, treasure, husband, lay by, hoard; aggre- gate. ANT. Separate, dissipate, disperse, scatter, waste, expend. Accumulation. Collection, heap, mass, accretion, hoard, store. ANT. Separation, segrega- tion; unit, individual; prodi- gality, leakage, expenditure. Accuracy. Exactness, precision, nicety, truth, carefulness, cor- rectness, exactitude, fidelity. ANT. Looseness, slovenli- ness, incorrectness, error, fal- lacy, misconception, misstate- ment. Accurate. Careful, exact, faith- ful, precise, truthful, correct, rigorous, close, severe, just, unerring. ANT. Inexact, faulty, inac- curate, defective, loose, careless. Accusation. Charge, indict- ment, arraignment, impeach- ment, imputation, crimination, censure. ANT. Discharge, acquittal, vindication, absolution, ap- proval. Accuse. Charge, indict, arraign, incriminate, impeach, cite, sum- mon, tax, censure, taunt, blame, reproach. ANT. Discharge, acquit, de- fend, vindicate, exonerate, par- don, absolve, condone, release. Accustom. Habituate, use, be wonted, harden, familiarize, train, addict, drill, break in, discipline. ANT. Estrange, wean, alien- ate, dishabituate. Acerbity. Sourness, acidity, tartness, bitterness, roughness, harshness, acrimony. ANT. Sweetness, mildness, softness, gentleness, smooth- ness. Ache, n. Pain, dull or continued pain, anguish, suffering, agony. ANT. Pleasure, relief, ease, refreshment, d«light. [ 10 ] ach] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [acu> Achieve. Accomplish, perform, complete, finish, realize, bring to pass, work out, conclude ; ob- tain, acquire, gain, win, get. ANT. Neglect, undo, mar, omit; fail of, lose. Achievement. Accomplishment, performance, attainment, com- pletion, consummation ; exploit, deed, feat. ANT. Forfeit, failure, negli- gence, frustration, blunder. Acknowledge. Recognize, be aware of; admit, concede, al- low, accept; confess, avow; ex- press thanks for; own. or pro- fess. ANT. Disclaim, disown, deny, repudiate, ignore, dis- avow. Acme. Summit, zenith, climax, top, apex, vertex, pinnacle, cul- mination. ANT. Base, nadir, depth, ground, foundation, foot, root. Acquaintance. Association, fa- miliarity ; friend ; intimacy, companionship, experience, knowledge, friendship, fellow- ship. ANT. Ignorance, inexperi- ence, unfamiliarity, ignoring. Acquiesce. Assent, concur, yield, comply, submit, agree, con- sent. ANT. Object, demur, dissent. Acquire. Gain, earn, win, reap, obtain, attain, achieve, get, se- cure ; master, learn thoroughly. ANT. Lose, surrender, miss, forego, forfeit. Acquit. Discharge, exonerate, release, absolve, excuse, par- don, exculpate. ANT. Charge, condemn, sen- tence, compel, indict, imprison. Acquittal. Discharge, release, deliverance, liberation, abso- lution. ANT. Judgment, punish- ment, penalty, trial, retribu- tion, correction, castigation. Acrimony. Bitterness, sharp- ness, sourness, tartness, sever- ity, asperity, hardness, rancor, ill-temper, spite, unkindness. ANT. Gentleness, good na- ture, kindness, sweetness, cour- tesy. Act, n. Deed, performance, ex- ploit, accomplishment, achieve- ment, effect, movement, trans- action, work. ANT. Cessation, inertia, qui- escence, inaction, rest, reposer quiet, deliberation. Act, v. Work, do, perform, exe- cute; behave; play, feign, pre- tend, dissemble; operate, have effect; be, realize, actualize. ANT. Rest, cease, stop, stay; neglect, omit, mar, undo; ex- pose, reveal, vaunt; be quiescent or latent; fancy; endure, suffer. Action. Exercise, motion, move- ment, deed, performance; agency, force, operation ; battle, conflict ; gesture ; representa- tion, play; subject, plot; law- suit, case. ANT. Inertia, torpor, lan- guor; quiescence, rest, passive- ness; harmony, truce, peace. Active. Agile, brisk, alert, lively, quick, prompt, ready, spry ; in- dustrious, energetic, busy, dili- gent. ANT. Dull, idle, indolent, lazy, quiet, slow, stupid. Actual. Real, true, genuine, cer- tain, absolute, positive, veri- table, substantial ; present, sen- sible, perceptible. ANT. Possible, fictitious, sup- posititious, virtual, theoretical, hypothetical, conjectural. Acumen. Discernment, penetra- tion, keenness, shrewdness, in- sight, sharpness, sagacity, acuteness. [ 11 ] acu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [adj ANT. Dulness, obtuseness, stupidity, bluntness. Acute. Sharp, pointed, keen, shrewd; violent, intense; high, sudden, severe, distressing; subtile, ingenious, sagacious, discerning. ANT. Dull, blunt, obtuse, stupid, heavy; chronic; stolid. Adaptation. Adjustment, fitness, conformity, suitableness, apt- ness, harmony. ANT. Incompatibility, in- congruity, misfit, discord. Add. Sum up, increase, adjoin, append, attach, augment, en- large, amplify, annex, affix. ANT. Deduct, subtract, les- sen, reduce, remove, diminish. Addicted. Habituated, disposed to, inclined, prone, attached to, devoted, given over to, wedded to. ANT. Averse, disinclined, un- accustomed, indisposed, di- vorced from. Addition. Accession, enlarge- ment, increase, extension, ac- cretion, augmentation, adjunct. ANT. Subtraction, decrease, diminution. Address, n. Courtesy, manners, politeness, tact, ingenuity, dex- terity, discretion, adroitness ; discourse, harangue, oration, lecture, speech, appeal, request, suit, solicitation. ANT. Clumsiness, rudeness, stupidity, unmannerliness, folly ; refusal. Address, v. Accost, approach, court, greet, hail, salute, speak to. ANT. Avoid, elude, ignore, shun, cut, pass, overlook. Adduce. Offer, present, advance ; cite, quote, introduce, name, mention; allege. ANT. Withdraw, except, de- duct, suppress, retract. Adept. Expert, master, profi- cient, genius, veteran, professor. ANT. Novice, tyro, blun- derer, inexpert. Adequate. Equal, competent, fitted, qualified, suitable, suffi- cient, capable, adapted, satis- factory ; proportionate, com- mensurate. ANT. Inferior, poor, useless, worthless, unfit, incompetent. Adhere. Stick, cling, cohere, hold, cleave; belong, pertain; be attached, fixed, or devoted. ANT. Part, separate, sunder, sever, give way. Adherence. Tenacity, attach- ment, constancy, fidelity, devo- tion, partisanship; adhesion. ANT. Desertion, separation, disunion, unfaithfulness. Adjacent. Near, close, border- ing, adjoining, contiguous, be- side. ANT. Separate, distant, re- mote, detached, disconnected. Adjourn. Postpone, delay, de- fer; suspend, interrupt, close, end, dissolve. ANT Despatch, hasten, con- clude, complete, terminate, con- summate. Adjunct. Addition, appendage, accessory, aid, advantage, help ; colleague, associate. ANT. Detriment, impedi- ment, hindrance, obstruction, detraction. Adjure. Entreat, beseech, pray, supplicate, implore, beg; swear by. ANT. Defy, deprecate, re- monstrate, dare, expostulate, warn. Adjustment. Arrangement, dis- posal ; settlement, agreement, understanding; fitting, adapta- tion, conformity; regulation, rectification, accommodation. ANT. Disturbance, disorder, adm] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [adv confusion; dissension, diver- gence; non-conformity. Administer. Dispense, distrib- ute, supply; direct, manage, control, superintend; offer, proffer, tender. ANT. Withhold, refuse, re- tain; betray, mismanage; re- pulse, rebuff. Admiration. Wonder, approval, love, surprise, astonishment, appreciation, reverence, high regard. ANT. Disapproval, contempt, dislike. Admire. Honor, esteem, ap- prove, adore, wonder at, vener- ate, extol, marvel at, applaud, revere, respect. ANT. Despise, dislike, exe- crate, hate, abhor, scorn, de- test. Admissible. Allowable, lawful, permissible, possible, probable. ANT. Absurd, preposterous, improper, wrong, unlawful. Admission. Admittance, en- trance, access ; avowal, acknowl- edgment, concession, concur- rence, allowance. ANT. Denial, contradiction, rejection, negation. Admit. Receive; accept, acknowl- edge, own, confess; permit, al- low, suffer. ANT. Exclude, debar; dis- oion, deny ; dismiss, reject, re- pudiate. Admonish. Advise, warn, cau- tion, counsel, censure, rebuke, reprove; forewarn, remind, dis- suade; instruct, teach, apprise, acquaint. ANT. Encourage, urge, coun- tenance, applaud, abet, insti- gate. Admonition. Caution, warning, advice, counsel, instruction, re- minder, hint, reproof, reprehen- sion. ANT. Applause, encourage- ment, incitement, urging, insti- gation. Ado. Trouble, toil, labor, pains; bustle, stir, fuss, noise, tur- moil. ANT. Quiet, calm, compos- ure, tranquillity. Adopt. Appropriate, assume ; approve, accept, support, main- tain ; affiliate, father. ANT. Reject, discard; re- nounce, abandon, disclaim; dis- own, repudiate. Adoration. Worship, devotion, homage, reverence, veneration, idolatry. ANT. Execration, disesteem, abomination, abhorrence, hatred, detestation. Adorn. Beautify, decorate, em- bellish, ornament, garnish, il- lustrate, gild, bedeck, grace, dignify, honor, exalt. ANT. Mar, spoil, deface, dis- figure, deform, denude, strip. Adroit. Dexterous, expert, skil- ful, apt, handy, quick, clever, ready, deft, ingenious, cunning. ANT. Clumsy, unskilful? awkward, bungling, unliandy, maladroit. Adulation. Flattery, extrava- gant compliment, fulsome praise, fawning, sycophancy, blandishment, obsequiousness. ANT. Defamation, obloquy, ridicule, satire, sarcasm, de- traction, aspersion, libel. Adumbrate. Shadow, outline,, indicate, hint, trace, delineate; typify, represent, symbolize; darken, obscure, hide, conceal. ANT. Fulfil, realize, em- body; misrepresent; reveal, il- lumine. Advance, n. Progress, improve- ment, growth ; offer, proposal, overture, tender, proposition ; rise, appreciation. •adv] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [adv ANT. Regress, return, retro- gression; diminution; depreci- ation. Advance, v. Push or send for- ward, propel; promote, ele- vate, dignify, exalt; improve, strengthen, benefit ; propose, offer; furnish, lend, loan; in- crease, augment, raise; pro- ceed, progress; thrive, prosper; accelerate. ANT. Retard, hinder, with- hold, withdraw; suppress, de- grade, depress; oppose, recall, weaken, retreat; lessen, dimin- ish. Advantage. Benefit, profit, ex- pediency, favorable opportunity, blessing; behalf, account, in- terest; privilege, convenience, assistance, utility, service. -ANT. Loss, disappointment, frustration, difficulty, dilem- ma. Advent. Approach, coming, ar- rival, accession. ANT. Departure, exit, exo- dus, retirement. Adventitious. Accidental, inci- dental, extrinsic, non-essential, foreign, casual; redundant, su- perfluous. ANT. Intrinsic, pertinent, regular, proper, necessary, ap- propriate. Adventure. Chance, hazard, risk, venture, experiment, trial; event, incident, occurrence, con- tingency, crisis. ANT. Matter-of-fact, matter- of-course; prospect; monotony, routine. Adventurous. Bold, daring, ven- turesome, rash, reckless, head- long; dangerous, perilous, un- certain; fearless, enterprising. ANT. Timid, nervous, hesi- tating, cautious, cowardly. Adversary. Foe, enemy, antago- nist, opponent, rival, assailant. ANT. Ally, helper, assistant, accomplice, aider, abettor, ac- cessory. Adverse. Opposite, contrary, conflicting; hostile, injurious, harmful ; unlucky, unfortunate, disastrous. ANT. Favorable, friendly, propitious, fortunate, lucky. Adversity. Calamity, affliction, trouble, disaster, woe, distress, suffering. ANT. Success, prosperity, ad- vancement, good luck. Advert to. Consider, notice, re- mark, heed, attend, refer, al- lude, mention, touch upon; re- gard. ANT. Ignore, pass, drop, overlook, omit. Advertent. Mindful, regardful, attentive, watchful, observant, thoughtful, considerate, heed- ful. ANT. Thoughtless, heedless, inconsiderate, inattentive. Advertise. Announce, publish, proclaim, declare, circulate, noise abroad ; offer for sale ; in- form, notify, apprise; promul- gate. ANT. Suppress, ignore, hush, conceal; mislead, misinform. Advice. Counsel, suggestion, ad- monition, instruction, caution; tidings, intelligence, notice; de- liberation, care, forethought; recommendation, exhortation, information. ANT. Remonstrance, re- straint, expostulation, prohibi- tion; deception, delusion. Advisable. Judicious, expedi- ent, politic, prudent, desirable, beneficial, profitable ; proper, fitting. ANT. Imprudent, undesir- able, inexpedient, improper, det- rimental. Advocate. Counsel, lawyer, at- 14 ] aff] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [aft torney; defender, promoter, friend, patron, supporter, pleader, maintainer. ANT. Accuser, impugner, gainsayer, adversary, opponent. Affable. Open, free, frank, un- reserved ; accessible, familiar ; cordial, social, courteous, polite, obliging, urbane, benign, gra- cious, mild, well-bred; conde- •cending. ANT. Distant, unapproach- able, inaccessible, haughty, con- temptuous, supercilious. Affair. Business, concern, func- tion, matter, circumstance, question, subject; event, inci- dent, occurrence, performance; battle, combat, engagement, skirmish, collision, brush, en- counter. ANT. Detail, item, feature, point. Affect. Influence, change, trans- form, modify, alter; concern, interest, touch, move, impress; crave, yearn, desire, like; as- sume, adopt, feign, pretend; operate, act on; melt, soften, subdue, overcome. ANT. Shun, repel, repudiate, spurn, dislike, eschew. Affectation. Airs, mannerism, pretension, pretense, foppery, display. ANT. Simplicity, artlessness, naturalness, genuineness. Affection. Feeling, passion, at- tachment, fondness, tenderness, love; propensity, disposition; endearment, devotion, partial- ity; attribute, quality, charac- teristic, mark. ANT. Indifference, repul- sion, disaffection, repugnance. Affiance. Trust, confidence, hom- age, reliance, betrothal, fealty, faith, plighting. ANT. Disloyalty, distrust, treason, suspicion, infidelity. Affiliate. Associate, adopt, join, connect, incorporate, annex. ANT. Sever, transplant, sep- arate, disjoin, dissociate. Affinity. Relationship, kin, con- sanguinity, propinquity; like- ness, resemblance, relation, an- alogy, connection, correspon- dence; sympathy, attraction. ANT. Repugnance, discord- ance, antipathy, antagonism. Affirm. Assert, swear, state, de- clare, maintain, allege, protest, confirm, ratify, approve, en- dorse, aver, asseverate, assure, avouch, establish. ANT. Deny, doubt, demur, contradict, negative, gainsay, impugn, oppose, dispute. Affirmation. Avowal, declara- tion, statement, assertion, tes- timony, deposition, confirma- tion, ratification, approval, en- dorsement. ANT. Doubt, denial, contra- diction, disputation, disap- proval. Affix. Join, annex, attach, fasten, connect to, unite to, ap- pend. ANT. Remove, detach, sepa- rate, unfasten. Affliction. Adversity, misfor- tune, grief, sorrow, distress, tribulation, disaster, trial, mis- ery, calamity, pain, anguish, trouble, hardship. ANT. Consolation, relief, blessing, gratification, pleasure. Affluence. Wealth, fortune, riches, opulence, abundance, plenty, profusion. ANT. Want, scarcity, pov- erty, penury, lack, indigence. Afford. Supply, furnish, con- tribute, bestow, offer, confer, bear, endure, support, yield, im- part, administer. ANT. Withhold, deny, re- tain, stint, grudge, withdraw. [ 15 ] •ffj SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Affray. Quarrel, tussle, scuffle, scrimmage, collision, brawl, dis- turbance, fight, rumpus, strug- gle, contest, strife, encounter, feud, tumult. ANT. Peace, amity, friend- ship, good will. Affront. Outrage, insult, abuse, annoyance, displeasure, offense, provocation, wrong, vexation, wound, exasperation, irrita- tion. ANT. Courtesy, homage, amends, compliment, apology. Afire. Ablaze, burning, ignited, aflame. ANT. Out, quenched, extin- guished. Afloat. Adrift, at sea, abroad, loose; happening, betiding, brewing. ANT. Moored, anchored, aground, stranded, fixed, stead- fast, firm. Afoot. Afloat, preparing, forth- coming, ready, brewing, on hand, astir. ANT. Unprepared, unpro- vided for, inactive, sluggish, latent. Aforesaid. Above-mentioned, foregoing, preceding, above- named. AXT. Folloicing, subsequent, subjoined, forthcoming, after- cited. Afraid. Fearful, timid, appre- hensive, anxious, alarmed, terri- fied, frightened. ANT. Fearless, bold, confi- dent, reckless, venturesome, in- different, secure, hopeful, auda- cious. Afresh. Anew, again, newly, fre- quently, repeatedly, once more. ANT. Uniformly, connect- edly, continuously/. After. Subsequent, later; fol- lowing, behind, rear, back, pos- terior; concerning, about, for, in relation to; in imitation, of, in the pattern of. ANT. Before, preceding, in- troducing; in front of; oppo- site; facing; previous or prior to, afore; in advance; previ- ously, already. Again. Anew, afresh, repeatedly ; further, moreover, besides; on the contrary; back, in answer or restitution, in return; once more. ANT. Once, continuously, un- interruptedly, uniformly. Against. Opposite, across, ad- verse to, counter to, athwart; facing, fronting, close up to, in contact with; for, in prepara- tion for, in expectation of; in compensation for, in requital of, to match. ANT. With, for, beside, ac- companying, aiding, promoting. Agape. Yawning, open-mouthed; wondering, gazing, dazed, amazed ; curious, inquisitive, agog, astare, eager. ANT. Listless, lukewarm, in- curious, indifferent. Age. Duration; period, date, epoch, time; maturity, genera- tion; era, century. ANT. Infancy, youth, boy- hood, childhood; moment, in- stant. Agent. Actor, doer, operator, promoter, performer ; cause, force, power; deputy, factor, attorney, representative, substi- tute; means, instrument. ANT. Counteragent, counter- actor, opponent, neutralizer ; chief, principal; originator, in- ventor. Agglomeration. Accumulation, heap, pile, mass, conglomera- tion, cluster. ANT. Disprrsion, division, separation, sifting, dissipation. Aggrandize. Exalt, honor, ele- »gg] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [aid vate, dignify, promote, advance, enrich, augment. ANT. Degrade, impoverish, debase, humiliate, dishonor, lower. Aggravate. Exasperate, pro- voke, wound, make worse, inten- sify, embitter, heighten. ANT. Soothe, assuage, palli- ate, diminish, conciliate, allevi- ate. Aggregation. Collection, accu- mulation, mass, heap, pile, amount, total, sum, result, whole, agglomeration. ANT. Dispersion, dissipation, separation, division ; u n i t ; element, individual, ingredient, item. Aggression. Attack, invasion, encroachment, assault, injury, offense, onslaught, provocation, intrusion. ANT. Retaliation, repulsion, retreat, resistance, evacuation. Aghast. Dismayed, horrified, terrified, frightened ; amazed, astounded, startled, astonished, dumfounded. ANT. Cool, fearless, indiffer- ent, unmoved, unaffected, un- excited. Agile. Nimble, active, lively, smart, prompt, alert, supple, brisk, quick, ready, sprightly, spry. ANT. Sloio, heavy, clumsy, bulky, awkward, inert, ponder- ous. Agitate. Disturb, trouble, shake, jar, convulse; excite, rouse, fer- ment; fluster, hurry, discon- cert; discuss, controvert, de- bate, examine, ventilate, inves- tigate ; deliberate, contrive, de- vise, plan. ANT. Calm, allay, pacify, smooth, compose, quiet / solve, determine, settle. Ago. Past, gone, since. ANT. Future, coming, here- after, hence. Agony. Anguish, torture, tor- ment, distress, throe, panga, pain, suffering, woe, excrucia- tion. ANT. Assuagement, comfort, relief, composure, ease, enjoy- ment. Agree. Accept, assent, approve comply, consent, concur, admit, accede. ANT. Contend, disagree, deny ; dissent, dispute, protest, oppose, demur, differ; decline. Agreeable. Suitable, proper, ap- propriate, befitting, accordant, conformable, consonant, wel- come, amiable, pleasing, grati- fying. ANT. Unpleasant, disoblig- ing, obnoxious, disagreeable, un- w^jcome, offensive, inharmoni- ous, unaccommodating. Agreement. Contract, compact, bond, Bargain, covenant, har- mony, i»xison, obligation, under- taking, treaty. ANT. Promise, understand- ing, parole; discord, dissen- sion. Agriculture. Farming, hus- bandry, cultivation of the soil, tillage. ANT. Falloumess, sterility, unproductiveness, waste. Aground. Ashore, stranded, not afloat; exhausted in resources. ANT. Afloat, loose, abroad, adrift; flush. Ahead. In front, forwavi, on- ward, in advance. ANT. Abaft, astern, back, be- hind, aft. Aid. Help, support, assist, serve, befriend, minister to, relieve, succor; supply, give alms to; foster, protect, encourage, favor. A N T . Oppose, discourage, t7iicart, baffle, deter, confront. [ 17 ] all] SYNONYMS ANL ANTONYMS [all Ailing. Sick, ill, indisposed, un- well, feeble, infirm, weakly, delicate, unhealthy, pining. ANT. Well, healthy, ener- getic, strong, vigorous. Ailment. Disease, malady, in- disposition, distemper, com- plaint. ANT. Health, sanity, conva- lescence, vigor, recovery. Aim. Direction, course, tendency, bent, proclivity, bearing; inten- tion, purpose, design, scheme; reason ; view, scope, drift, mark, goal, point; endeavor, attempt, aspiration, determination. ANT. Deviation, divergence, deflection, digression, aberra- tion; tangent; venture, leap, fluke, chance, hazard, specula- tion; neglect, avoidance, care- lessness, oversight. Air. Atmosphere, gas; breeze, vapor, zephyr, wind; weather; appearance, aspect, manner, sort, style, way, behavior, car- riage, bearing, expression, look, demeanor, mien, fashion; tune. Airy. Aerial, thin, rare, ethe- real; light, subtle, sublimated; sprightly, buoyant, vivacious, volatile, jolly, jovial, light- hearted; graceful, lithe, pliant, flexible, showy, jaunty, flaunt- ing, garish ; windy, empty. ANT. Thick, ponderous, heavy, inert, clumsy, dull, sluggish, wooden, slow, cheerless, sullen, doleful, leaden, lugubrious. Akin. Related, allied, homogene- ous, cognate, similar, congenial, sympathetic. ANT. Foreign, alien, hostile, heterogeneous, dissimilar. Alacrity. Readiness, briskness, activity, quickness, willingness, promptness, compliance, cheer- fulness, eagerness, gaiety, agil- ity. ANT. Sloumess, reluctance, repugnance, aversion, refusal, shrinking, recoil, disinclination. Alarm. Summons, tocsin, dis- tress signal, war-cry; fear, ter- ror, apprehension, consterna- tion, dismay, dread, affright. ANT. Lullaby; confidence, quiet, composure, assurance, courage. Alert. Lively, prompt, ready, prepared, vigilant, wide-awake, bustling, active, brisk, nimble, watchful, sprightly, agile. ANT. Slow, lazy, absent, ob- livious, sluggish, dilatory, drowsy. Alien, n. Foreigner, stranger. ANT. Citizen, countryman, native, naturalized person. Alien, a. Strange, foreign, hos- tile, remote, distant, contrasted, contrary, unlike, unconnected. ANT. Pertinent, essential; domesticated, naturalized; ger- mane, akin, appropriate. Alienation. Estrangement, trans- fer, conveyance, disaffection, variance, rupture, breach; (re- lating to the mind) insanity, aberration, delusion, lunacy, de- lirium, mania, imbecility. ANT. Confederacy, coalition, alliance, league, union; sanity, soundness, sobriety, rationality. Alight. Perch, settle, drop, lodge; dismount, descend. ANT. Soar, spring, ascend, start, mount. Alike. Similar, kindred, same, resembling, equivalent, homoge- neous, identical, analogous, uni- form, akin, allied. ANT. Different, unequal, dis- similar, unlike, heterogeneous, distinct, various. Aliment. Food, nourishment, subsistence, fare, diet, regimen, nutriment, viands, meat, suste* nance. ANT. Poison, bane; starva* all] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [all tion, exhaustion; venom, scourge. Alive. Living, quick, subsist- ing, animate, alert, active, breathing; sensitive, suscep- tible; operative; cheerful, joy- ous; brisk. ANT. Dead, defunct, lifeless, deceased; inanimate, dull; de- parted, cold; dispirited. All, n. Whole, totality. ANT. P art, piece, share, por- tion. All, o. Whole, entire, complete, total ; each, every. ANT. Some, part. Allay. Repress, restrain, check, subdue, silence, still, hush, soothe, compose, calm, appease, lull, alleviate, mitigate, solace, abate, relieve, palliate. ANT. Aggravate, arouse, ex- cite, stir, kindle, fan, provoke. Allege. Declare, afiirm, claim, maintain, state, asseverate ; advance, aver, introduce; pro- fess, cite. ANT. Contradict, gainsay, refute, deny, disprove, quash. Allegiance. Fealty, loyalty, de- votion, homage, faithfulness, obedience. ANT. Treason, rebellion, se- dition, disloyalty, disaffection. Allegory. Parable, fable, myth, story, tale, apologue, metaphor, illustration, simile. ANT. History, fact, narra- tive, chronicle, record. Alleviate. Abate, mitigate, re- duce, relieve, lessen, assuage, re- move, soften, moderate, lighten. ANT. Augment, increase, heighten, intensify, magnify, ag- gravate, enhance, embitter. Alliance. Connection, relation- ship, affinity; confederacy, league, union, treaty, copartner- ship, coalition; affiliation, simi- larity. ANT. Separation, estrange- ment, divorce; antagonism, dis- ruption, enmity, hostility, schism, secession. Allot. Divide, apportion, dis- tribute, deal out, dispense; as- sign, grant, give, appoint, des- tine. ANT. Refuse, retain, misdeal, deny, confiscate, appropriate, seize, withhold. Allow. Grant, own, confess, ad- mit; permit, let, authorize; suffer, tolerate, endure; yield, give, grant; approve, sanction, abate, remit. ANT. Protest, refuse, deny, disapprove, forbid, disallow, reject, withstand, resist. Allowance. Leave, permission, sanction, approval; admission, acknowledgment, assent; com- mission; qualification, excep- tion; ration. ANT. Refusal, disapproval, denial; ratification, confirma- tion. Alloy, n. Admixture, adultera- tion, deterioration, debasement, disparagement, drawback. ANT. Genuineness, enhance- ment, purity, integrity. Allude. Intimate, insinuate, point, refer, suggest, signify, hint, imply, indicate, mention. ANT. Demonstrate, specify, declare. Allure. Decoy, entice, coax, at- tract, tempt, inveigle, seduce. ANT. Dissuade, repel, warn, chill, damp, drive away, deter, alarm, terrify. Allusion. Hint, suggestion, inti- mation, reference, implication, innuendo. ANT. Mention, demonstra- tion, specification. Ally, n. Assistant, helper, aider, friend, associate, colleague, partner, accessory, accomplice. [ 19 alo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [am* ANT. Opponent, adversary, foe, enemy, antagonist. Aloft. Above, skyward, heaven- ward, overhead, in the air. ANT. Beneath, earthward, below. Alone. Solitary, sole, single, isolated. ANT. Accompanied, associ- ated. Along. Lengthwise, onward, for- ward; together, beside, simul- taneously. ANT. Across, sidewise or sideways, lateral; apart, tan- dem. Aloof. Apart, distant, away, off. ANT. Close, near, together, unitedly. Aloud. Distinctly, audibly, vo- ciferously, clamorously, sonor- ously. ANT. Softly, silently, inau- dibly. Also. As well, likewise, too, sim- ilarly, withal, besides, in addi- tion, in like manner. ANT. Nevertheless, notwith- standing, on the contrary, but, yet, in spite of, on the other hand. Alter. Change, turn, vary, mod- ify, shift, substitute, remodel, transform, convert. ANT. Conserve, perpetuate, preserve, arrest, solidify, retain. Alteration. Change, variation, modification, shifting, muta- tion. - ANT. Changelessness, iden- tity, fixity, permanence. Altercation. Dispute, conten- tion, controversy, difference, quarrel, wrangle, dissension. ANT. Concord, agreement, compromise, reconciliation, unanimity, harmony, conso- nance. Alternate. Reciprocal, every other one, one after another, in turn, interchangeable, mutual. ANT. Continuous, successive, consequent, proximate, sequent. Alternative. Choice, option, preference, election, pick, re- source. ANT. Compulsion, quandary, necessity; fixity, changeless- ness. Although. Albeit, even if, sup- posing, grant that. ANT. Yet, notwithstanding. Altitude. Height, elevation, lof- tiness, ascent, eminence. ANT. Depth, declivity, de- scent, abasement. Altogether. Collectively, con- jointly, wholly, quite, com- pletely, totally, utterly, en- tirely, thoroughly, fully, in the mass. ANT. Partially, piecemeal, by instalments, partly, incom- pletely, by halves, wanting; in- dividually, separately. Altruism. Philanthropy, unself- ishness, public spirit, devotion to others, self-sacrifice, self-for- getfulness, generosity. ANT. Selfishness, self-indul- gence, worldliness, meanness; egoism. Always. Ever, forever, eter< nally, for aye, evermore, ever- lastingly, perpetually; uni- formly, invariably, generally, habitually. ANT. Now, momently, in- stantly, suddenly; sometimes, occasionally. Amalgamate. Mix, commingle, unite, combine, blend, com- pound, incorporate, join, fuse, consolidate. ANT. Disintegrate, decom- pose, disperse, separate, dissi- pate, analyze. Amaranthine. Of the amaranth ; fadeless, imperishable, undying, [ 20 1 uma] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ami immortal, perennial; purplish, amethystine. ANT. Ephemeral, perishable, mortal, fading. Amass. Accumulate, heap up, collect, gather, hoard, store up. ANT. Disperse, divide, scat- ter, spend, squander, loaste, dis- sipate; portion, distribute, par- cel. Amateur. Lover, votary, devo- tee; beginner, neophyte, nov- i teh] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [beu ANT. Enlighten, advise; weary, Lore. Behavior. Conduct, deportment, manners, breeding, carriage, bearing, action, demeanor, life. ANT. Misconduct, misde- meanor. Behest. Command, injunction, charge, precept. ANT. Option, liberty. Behind. Back, astern, rear- ward. ANT. Before, in front of. Behold. See, look, discern, gaze, scan, observe, contemplate. ANT. Ignore, miss, wink, overlook, disregard, connive. Behoof. Advantage, profit. ANT. Loss, detriment, disad- vantage. Being. Reality, existence, actu- ality; essence, inmost nature, substance, life, vital principle, root, heart. ANT. Nonentity, nullity, non- existence. Beleaguer. Besiege, beset, block- ade, invest; compass, block up, surround, obstruct, environ. ANT. Abandon; conquer, sub- due. Belief. Trust, confidence, con- viction, credence, persuasion, reliance, assurance ; dogma, creed, tenets, opinion, view; credit, acceptance, assent, cur- rency. ANT. Distrust, denial, dis- credit, dissent, rejection, dis- avowal. Belligerent. Warlike, contend- ing, conflicting, hostile, rival, opposed, adverse, antagonistic, pugnacious, contentious, quar- relsome. ANT. Peaceful, friendly, for- bearing, pacific, neutral. Belonging, n. Quality, gift, en- dowment, attribute ; property, goods, estate, chattel, posses- sion; appendage, appurtenance, accessory. Belonging, a. Related, connected, appertaining, congenial, cog- nate, accompanying. ANT. Alien, optional, inde- pendent, irrelevant. Below. Under, beneath, under- neath, hereinafter. ANT. Above, beforementioned, previously. Bend. Curve, twist, crook, bow, deflect, deviate, diverge, twine; influence, persuade, incline, submit. ANT. Straighten, stiffen, di- rect; resist, break, crush. Beneath. Below, under, under- neath; unworthy of, unbefit- ting. ANT. Above, superior to; over, aloft. Benediction. Benison, blessing, beatitude ; gratitude, thanks, praise ; benefit, grace, boon. ANT. Curse, censure, execra- tion, ingratitude. Benefactor. Patron, supporter, upholder, friend, contributor. ANT. Destroyer, enemy, op- pressor, brute. Beneficence. Charity, bounty, liberality, benevolence. ANT. Malevolence, hatredf stinginess, miserliness, niggard- liness. Benefit. Boon, service, advan- tage, profit, favor, blessing. ANT. Evil, loss, damage, ca- lamity, injury, privation. Benevolence. Kindness, humane- ness, charitableness, good will, altruism, beneficence, liberality, philanthropy, benignity, bounty, humanity, sympathy, munifi- cence, generosity, unselfishness, kind-heartedness. ANT. Malevolence, malig- nity, selfishness, stinginess, unkindness, brutality, churlish- [ 36 ] ben] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tbey ness, barbarity, illiberality, self- seeking, niggardliness, harsh- ness. Benign. Kind, gracious, amiable, gentle, friendly, benevolent, hu- mane, obliging, good. ANT. Hateful, harsh, brutal, churlish. Bequeath. Will, leave, devise; hand down, transmit, impart. ANT. Withhold, alienate, dis- inherit. Bereavement. Deprivation, loss, destitution, affliction, forlorn condition, desolation. ANT. Blessing, compensation, reparation, consolation, resti- tution, restoration, substitu- tion. Bereft. Stripped, despoiled, de- prived. ANT. Endowed, blessed, en- ricJied, compensated. Beseech. Beg, implore, pray, ask, solicit, entreat, petition, impor- tune. ANT. Grant, requite, confer; disdain, defy. Beset. Surround, circle, hem in, besiege, beleaguer; embarrass. ANT. Defend, defy, repel. Beside. Near, close together; aside from ; out of. ANT. Far, distant. Besides or Beside. Except, save, distinct from; moreover, fur- thermore, else, beyond that. ANT. Apart, separate from; exclusively ; finally. Bestow. Give, present, award, grant, confer; place, stow, store. ANT. Receive; seize, appro- priate, usurp; disperse, throw away. Bet. Stake, wager, pledge. ANT. Plan, calculate, dispose. Betide. Happen, bechance, befall, come to pass, occur, take place. ANT. Result, be destined or doomed. Betimes. Seasonably, in good time or season. ANT. Inopportune, late, tardy, unseasonable. Betoken. Signify, denote, indi- cate, represent, imply, prove, show, augur ; presage, prefigure, foretell, portend. ANT. Mask, hide, mislead, be- lie, misrepresent. Betray. Reveal, expose, divulge, deliver up, deceive; manifest, show, indicate; lure, ensnare, entrap, beguile; seduce, ruin, corrupt. ANT. Protect, preserve, fos- ter, cherish, conceal, suppress, guard. Betrothal. Engagement, plight- ing, affiancing. Better. Amend, ameliorate, im- prove, correct, advance, reform. ANT. Make worse, degrade, wreck, weaken, cripple, impair, injure. Between. Amid, among, be- twixt. ANT. Outside, beyond, with- out. Bewail. Bemoan, lament, sor- row, grieve. ANT. Rejoice, joy, exult. Beware. Take care, be cautious, be wary, look out, mind. ANT. Be reckless, careless; neglect, ignore. Bewilderment. Confusion, em- barrassment, daze, maze, per- plexity, mystification. ANT. Enlightenment, self- possession, calmness, discern- ment, perspicacity. Bewitch. Charm, enchant, fasci- nate, captivate. ANT. Repulse, avoid, recoil, annoy, harass. Beyond. Over, across, remote, farther than, before; yonder, above, exceeding. ANT. Beside, near, at hand, [ 37 ] bla] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bla close; behind, back; below, less than. Bias. Bent, inclination, tendency, leaning, proneness, proclivity, propensity, partiality, predilec- tion. ANT. Repulsion, reaction, repugnance. Bicker. Wrangle, quarrel, dis- pute, squabble. ANT. Agree, sympathize, un- derstand, harmonize. Bidding. Command, order, di- rection, appointment, mandate ; offer, bid, proposal. ANT. Request, solicitation; refusal, rebuff. Bide. Dwell, stay, reside, wait, tarry, remain ; endure, bear. ANT. Depart, go, move, mi- grate; resist, rebel, protest. Big. Large, great, wide, bulky, huge, gross, fat; proud, arro- gant, haughty, pompous. ANT. Small, little, least, thin, narroio; humble, subservi- ent, unassuming. Bigot. Zealot, fanatic, dogma- tist, devotee. ANT. Skeptic, liberal, apos- tate, proselyte, doubter, agnos- tic. Bigoted. Intolerant, opinion- ated, prejudiced, dogmatical, narrow-minded, one-sided. ANT. Liberal, broad-minded, open to conviction. Bill. Account, charge, score, amount due, reckoning; draft of law; poster, placard, advertise- ment. Bind. Fetter, tie, fasten, shackle, restrict, restrain, secure; com- pel, oblige, engage. ANT. Free, loose, set free, untie. Birth. Family, parentage, origin, source, lineage, nativity, de- scent, extraction, race ; rise. ANT. Death, extinction. Bit. Part, piece, fragment, morsel. ANT. Whole, mass, aggrega- tion. Biting. Gnawing, sharp, severe, sardonic, censorious, piercing, sarcastic, trenchant. ANT. Pleasant, gentle, sooth- ing, genial, flattering. Bitter. Harsh, caustic, cutting, savage, acidulous, acrimonious, irate, sharp, sour, stinging, pungent, virulent. ANT. Sweet, honeyed, nee- tared, luscious, dulcet, saccha- rine. Blacken. Slander, malign, de- fame, daub, bespatter, befoul, asperse, traduce, vilify, decry, calumniate. ANT. Clear, eulogize, vindi- cate, whiten, whitewash. Blackguard. Rascal, scoundrel, villain. ANT. Gentleman. Blame. Censure, rebuke, chide, reprove, reproach, condemn, vi- tuperate, reprobate, reprehend, dispraise. ANT. Approve, praise, exon- erate, acquit, exculpate. Blameless. Pure, innocent, irre- sponsible, without fault. ANT. Guilty, implicated, blameworthy, faulty. Blanch. Bleach, whiten, white- wash. ANT. Blacken, stain, dye, darken, color. Bland. Soft, gentle, mild, af- fable, gracious, tender, benign, courteous, complaisant. ANT. Harsh, abrupt, rough, biting, savage, severe, impolite. Blandishment. Flattery, coax- ing, fascination, wheedling, at- traction, charm, fawning, cajol- ery. ANT. Bluntness, unmanner- liness, roughness, scolding, se- verity, sternness. [ 38 bla] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bio Blank. Bare, drear, bleak, void, empty; utter, pure, simple, mere, unqualified, unmitigated ; amazed, astonished, confused, disconcerted. ANT. Full, replete; complex; modified, qualified; composed, controlled, self-possessed, cog- nizant, intelligent. Blasphemy. Profanity, sacri- lege, impiety, swearing. ANT. Reverence, godliness, veneration. Blast. Shrivel, destroy, blight, kill, ruin, wither, annihilate; explode, rend, burst. ANT. Restore, expand, swell. Blazon. Exhibit, show off, blaze, blare, trumpet, proclaim, publish. ANT. Conceal, hush, cover, hide, suppress, shroud, bury. Bleach. Blanch, whiten. ANT. Blacken, darken, soil, stain. Bleak. Windy, exposed, bare; cold, chill, raw, desolate, com- fortless, cheerless. ANT. Sheltered, protected, warm, balmy, cheerful, com- fortable. Blemish. Blot, spot, flaw, fault, imperfection, stain; deface- ment, tarnish, disfigurement, disgrace, defect, dishonor, stigma, taint. ANT. Purity, unsulliedness, honor, integrity, wholeness. Blend. Mix, unite, fuse, merge, mingle, amalgamate, combine, coalesce, harmonize. ANT. Separate, run, dissoci- ate, divide. Bless. Delight, gladden, make happy, thank, glorify, exalt, praise, extol, felicitate, cheer. ANT. Curse, anathematize, sadden, grieve. Blessing. Benediction, benison; good, benefit, happiness, profit, boon, gain ; glory, praise, grati- tude. ANT. Malediction, curse; be- reavement, impoverishment, ca- lamity, deprivation, disaster, damage, detriment. Blight. Pestilence, withering, blast, destruction, ANT. Development, matur- ity. Blind. Sightless, unseeing, eye- less, undiscerning, ignorant, un- conscious, uninformed. ANT. Clear-sighted, far-see- ing, discerning, penetrating, conscious, keen, aware, sensi- tive. Blink. Wink, ignore, connive, overlook. ANT. Notice, note, mark. Bliss. Blessedness, happiness, joy, ecstasy, rapture, felicity, beatitude. ANT. Torment, woe, suffer- ing, misery, accursedness. Blithe. Merry, joyous, cheer- ful, gay, lively, airy, sportive, blithesome, mirthful, jocund, elated, vivacious, joyful. ANT. Dejected, heavy, dull, sullen. Block. Obstruct, arrest, stop, fill. ANT. Free, open, clear. Blockhead. Dunce, dolt, stupid fellow, numskull, ninny, simple- ton, ignoramus, dullard, booby. ANT. Sage, adept, savant, philosopher, schoolman, lumi- nary. Blood-thirsty. Cruel, savage, ferocious, murderous, bloody, bloody-minded, gory, barbarous, inhuman, ruthless, sanguinary. ANT. Humane, kind, merci- ful, mild, tender, compassionate. Bloom, n. Blossom, flower, flowering, efflorescence; flush, freshness, prime, vigor, glow; delicacy, innocence. [ 39 ] bio] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [boi ANT. Decay, decadence, blight, blast, roughness, tough- ness, ghastliness, superannua- tion, cadaver ousness, coarse- ness. Bloom, v. Blossom, bud, flower, germinate, sprout, blow, de- velop. ANT. Blight, be blasted, wither. Blooming. Flourishing, flower- ing; young, beautiful, fair, fresh. ANT. Fading, waning, old, unsightly, deformed, blasted, withered. Blot. Sully, spot, tarnish, spoil, discolor, pollute, stain, erase, blur, blotch, smear, smutch, obliterate. ANT. Cleanse, clear, whiten, blanch: perpetuate, preserve. Blot out. Erase, cancel, ex- punge, obliterate, efface, de- stroy, wipe out. ANT. Restore, replace. Blow, n. Knock, thump, stroke, box, buffet, calamity, cuff, cut, concussion, disaster, lash, mis- fortune, rap. shock, stroke, wound, affliction, blast, gale, gust; disappointment. ANT. Kelief, comfort, bless- ing, consolation, assuagement. Bluff. Abrupt, blunt, inconsid- erate, open, rough, unmannerly, uncivil, blustering, bold, brusque, coarse, discourteous, frank, impolite, plain-spoken, rude. ANT. Bland, courteous, ge- nial, polite, refined, reserved, urbane, polished. Blunder. Error, mistake, mis- understanding, fault, slip, over- sight, inaccuracy, delusion. ANT. Accuracy, correctness, truthfulness, exactness, ratifi- cation, foresight, achievement, success, correction. Blunt, a. Obtuse, dull, pointless, edgeless, brusk, abrupt, plain, informal, stupid, stolid. AXT. Sharp, keen, acute, sensitive, polished, courteous, refined. Blunt, v. Subdue, numb, hard- en, dull, make dull, deaden, paralyze, stupefy ; moderate, allay, mitigate, assuage. ANT. Quicken, sharpen, in- stigate, excite, stimulate, ani- mate, vitalize. Blush, n. Bloom, color, redden- ing, carnation, complexion; shame, confusion, guiltiness. ANT. Pallor ; innocence, pu- rity, unconsciousness; boldness, effrontery. Bluster. Storm, rage, insult, roar, swagger, vaunt, boast. ANT. Cringe, whine, ivhim- per. Boast. Vaunt, brag, swagger, magnify, make much of, swell, bluster, triumph, glory, vapor. ANT. Whine, cringe; mini- mize, apologize. Bodily. Corporeally; completely, wholly, altogether, entirely, col- lectively, unitedly. ANT. Spiritually, ghostly; piecemeal, partially, gradually, fragmcntarili/. Body. Material or physical sub- stance; carcass, corpse; trunk, stem, bulk, main part; person, individual, mortal, creature, being; company, society, cor- poration ; system ; consistency, substance; ashes, form, dust, frame, remains, clay. ANT. Intellect, intelligence, soul, spirit, mind; branch, limb; world, iiniverse; mass, conglomeration. Boil. Bubble, rage, effervesce, explode, fume. ANT. Calm, subside, cool, re- cover. I 40 ] boi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hot Boisterous. Loud, unrestrained, stormy, noisy, furious, violent, clamorous. ANT. Quiet, silent, unosten- tatious, mild, gentle, peaceful, calm, serene, self-possessed. Bold. Courageous, fearless, ad- venturous, brave, intrepid, dauntless, audacious, daring, valiant. ANT. Timorous, fearful, re- tiring, shy, bashful. Bolster. Support, prop, help, sustain, aid, buoy, patch, de- fend, maintain. ANT. Depress, fail, relax. Bombast. Bluster, pomposity, fustian, braggadocio, rhodo- montade. ANT. Modesty, humility, ve- racity, moderation, temperance. Bond. Tie, fastening, manacle, fetter; compact, obligation, se- curity. ANT. Option, freedom, pa- role, honor, discretion. Bondage. Servitude, slavery, imprisonment, captivity, incar- ceration, subjection, serfdom, confinement, thraldom. ANT. Liberty, freedom, man- umission, independence. Bondsman. Slave, serf, captive, vassal, prisoner. ANT. Freeman, gentleman, master, lord. Bonny. Fair, pretty, pleasant, handsome, shapely, buxom. ANT. Homely, ufjly, un- seemly, deformed, ill-favored. Bonus. Premium, douceur, boon, benefit. ANT. Fine, penalty, dis- count, mulct. Booby. Dunce, idiot, numskull. ANT. Wiseacre, solon, oracle. Bookish. Pedantic, studious, learned, erudite, educated. ANT. Illiterate, ignorant. Boor. Rustic, clown, lout, peas- ant, countryman, plowman, swain, bumpkin. ANT. Gentleman, courtier. Boorish. Rude, rustic, clownish,, loutish, ungainly, awkward, coarse, rough, gawky. ANT. Polite, civil, polished, urbane, courtly, affable, gra- cious. Bootless. Useless, unavailing,, unprofitable, profitless, vain. ANT. Effectual, profitable, useful, effective. Booty. Plunder, prey, spoil, pil- lage, loot. ANT. Restitution, fine, for- feiture, confiscation, penalty. Border. Edge, limit, boundary, brink, rim, verge, enclosure, confine, band. ANT. Land, tract, interior, center, space, substance. Bore. Pierce, perforate, pene- trate, drill ; weary, plague, trouble, vex, worry, annoy. ANT. Delight, gratify, please. Bosom. Breast, heart, affection; hollow, depths, midst, inmost recesses ; retreat, retirement, quiet, privacy. ANT. Surface, exterior, ex- panse; manner, deportment, de- meanor. Both. Twain, two. ANT. Either, each, every, neither, none, not any, no one. Bother. Worry, pester, perplex, harass, plague, tease, vex, mo- lest, annoy, excite. ANT. Aid, assist, calm, quiet, compose. Bottom. Deep, profound, base,, foot ; foundation, basis, ground- work; valley, meadow; ship, vessel; seat; grounds, lees, sedi- ments; stamina, power of en- durance. ANT. Top, height, acmer apex, summit, crown, brow; sur- face. bou] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bre Bound, v. Skip, leap, frisk, jump, spring; confine, limit, circum- scribe, terminate, restrict, re- strain. ANT. Hobble, limp, crawl, creep, shamble; enlarge, open, extend, spread out. Boundary. Margin, limit, con- fines, border, bound, frontier, line, marge, verge, termination, term, barrier, bourn, edge, en- closure, landmark ; circumfer- ence. ANT. Land, region, estate, interior, territory; center, cita- del; inside. ^Boundless. Unlimited, illimit- able, unbounded, measureless, infinite. ANT. "Narrow, restricted, confined, circumscribed. Bountiful. Liberal, generous, benevolent, unselfish, munifi- cent. ANT. Miserly, selfish, stingy, niggardly. Bounty. Liberality, gift, gener- osity, charity, benefaction, be- nignity, benevolence, munifi- cence, donation; premium, re- ward, bonus. ANT. Closeness, stinginess, niggardliness, miserliness. Bower. Recess, arbor, retreat, alcove, summerhouse. ANT. Open place. Brag. Boast, vaunt, bully, swag- ger. ANT. Cringe, whine, whim- per. Braid. Bind, weave, plait, tie. ANT. Unbind, dishevel. Branch. Member, bough, limb, shoot, arm, twig, scion, offshoot, ramification ; section, depart- ment, division; article, part, portion; tributary; derivative line, cognate stock. ANT. Trunk, stock, stem; race, family, house. Brand, v. Denounce, mark, stig- matize, disgrace. ANT. Honor, decorate, dis- tinguish. Brandish. Flourish, wield, whisk, shake, wave. ANT. Suspend, stay, arrest. Bravado. Boasting, bragging, bluster. ANT. Diffidence, reserve, con- cealment, modesty. Brave. Fearless, heroic, un- daunted, undismayed, adventur- ous, bold, courageous, daring, dauntless, gallant, intrepid, valiant, venturesome, doughty, chivalrous, chivalric, splendid, courteous. ANT. Afraid, cringing, fear- ful, shrinking, timid, timorous, frightened, cowardly, faint- hearted, pusillanimous, churl- ish, discourteous, fearsome. Brawny. Muscular, strong, powerful, athletic, sinewy, her- culean, robust, stout. ANT. Weak, fragile, deli- cate, feeble, effeminate, lean. Breach. Break, rupture, open- ing, fracture, flaw, fissure, rent; violation, infringement, non- observance; quarrel, difference, variance, dissension, schism, ali- enation. ANT. Integrity, wholeness, fiawlessness, completeness; rec- onciliation, healing; conserva- tion, observance; inviolat eness ; union, fidelity, amalgamation. Break. Fracture, rend, part, sever, shatter, smash, shiver; weaken, impair, enfeeble, ener- vate; tame; make bankrupt; dismiss, discard, degrade, cash- ier; mitigate, assuage; inter- rupt, stop, cut short; open, un- fold; destroy, sunder, burst, rive, crack, crush, demolish, rupture, split, transgress. ANT. Fasten, join, mend, se- [ 42 ] Tire] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bri cure, unite, weld, attach, bind, solder, heal, piece, conjoin, re- join; protect, conserve; en- courage, strengthen, preserve; observe, obey. Breast. Bosom, heart, affection, conscience. Breathless. Out of breath ; life- less, dead ; exhausted, eager, ab- sorbed, attentive, fascinated ; astonished, astounded, bewil- dered. ANT. Calm, collected, cool, composed; indifferent, uninter- ested. Breed, n. Lineage, race, pedigree, progeny, stock, line, family, ex- traction, strain. ANT. Ancestor, source, orig- inal, origin. Breed, v. Bring forth, bear, be- get, produce; nurture, foster, nourish; discipline, educate, in- struct, train, teach, school; oc- casion, originate, generate, pro- create, propagate, cause, evolve. ANT. Destroy, extirpate, stifle, extinguish. Breeding. Discipline, instruc- tion, education, nurture, train- ing, schooling; manners, de- portment. ANT. Ill manners, misbe- havior; ignorance, illiteracy. Brevity. Shortness, terseness, conciseness, compression, pithi- ness, succinctness, pointedness; abbreviation, abridgment. ANT. Prolixity, diffuseness, verbosity, length, protraction, elongation, extension, tedious- ness. Brew. Concoct, compound, mix, hatch, foment, excite; prepare, collect, gather, grow; threaten, impend; form. ANT. Disperse, break, spoil, mar, miscompound. Bridle, v. Restrain, curb, control, govern, check; bristle, ruffle; master, moderate, compress, re- press. ANT. Relax, loosen, give vent, liberate, discharge; soothe, calm. Brief. Short, concise, succinct. ANT. Long, tedious, diffuse. Bright, Shining, resplendent, lu- minous, glowing, lustrous, beaming, gleaming, glistening, blazing, naming, flashing, radi- ant, ruddy, refulgent, brilliant, dazzling, sparkling, scintillat- ing, burnished; lucid, clear, transparent, pellucid, lambent, cloudless, limpid; glorious, fa- mous, illustrious ; intelligent, acute, discerning, keen, ingeni- ous ; auspicious, promising, pro- pitious, favorable, inspiring ; cheerful, merry, lively, happy, animated. ANT. Opaque, dull, dark, gloomy, black, ebon, shadoioy-, rayless, sunless, murky, cloudy, overcast, pitchy, lurid; obscure, mysterious, enigmatical, mystic, unintelligible, occult, recondite, abstruse, cabalistic, transcen- dental; disheartening, discour~ aging, dismal, cheerless; igno- rant, unlettered, untaught, im- becile, rude, benighted; foul, infamous, horrible, damnable, vile, infernal, wicked, sullen, atrocious, dejected. Brilliant. Bright, radiant, flash- ing, lustrous, glorious, lumi- nous, effulgent, beaming, spark- ling; illustrious, distinguished, celebrated, famous, renowned, eminent. ANT. Dark, dull, stupid, gloomy; notorious, infamous; obscure, insignificant. Bring. Bear, fetch, convey; con- duct, guide, lead, attend, ac- company, convoy; obtain, gain, procure, produce; induce, pre- vail upon. [ 43 ] fcri] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bul ANT. Remove, export, send, exclude, debar, transport, ab- stract, subtract. Brisk. Lively, quick, vivacious, active, alert, animated, prompt, sprightly, nimble, spry, agile. ANT. Slow, heavy, dull, slug- gish, indolent, inactive, unener- getic, stagnant. Bristling. Full, crowded, swarming, stocked, multifari- ous, multitudinous ; bristly, standing on end like bristles; ruffled, roughened, corrugated, bespined; bridled, angered, of- fended. ANT. Smooth, soothed, al- layed; prone; bare, nude, scant, devoid, vacant. Brittle. Fragile, crumbling, shivery, frail, easily broken. ANT. Tough, stout, strong, hardy. Broach.. Open, pierce, tap; sug- gest, hint, approach, break; utter, publish, proclaim, give out ; originate, propound. ANT. Repress, cork, bottle, secrete, conceal, hide. Broad. Wide; large, ample, ex- tensive, vast, spacious, capa- cious; liberal, tolerant, free, hospitable ; spread, diffused, open; gross, vulgar, indecent, coarse. ANT. Narrow; contracted, restricted, confined, limited; prejudiced, illiberal, bigoted, re- served; veiled, enigmatical, shrouded, shaded; refined, deli- cate, sketchy; specific, pointed. Broil. Affray, quarrel, conten- tion. Brook. Tolerate, bear, suffer, en- dure, abide, submit to, undergo, permit. ANT. Resist, resent, reject. Brotherhood. Fraternity, fel- lowship, association, sodality, society. Browbeat. Bully, intimidate, bulldoze, overawe. ANT. Rally, support. Bruise. Pommel, crush, squeeze, break, pound, batter, deface. ANT. Heal, soothe. Brunt. Shock, attack, impulse, onslaught, onset, assault. ANT. Repulse, resistance, en- durance. Brutal. Brutish, animal, beastly, bestial ; savage, ferocious, cruel, harsh, uncivil, rude, rough, gruff, impolite, brusque j sen- sual, carnal. ANT. Humane, self-con~ trolled, civilized, enlightened, elevated, noble, refined, intelli- gent, grand. Bubble. Toy, trifle, fancy, con- ceit, dream, vision, froth, trash. ANT. Prize, treasure, real- ity, substance, jewel, good, ad- vantage. Buffoon. Wag, clown, jester, mountebank, harlequin, droll, punch, fool. ANT. Wit, genius, pedant, philosopher. Build. Make, form, shape, figure, model; construct, erect, raise. ANT. Demolish, overthrow, destroy. Building. Architecture, edifice, structure, fabric, pile, erection. ANT. Ruin, demolition, di- lapidation, dismantlement. Bulk. Magnitude, size, volume, mass; greatness, amplitude, massiveness ; majority, major part, most, principal part; di- mension. ANT. Portion, section, atom, particle; diminution, tenuity, contraction, dismemberment, disintegration. Bulwark. Rampart, fortress, fortification, stronghold, in- trench ment, bastion, parapet, citadel. [ 44 ] bun] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [by ANT. Siefe, bombardment, cannonade, boarding, storm- ing. Bungler. Botcher, clown, fum- bler, clumsy workman, novice. ANT. Adept, adroit, master, artist, proficient workman, pro- fessor. Buoy, v. Float, support, sus- tain; elevate, inspire, assure, animate, cheer. ANT. Kink, droicn, depress, swamp; crush, betray, fail, de- ject, overcome. Buoyant. Light; cheerful, hope- ful, sprightly, vivacious, joyous, blithesome, jocund, sportive, jubilant, elastic, floating. ANT. Heavy, defected, de- pressed, moody, joyless, cheer- less, desponding. Burden. Load, weight; cargo, freight; capacity, tonnage: im- pediment, incubus, grievance, trial, trouble, affliction, sor- row; chorus, refrain; topic, drift, tenor, point, substance. ANT. Ease, lightness; facil- ity, airiness, light-heartedness; consolation, assuagement, alle- ri<:lion, liberation, mitigation. Burial. Interment, sepulture, entombment, burying. ANT. Exhumation, disinter- ment. Burlesque. Parody, travesty, caricature, ridicule, farce. ANT. Classic, history, fact. Burn. Char, consume, cremate, scorch, set on fire, singe, ignite, incinerate, kindle, blaze, cau- terize, glow, smolder. ANT. Smother, stifle, subdue, extinguish, cool, put out; sub- side, glimmer, lower, pale. Burnish. Brighten, polish, make to glisten, glaze, gloss. ANT. Dull, bedim, cloud, scratch, abrade. Burst. Break, open, explode, blow up, rend, split, crack, dis- charge, shatter, disrupt. ANT. Cohere, hold, stand, stick, together, adhere. Bury. Inter, cover up, entomb, inearth, inhume, inurn; shroud, conceal, secrete, hide; immure, confine; cancel, compose, hush, cover with oblivion. ANT. Resurrect, exhume, dis- inter, excavate, expose, resusci- tate; publish, announce, adver- tise. Business. Employment, craft, trade, commerce, handicraft, trallic, transaction, work, voca- tion, job, affairs, avocation, pro- fession, occupation, culling, con- cern, duty, office, interest. AXT. Stagnation, leisure, in- activity. Bustle. Activity, stir, commo- tion, excitement, haste, hurry, energy, eagerness, flurry. ANT. Idleness, inactivity, vacation, stagnation, quiet, in- dolence, indifference, unconcern. Busy. Engaged, employed, occu- pied; diligent, industrious, ac- tive, working, sedulous; brisk, stirring, bustling, agile, spry, nimble; meddling, officious. ANT. Idle, lazy, indolent, slothful. But. Save, except, furthermore, barely, besides, however, just, only, notwithstanding, though, unless, yet, still, merely, never- theless, provided, moreover. Buxom. Bonny, blithe, shapely. ANT. Lean, slend er, ill-shaped. Buy. Purchase, bargain, ac- quire ; bribe, corrupt, pervert, suborn, subsidize. ANT. Sell, hawk, retail, vend. By. Through, with; at, on; from, according to; near, close by; past; along, over; before, in the sight of, in the name of; per, at. SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cal Cabal. Confederacy, conspiracy, conclave, combination, faction, crew, junto, gang, coterie, plot, political intrigue, league. Cadaverous. Bloodless, pallid, pale, wan, ghastly, deathlike, ashy. ANT. Rosy, blushing, san- guine, incarnadine. Cage, v. Imprison, immure, con- fine, incarcerate. ANT. Liberate, free, dismiss, unbar. Caitiff. Rascal, miscreant, vil- lain, wretch, coward, sneak, traitor, scoundrel, vagabond. ANT. Gentleman, patriot, philanthropist. Cajole. Coax, wheedle, flatter, fawn upon, blandish; deceive, entrap, beguile, inveigle, im- pose upon. ANT. Scold, chide, warn. Calamitous. Disastrous, unfor- tunate, unlucky, adverse, un- toward, deplorable, ruinous, in- auspicious, wretched, distress- ing, grievous, ill-starred, troub- lous, hapless, ill-omened. ANT. Fortunate, auspicious, felicitous, propitious, favorable, advantageous. Calamity. Disaster, misfortune, catastrophe, mishap, trial, trouble, affliction, adversity, distress, hardship, ill luck, vis- itation. ANT. Blessing, boon, advan- tage, good fortune, benefaction. Calculate. Number, reckon, sum up, count, compute, account, estimate, enumerate, rate; con- sider, deem, apportion, investi- gate. ANT. Guess, risk, chance, conjecture, stake. Calculating. Wary, cautious, scheming, crafty, cool, hard, selfish; careful, circumspect, sa- gacious, farsighted. ANT. Shortsighted, improvi- dent, rash, careless. Calculation. Reckoning, compu- tation; expectation, anticipa- tion, prospect; foresight, fore- thought, caution, wariness, dis- cretion, prudence, deliberation. ANT. Omission, carelessness, imprudence, indiscretion, in- consideration. Caliber. Diameter, gage, capac- ity; faculty, scope, talent, abil- ity, gifts, parts, endowment. ANT. Smallness, thinness; imbecility, incapacity, pueril- ity. Call. Cry, bellow, clamor, ejacu- late, scream, roar, shout, shriek, bawl, yell, exclaim, vociferate; invite, summon, send for, bid; assemble, convene, muster; elect, ordain, appoint; invoke, appeal to. ANT. Be silent, hush, list, listen, harken, be still; ignore; disperse; disdain, defy. Calm. Composed, peaceful, pla- cid, quiet, still, tranquil, self- possessed, serene, undisturbed, dispassionate, sedate, collected, imperturbable, unruffled. ANT. Frantic, frenzied, pas- sionate, furious, raging, stormy, violent, boisterous, agitated, ex- cited, fierce, turbulent, icild, heated, wrathful, disturbed. Calumniate. Slander, traduce, defame, vilify, revile, asperse. ANT. Praise, commend, vin- dicate, laud, honor, eulogise; shield. Calumny. Slander, aspersion, cam] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cap defamation, detraction, abuse, obloquy. ANT. Vindication, justifi- cation; eulogy, panegyric. Camp. Encampment, bivouac. Cancel. Obliterate, scratch out, erase, efface, expunge, cross off ; abolish, abrogate, nullify, an- nul, revoke, rescind, make void, repeal. ANT. Confirm, enact, perpet- uate, approve, enforce, uphold, sustain, maintain, establish, record, write. Candid. Honest, open, straight- forward, transparent, unbiased, artless, frank, guileless, ingenu- ous, naive, sincere, impartial, innocent, unprejudiced, above- board, simple, truthful, unso- phisticated, fair. ANT. Deceitful, designing, foxy, sharp, shrewd, crafty, art- ful, sly, tricky, subtle, adroit, cunning, insincere, diplomatic, intriguing, wily. Candidate. Aspirant, solicitant, petitioner, canvasser, claimant, solicitor. ANT. Non-competitor; re- signer, abandoner, abjurer. Canvass. Debate, discuss, dis- pute, agitate; examine, investi- gate, scrutinize, sift, study, con- sider; solicit votes from, apply for. ANT. Admit, pass, misexam- ine, allow, ignore, disregard. Capability. Capacity, ability, skill, power, competency, effi- ciency, caliber, force, faculty, scope, brains, talent. ANT. Dulness, inability, in- aptitude, difficulty, awkward- ness. Capacity. Space, magnitude, vol- ume, dimensions, extent, size, tonnage, caliber; faculty, gift, talent, genius, competency, ca- pability, discernment, clever- ness, skill, aptitude; sphere, office, province, character, func- tion. ANT. Restriction, narrow- ness, contractedness, incapac- ity; vncompetency, inefficiency, inability. Capital, n. Metropolis; large letter; stock, sum invested; head of a column or pillar; mental, physical, or financial resources. Capital, a. Chief, principal, es- sential, leading, cardinal ; fatal, forfeiting life ; excellent, prime, first-class, first-rate, consum- mate, high, important. ANT. Subordinate, inferior, unimportant, minor; defective, mean. Capitulate. Surrender, yield, submit, stipulate. ANT. Resist, contend, strug- gle. Caprice. Vagary, freak, whimy fancy, crotchet. ANT. Purpose, plan, deter- mination, conviction, serious- ness. Capricious. Wayward, fanciful, freakish, whimsical, inconstant, uncertain, fitful, fickle, change- able. ANT. Firm, inflexible, un- sicerving, constant, decided, se- rious. Captious. Carping, hypercriti- cal, censorious; crabbed, snap- pish, touchy, cross, snarling, acrimonious, contentious; in- sidious, ensnaring. ANT. Appreciative, commen- datory, complimentary, encour- aging, flattering, laudatory, ap- proving. Captivate. Charm, enchant, fas- cinate, enamor, bewitch, please highly, lead captive, win, catch. ANT. Disenchant, disillu- sionize; disgust. Captivity. Thraldom, confine- [ 47 ] eap] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cas ment, duress, imprisonment, bondage, subjection, slavery, servitude, durance. ANT. Freedom, liberty, in- dependence. Capture. Seize, catch, arrest, apprehend, make captive ; prize. ANT. Liberate, free, release; acquit. Care. Anxiety, trouble, solici- tude, concern, vigilance, worry, charge, caution, attention, heed, forethought, management, per- plexity, watchfulness, wariness, precaution, oversight, prudence. ANT. Indifference, heedless- ness, negligence, oversight, re- missness, slight, recklessness, disregard, carelessness, inatten- tion. Career. Course, line of achieve- ment, passage, race, flight, pro- cedure, conduct, progress, ac- tive life, success. Careful. Thoughtful, provident, considerate, reflective, heedful, diligent, pensive, regardful, con- templative. ANT. Careless, thoughtless, improvident, unthinking, heed- less, inconsiderate, rash, wan- ton, idle, dreamy, trifling. Caress, v. Embrace, fondle, kiss, pet, pamper, coddle, court, flat- ter. ANT. Vex, tease, affront, an- noy, provoke, persecute. Cargo. Freight, load, goods, lad- ing, consignment, merchandise. Caricature. Imitation, mimicry, parody, travesty, burlesque, ex- aggeration, extravaganza, take- off, farce, monstrosity. ANT. Portraiture, resem- blance, representation, repro- duction. Carnage. Massacre, bloodshed, slaughter, havoc, butchery. ANT. Deliverance, ransom, Quarter, redemption. Carnal. Sensual, fleshly, lustful, lascivious ; natural, unregener- ate, earthly, temporal. ANT. Spiritual, ethereal, re- fined, pure, exalted, temperate, self-controlled. Carnival. Festival, revel, mas- querade, rout. ANT. Fast, retirement, Lent, penance, mortification. Carol. Sing, warble, chirp, twit- ter, chant, whistle, hum; hymn. ANT. Whine, lament, dirge, cry, croak, weep, groan, moan. Carousal. Feast, festival, ban- quet, revel, debauch, wassail, orgies. ANT. Fast, abstinence, star- vation; temperance, modera- tion; self-denial. Carp. Cavil, find fault, object to, pick flaws, challenge, censure, hypercriticize. ANT. Concede, admit, com- pliment, approve, applaud, ac- quiesce, assent. Carpet. Covering for floor; table or board (metaphorical), con- sideration, consultation. ANT. Shelf (metaphorical), rejection, oblivion, disposal. Carry. Convey, move, transport, lift, bring, bear, transmit, sup- port, sustain, take; impel, urge, push forward ; signify, infer, in- volve, implicate. ANT. Drop, let go, throw down, fall under, shake off; re- tard, impede; leave, be separate from. Case. Box; covering, sheathe; state, condition, plight, predica- ment; instance, example, occur- rence ; circumstance, event, con- tingency; suit, action, process, trial, cause; question, subject of discussion; form, inflec- tion. ANT. Hypothesis, supposi- tion, fancy, theory, conjecture; t 48 ] cas] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tcea generalisation, principle, uni- versality. Cash. Coin, money, specie, cur- rency, capital. ANT. Paper money, green- backs, bills. Cast. Hurl, throw, pitch, fling, drive, thrust, sling, toss; shed, lay aside; calculate, compute, reckon; found, form; direct, turn; assign, appoint, allot; impart, shed, diffuse, communi- cate. ANT. Raise, elevate, erect; accept, approve, retain, carry; miscalculate; break, dismember, dissipate. Caste. Grade, rank, order, line- age, dignity, respect. ANT. Abasement, degrada- tion, disrepute, taboo, reproach, ostracism. Castigate. Whip, flagellate, cane. ANT. Reward, encourage, ca- ress, pat. Casual. Accidental, incidental, fortuitous, chance, contingent. ANT. Regular, certain, fixed, ordinary, pc-riorlir, systematic. Casuistry. Sophistry, fallacy, quibble; refinement. ANT. Reason, common sense, conscience. Catalogue. List, register, index, enrolment, entry, record, roll, inventory, schedule. ANT. Non-registration, oblit- eration, oblivion, forgetfulness; non-entry, oversight, omission. Catastrophe. Revolution, disas- ter, mishap, misfortune, calam- ity, cataclysm, blow, visitation. ANT. Victor;/, triumph, ben- efit, ovation, success, felicita- tion, blessing. Catch. Grasp, seize, clutch, cap- ture, clasp, secure, snatch, take, arrest, ensnare, entrap, grip, lay hold; comprehend, appre- hend, understand. ANT. Lose, miss, fail of, let go, give up, release, restore. Categorical. Plain, absolute, distinct, positive, declaratory, affirmative. ANT. Obscure, ambiguous, dubious, hypothetical, contin- gent, mystical, enigmatical. Category. Class, division, order, rank; universal aspect, primi- tive relation. ANT. Essence, truth, being, substance, nature. Causality. Causation, potenti- ality, eventuality, operative- ness. ANT. Counteractivity, bar- renness, sterility; finality. Cause. Agent, origin, source, cre- ator, spring; reason, power; designer, antecedent, origina- tor, author, producer; condi- tion, principle. ANT. Effect, result, end, pro- duction, issue, accomplishment, development, consequence, cre- ation, fruit, event, outcome, outgrowth. Caution. Care, heed, wariness, circumspection, forethought, discretion; warning, admoni- tion, advice, counsel. ANT. Temerity, heedlessness, unguardedness, improvidence, imprudence. Cavalier, a. Arrogant, haughty, overbearing, insolent, disdain- ful. ANT. Courteous; subservi- ent, servile; civil, polite. Cavil. Carp, object, censure. ANT. Approve, allow, con- cede. Cavity. Opening, gap, aperture, hole, fissure. ANT. Obstruction, filling. Cease. End, finish, desist, leave off, quit, stop, refrain, abstain, discontinue, pause, terminate. ANT. Begin, commence, con- [49 ] eel] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cha tinue, originate, inaugurate, start, set going, set in opera- tion. Celebrated. Famous, renowned, distinguished, famed, illustri- ous, eminent, glorious, notable, exalted. ANT. Obscure, unknown, un- notable, mean, insignificant, in- conspicuous. Celebration. Solemnization, ob- servance, commemoration, lau- dation, praise, commendation. ANT. Oblivion, desuetude, non-observance. Celebrity. Fame, renown, repu- tation, glory, honor, repute, eminence, distinction; person of note, " lion." ANT. Obscurity, ignominy, disgrace, contempt, meanness; infamy; oblivion. Celerity. Rapidity, speed, haste, velocity, swiftness, fleetness, despatch. ANT. Slowness, tardinets, in- ertness. Celestial. Heavenly, angelic, su- pernal, ethereal, atmospheric, immortal, seraphic, divine, god- like. ANT. Earthly, terrestrial; human, mortal; infernal. Censure. Blame, disapproval, re- proach, disapprobation, repri- mand, condemnation, remon- strance, rebuke. ANT. Praise, approval, eu- logy, commendation, encourage- ment. Center. Middle, midst. ANT. Perimeter, rim, bound, circumference, boundary. Central. Convenient, medial, ac- cessible. ANT. Remote, inaccessible, inconvenient. Centralize. Concentrate, collect, localize. ANT. Disperse, distribute. Ceremonial, n. Ritual, rites, formalities, etiquette. Ceremonial, a. Ritualistic, for- mal, official, ministerial, pom- pous, sumptuous, scenic, func- tional. ANT. Private, unostenta- tious, undramatic, unimposing, unassuming. Ceremonious. Stately, lofty, courtly; formal, studied, punc- tilious; prim, precise. ANT. Brush, blunt, super- cilious, plain, simple. Certain. Sure, infallible, posi- tive, undeniable, unfailing; as- sured, fixed, regular, estab- lished; true, accurate, unmis- takable. ANT. Dubious, irregular, un- decided, doubtful, exceptional, casual. Certainty. Assurance, convic- tion, confidence, positiveness. ANT. Hesitation, doubt, mis- giving, conjecture, indecision. Certify. Acknowledge, avow, de- clare, prove, inform, assure, at- test. ANT. Disavow, misinform, disprove. Cessation. Stop, pause, abey- ance, suspension, lull, respite. ANT. Incessancy, continuity, continuance. Chafe. Vex, irritate, gall, rub, chagrin, tease, worry, harass, annoy, fret; rage, fume; nettle, exasperate, anger. ANT. Soothe, coax, calm, con- sole, humor; submit, endure, succumb. Chaff. Banter, badinage, non- sense, frivolity; refuse, trash. ANT. Sense, reason, pith, gist, seriousness, substance. Chagrin. Humiliation, shame, mortification, confusion, dis- composure, dismay, disappoint- ment. C 50 ] cha] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cha ANT. Delight, glory, exulta- tion, triumph, rejoicing. Challenge, v. Dare, brave, de- fy; demand, require, claim; ob- ject to, take exceptions. ANT. Pass, allow, grant, concede, permit; retract, re- treat. Champion. Defender, protector, vindicator; hero, winner, chief, victor, combatant. ANT. Renegade, traitor, de- serter, coward; adversary, op- po'nent. Chance. Hazard, casualty, acci- dent, luck, fortune. ANT. Law, sequence, pur- pose, design, intention, causa- tion, certainty. Change, n. Transformation, va- riation, transition, conversion, innovation, diversion, novelty, variety, vicissitude, alteration, transmutation. ANT. Fixity, identity, con- stancy, uniformity, firmness, permanence, persistence, steadi- ness. Change, v. Alter, transform, vary, turn, veer, shift, qualify, modify, exchange, diversify, convert, metamorphose, substi- tute. ANT. Continue, endure, stay, hold, keep, retain, abide, re- main, persist. Changeless. Stationary, undevi- ating, immovable, reliable, con sistent. ANT. Fluctuating, vacillat- ing, capricious, variable, plas- tic. Character. Mark, figure, sign, symbol, emblem, letter; consti- tution, nature, disposition, turn, cast, bent; temperament, moral qualities, personality, traits, habits; person, individual; re- pute, reputation. ANT. Anonymousness ; dis- repute; vagueness; indefinite- ness. Characteristic. Attribute, pe- culiarity, trait, sign, indication, mark, feature, distinction, sin- gularity, property, idiosyn- crasy. ANT. "Nondescript, general" ity, miscellany, commonness. Charge, v. Load, freight, bur- den; intrust; impute, ascribe; accuse, impeach, incriminate, arraign, indict; command, or- der, require, bid; attack, as- sault. ANT. Free, acquit, liberate, discharge. Charitable. Benign, bountiful, liberal; lenient, mild, consider- ate. ANT. Selfish, harsh, exact- ing, revengeful, churlish, cen- sorious. « Charity. Benevolence, liberal- ity, bounty, generosity, philan- thropy. ANT. Harshness, ill will, malignity, malevolence. Charlatan. Quack, mountebank, impostor, pretender, humbug, cheat. ANT. Victim, dupe, gull. Charm. Spell, incantation, en- chantment; fascination, attrac- tion, allurement; witchery, sor- cery, magic, necromancy. ANT. Fear, repulsion, dis- enchantment, disillusion. Chary. Careful, cautious, wary; frugal, sparing, saving, reluc- tant. ANT. Liberal, lavish, pro- fuse, extravagant. Chase. Pursue, track, hunt, fol- low, prosecute ; emboss, enchase. ANT. Flee, shun, elude, evade; abandon, relinquish. Chaste. Pure, spotless, immac- ulate, modest, virtuous, simple j refined, classic, elegant. cha] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dp ANT. Corrup t, impure, flashy, gaudy; coarse, inelegant. Chasten. Discipline, chastise, subdue, afflict, punish, soften, try. ANT. Indulge, pamper, spoil, demoralize. Chattels. Goods, wares, effects, furniture. ANT. Freehold. Cheap. Common, inexpensive, mean, worthless, vile, paltry, low-priced, poor, indifferent. ANT. Rare, costly, expen- sive, high, precious. Cheat, 11. Fraud, trick, artifice, swindle, deceit, fiction, impos- ture. ANT. Truth, reality, fact, "honesty, authenticity, certainty, openness, sincerity. Check, v. Restrain, curb, stop, bridle, hinder, impede, inhibit; reprove, chide, reprimand, re- buke. ANT. License, indulge, allow, loose, liberate, abet, instigate. Cheer, n. Gladness, joy, gaiety, mirth, merriment, cheerfulness, happiness, hope, conviviality, plenty, hospitality. ANT. Gloom, dearth, sullen- ness, niggardliness, unsociable- ness. Cheerful. Glad, lively, mirth- ful, animated, jocund, jolly, blithe, buoyant, merry, joyous. ANT. Oloomy, dejected, un- happy, lifeless, dull, depressing, melancholy, joyless, dispiriting. Cherish. Foster, nurture, pro- tect, shelter, treasure, comfort, cheer. ANT. A bandon, afflict, check, discourage. Chief, a. Head, important, ex- cellent, high, principal, consum- mate. ANT. Subordinate, minor, in- ferior. Chieftain. Captain, commander, general, leader, chief. ANT. Vassal, minion, adher- ent, retainer, attendant, fol- lower. Childish. Puerile, weak, infan- tine; silly, foolish, trivial, tri- fling. ANT. Manly, strong, wise, sagacious; important, momen- tous. Chimerical. Visionary, imagi- nary, unreal, dreamy, fanciful, fabulous. ANT. Real, actual, substan- tial, veritable. Chivalrous. Knightly, gallant, gentlemanly, heroic, valiant, spirited. ANT. Dastardly, recreant, sneaking. Choice, n. Option, preference, alternative, selection, election, free will. ANT. Necessity, compulsion; refusal; force; fate, predestina- tion. Choice, a. Select, dainty, rare, valuable, cherished, exquisite, precious. ANT. Common, ordinary, des- picable, cheap, inferior. Choose. Select, pick out, cull, prefer, elect. ANT. Cast away, reject, de- cline, refuse, leave, throw aside. Chronicle. Annals, records, reg- ister, memorials, archives, his- tory. ANT. Legend, romance, tra- dition. Cipher. Zero, nothing, nonen- tity, naught; character, symbol, device, monogram ; secret char- acter, private alphabet; nobody, person of no account. ANT. Infinity ; somebody, ce- lebrity, star, notability, colos- t 52 dr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Circular. Round, annular, spher- ical, ring-shaped. ANT. Linear, direct, straight. Circulate. Move in a circle ; dif- fuse, spread, disseminate, pro- mulgate, propagate, publish, no- tify; travel. ANT. Suppress, hush, cease, stagnate; center, monopolize, appropria te. Circumference. Periphery, cir- cuit, boundary, outline, enclo- oure. ANT. Center, interior. Circumlocution. Verbosity, pro- lixity, wordiness, diffuseness, periphrasis, redundance, tautol- ogy- ANT. Brevity, compression, condensation, shortness, suc- cinctness, terseness, compact- ness, conciseness, directness, plainness. Circumscribe. Define, limit, de- lineate, enclose, confine, re- strict. ANT. Distend, dilate, ex- pand, amplify, enlarge, extend. Circumspect. Cautious, wary, heedful, attentive, careful, pru- dent, watchful, scrupulous, vig- ilant. ANT. Careless, reckless, in- cautious, heedless, unwary. Circumstance. Event, situa- tion, occurrence, position, de- tail, incident, feature, accom- paniment, particular, point, item, condition. ANT. Deed, case, transac- tion, business, affair. Cite. Call, summon, name, se- lect, refer to, quote, mention. ANT. Discard, dismiss, dis- pute, contradict, reject, chal- lenge, disprove. Citizen. Inhabitant, dweller, townsman, burgher, resident, subject, denizen. Ajf" Foreigner, alien, exile, visitor, tramp, transient, tour- ist, sight-seer. Civilization. Culture, cultiva- tion, refinement, amelioration, humanization. ANT. Demoralization, sav- agery, barbarism, rudeness. Claim, n. Assertion, requisition, demand, call; title, privilege, right, pretension. ANT. Disclaimer, surrender, abjuration, waiver. Claim, v. Demand, ask, require, call for, assert, insist, request, maintain, pretend. ANT. Repudiate, waive, con- cede, forego, abjure. Clamor, n. Noise, uproar, hub- bub, outcry, vociferation, ex- clamation. ANT. Silence, reticence, ac- quiescence; repression, stifling. Clandestine. Secret, private, furtive, stealthy, underhand, sly, surreptitious, hidden. ANT. Open, aboveboard, sin- cere, frank. Class. Company, grade, order, rank, caste, clan, circle, associ- ation, club, clique, coterie, set. Classical. Refined, elegant, pol- ished, chaste, pure. ANT. Corrupt, barbarous, uncouth, debased, inelegant. Classification. Grouping, dis- position, arrangement, distri- bution, category, genus, desig- nation, order, species, nature, character; homogeneity. ANT. Individuality, special- ity, singularity, distinction, heterogeneity. Clause. Portion, section, pas- sage, paragraph, stipulation, article, chapter, provision. ANT. Document, instrument, writing. Clean, a. Pure, neat, clear, spot- less, cleansed, untarnished, up- right. [ 53 ] cle] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cog ANT. Foul, impure, untidy, hampered, unclean. Cleanse. Purify, wash, clean, disinfect, lave, scour, sponge, scrub, sweep, wipe, rinse, dust, purge. ANT. Defile, pollute, stain, deprave, sully, taint, "befoul, contaminate, corrupt, vitiate. Clear, a. Pure, bright, transpar- ent, free, serene, unclouded, ob- vious, manifest, pellucid, un- adorned, plain, distinct, evi- dent, lucid, intelligible, explicit, straightforward, perspicuous. ANT. Mysterious, unintelli- gible, vague, opaque, foggy, dim, cloudy, dubious, turbid, ambig- uous. Clever. Gifted, expert, capable, apt, bright, ingenious, quick- witted, skilful, adroit, dexter- ous, intellectual, happy, smart, talented, keen, knowing, intel- ligent, quick, sharp. ANT. Foolish, slow, stupid, idiotic, thickheaded, witless, bungling, awkward, dull, igno- rant, clumsy, senseless. Climax. Acme, top, summit, cul- mination, height, consumma- tion, zenith, head. ANT. Base, floor, nadir, anti- climax, depth; bathos. Cling. Stick, cleave, fasten, hold, adhere. ANT. Drop, relax, swerve, let go. Close. Packed, condensed, com- pressed, narrow, restricted, solid; secret, reserved; nig- gardly. ANT. Ample, wide, open, spa- cious, patent, public, adver- tised: open-handed, free, liberal. Clownish. Rude, rustic, boorish, awkward, clumsy, bucolic, clod- dish. ANT. Polite, affable, civil, urbane. Clumsy. Awkward, inexpert, un- couth, bungling, unskilful, un- wieldly. ANT. Neat, skilful, clever, expert, adroit, dexterous, work- manlike. Coalesce. Blend, mix, harmon- ize, unite, consolidate, combine, adhere. ANT. Disagree, sunder, sep- arate, sever. Coalition. League, union, al- liance, confederacy, combina- tion, compact, amalgamation. ANT. Disruption, rebellion, disagreement, sedition, mutiny. Coarse. Of large fibers, crude, rough, gross; indecent, indeli- cate, unrefined, unpolished, vul- gar, common, ordinary. ANT. Fine, choice, delicate, gentle. Coax. Wheedle, flatter, cajole, fawn, allure, seduce, circum- vent. ANT. Coerce, impel, drive, intimidate. Coerce. Impel, restrain, inhibit, force, compel, drive, check, in- timidate. ANT. Persuade, coax, per- mit, urge, induce, tempt. Coexistent. Contemporary, con- current, coincident, simultane- ous. ANT. Preceding or succeed- ing. Cogent. Forcible, powerful, ef- fective, irresistible, convincing, conclusive, persuasive, potent, urgent. ANT. Weak, feeble, poicer- less, ineffectual. Cogitate. Meditate, think, re- flect, consider, ponder, contem- plate. ANT. Dream, idle, wish. Cognizance. Knowledge, obser- vation, notice, recognition, ex- perience. [ 54 ] con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [com ANT. Ignorance, oversight, neglect. Coherent. Compact, consecutive, close, logical, consistent. ANT. Rambling, loose, dis- cursive, aberrant. Coincidence. Chance, fortuity, harmony, agreement, casualty, concurrence, contemporaneous- ness. ANT. Design, purpose, asyn- chronism, anachronism, differ- ence. Cold. Frigid, chilly, frosty, icy, polar, wintry; dull, lifeless, un- impassioned, sluggish, apa- thetic, indifferent, spiritless. ANT. Hot, warm, ardent, im- passioned, fiery, burning, fer- vid, vehement, passionate. Colleague. Associate, coadjutor, collaborator, helper, companion, partner, assistant, ally, confed- erate. ANT. Opponent, rival, antag- onist, competitor. Collect. Gather, glean, amass, garner, muster, congregate, as- semble, convoke, accumulate. ANT. Distribute, dispense, divide, assort, deal. Collision. Clash, shock, impact, concussion, encounter, contact, opposition, conflict. ANT. Divergence; concord, harmony, agreement, coinci- dence, concert, unity, amity, unison. Colloquy. Dialogue, conversa- tion, talk, discourse, consulta- tion, conference. ANT. Babel, tumult, outcry, clamor; silence, taciturnity. Collusion. Connivance, accom- pliceship, confederacy. ANT. Frustration, betrayal, exposure. Color. Hue, tint, tinge, shade, complexion; pigment, paint; pretense, speciousness, varnish, appearance, semblance, excuse, makeshift. ANT. Paleness; transpar- ency, openness. Combat. Conflict, encounter, battle, struggle, contest, con- tention. ANT. Truce, surrender, medi- ation. Combination. Association, con- nection, union; alliance, league; mixture, compound. ANT. Division, disruption, analysis, dissolution. Comfortable. Agreeable, satis- factory, pleasant, convenient, commodious, snug, genial. ANT. Miserable, distressed, forlorn, icretched, cheerless. Comic. Laughable, droll, funny, comical, farcical, ludicrous, ri- diculous. ANT. Serious, solemn, grave, tragic, melancholy. Command. Order, direct, bid, instruct, charge, enjoin; rule, govern. ANT. Beg, petition, suppli- cate, entreat; obey, yield, com- ply. Commemorate. Celebrate, ob- serve, perpetuate. ANT. Forget, abolish, ignore. Commence. Begin, start, inau- gurate, undertake. ANT. Finish, conclude, ter- minate. Commend. Approve, encourage, applaud, praise. ANT. Blame, condemn, cen- sure, denounce. Comment. Remark, observe, ex- plain, note, expound, interpret, illustrate. ANT. Confuse, obscure, mys- tify, confound, misrepresent. Commerce. Trade, traffic, busi- ness, exchange. ANT. Embargo, inactivity, boycott. [ 55 ] com] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [com Commit. Assign, confide, trust, relegate, entrust, consign. ANT. Omit, let pass, disre- gard, misconsign. Commodious. Ample, spacious, convenient, comfortable, suit- able. ANT. Narrow, cramped, ill- contrived. Commodity. Staple, ware, stock, produce, article. ANT. Drug, refuse. Common. Ordinary, habitual, everyday, familiar, frequent ; coarse, vulgar, mean, low. ANT. Exceptional, scarce, re- fined, rare. Commotion. Excitement, dis- turbance, agitation, turmoil, tu- mult, disorder. ANT. Quiet, tranquillity, calm, subsidence, pacification. Communicate. Divulge, impart, disclose, tell, announce, publish. ANT. Secrete, suppress, con- ceal, withhold, reserve; re- press; disavow. Communion. Fellowship, inter- course, participation. ANT. Alienation, exclusion, deprivation, ostracism. Community. Aggregation, soci- ety, commonwealth, neighbor- hood; fraternity, similarity, sympathy, homogeneity. ANT. Hostility, animosity, "heterogeneity . Commute. Exchange, replace, barter, compensate, mitigate, modify, lessen, diminish. ANT. Disallow; charge; in- crease, enlarge. Compact, n. Agreement, bond, contract, treaty, covenant. ANT. Promise, intention. Compact, a. Dense, close, solid, firm, compressed; concise, terse. pithy, short, brief, laconic, con- pendious, succinct, sententious. ANT. Diffuse; sparse, strag- gling; broadspread, unshapely; prolix, verbose. Companion. Associate, partner, mate, comrade, colleague. ANT. Rival, antagonist, ad- versary. Companionable. Sociable, pleas- ant, affable, genial, friendly, agreeable. ANT. Reserved, haughty, dis- tant, cold, solitary, inaccessible. Company. Concourse, gathering, crowd, throng, meeting, multi- tude, assembly, conclave, con- ference, congregation, conven- tion, convocation. ANT, Privacy, retirement, solitude, dispersion, loneliness, seclusion. Compare. Collate, estimate, de- clare similar, liken, parallel. ANT. Contrast, disconnect, pit, distinguish. Compass. Surround, enclose ; ef- fect, achieve, consummate, com- plete. ANT. Expand, liberate; fail, bungle, mismanage. Compassion. Pity, sympathy, condolence, kindness, clemency, mercy. ANT. Cruelty, antipathy, re- taliation, vindictireness. Compatible. Consistent, accor- dant, congruous, congenial, har- monious. ANT. Hostile, adverse, im- possible, destructive, contradic- tory. Compel. Force, oblige, make nec- essary, coerce, constrain, neces- sitate. ANT. Hinder, prevent, delay, block, hamper, encumber. Compensation. Recompense, re- ward, requital, satisfaction, reparation, amends, indemni- fication. ANT. Damage, injury, depri- vation. [ 56 ] com] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [com Compete. Contend, rival, strive, struggle. ANT. Share, participate. Competence. Ability, capable- ness; sufficiency, enough, ade- quacy. ANT. Inability, weakness; poverty, want, indigence. Competition. Rivalry, emula- tion, contest. ANT. Alliance, co-partner- ship. Complacent. Pleased, satisfied, contented, amiable, pleasant, af- fable. ANT. Morose, austere, un- mannerly. Complain. Murmur, grumble, remonstrate, find fault, repine, lament, grieve, expostulate. ANT. Approve, commend, ap- plaud, congratulate, rejoice. Complement. Fulfilment, total- ity, counterpart, supply, cor- relative. ANT. Deficit, abatement, de- ficiency. Complete, a. Perfect, finished, total, whole, entire; concluded, consummated, ended; adequate, exhaustive, thorough. ANT. Partial, inadequate, imperfect, unfinished. Complex. Confused, involved, mixed, entangled, complicated, composite, manifold, mingled, intricate, obscure. ANT. Direct, obvious, plain, uniform, simple, homogeneous, unraveled. Complexion. Face, feature, ap- pearance, look, hue, character, indication. ANT. Heart, core; reticence, concealment, inexpression. Compliance. Yielding, submis- sion, acquiescence, docility, obe- dience. ANT. Resistance, repulsion, refusal. Compliment. Flattery, praise, homage, commendation, enco- mium. ANT. Insult, contempt, dis- courtesy. Complimentary. Commenda- tory, flattering, laudatory. ANT. Disparaging, abusive, defamatory, denunciatory Component. Constituent, fae- tor, element, ingredient. ANT. Compound, entirety, sum, aggregate. Comport. Conduct, behave, de- mean ; accord, agree, harmonize. ANT. Contrast, militate, dif- fer; misdemean, misconduct. Compose. Compile, construct* constitute; soothe, allay, calm; write. ANT. Analyze, dissect; irri- tate, excite; criticize. Composition. Formation, mak- ing; compound, mixture; ar- rangement, union, combination; writing, invention; agreement, compromise. ANT. Examination, analy- sis, criticism; disturbance; seg- regation. Composure. Tranquillity, calm, repose, self-possession, serenity. ANT. Restlessness, perturba- tion. Compound, n. Mixture, combi- nation, amalgamation, coales- cence, synthesis. ANT. Analysis, dissolution, resolution. Comprehend. Understand, con- ceive, grasp; include, enclose, embrace. ANT. Misunderstand, mis- construe; except, exclude. Comprehension. Conception, un- derstanding, perception, appre- hension, capacity, intellect, rea- son, mind, intelligence. ANT. Idiocy, nescience, mi*- understanding, misconception. \ 67 1 com] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con Comprehensive. Ample, wide, inclusive, extensive, capacious, compendious. ANT. Narrow, shallow, re- stricted. Compress. Condense, squeeze, contract, epitomize, abridge. ANT. Expand, diffuse, di- late. Comprise. Include, involve, con- tain, comprehend, embrace, im- piy. ANT. Except, "bar out, omit, reject. Compromise. Adjust, arbitrate, settle; engage, pledge, commit; implicate, involve, endanger. ANT. Contend, fight; repu- diate, disallow; exonerate, ex- tricate. Compulsion. Force, coercion, constraint, control. ANT. Coaxing, persuasion, inducement. Compunction. Regret, remorse, contrition, penitence. ANT. Assurance, self-com- placency, satisfaction. Compute. Number, calculate, reckon, count; value, estimate, appraise. ANT. Guess, conjecture, sur- mise. Comrade. Companion, compeer, colleague, associate, partner, friend. ANT. Opponent; stranger, alien. Concatenation. Connection, con- tinuity; series, chain, succes- sion. ANT. Intermission, sever- ing, disconnection. Concave. Hollow, depressed, ex- cavated. ANT. Convex, protuberant, tumular. Conceal. Hide, suppress, se- crete, disguise. ANT. Reveal, expose, make manifest, lay tare, confess, pub- lish, divulge. Concede. Surrender, admit, re- sign, yield, allow. ANT. Refuse, claim, contend, contradict, deny, contest. Conceit. Notion, whim, vagary, idea, abstraction, affectation, imagination. ANT. Reality, fact, sub- stance; simplicity, humility. Conceited. Egoistical, opinion- ated, vain. ANT. Simple, unassuming, unaffected. Conceive. Imagine, apprehend, believe, design, think, under- stand. ANT. Express, produce, exe- cute. Concentrate. Convene, assemble, congregate, muster, centralize. ANT. Scatter, disperse, dis- pense, dismiss. Concern. Interest, anxiety, so- licitude; affair, matter, insti- tution. ANT. Indifference, careless- ness, disregard. Concerning. About, regarding, in relation to, respecting, in respect to, relative to, of. ANT. Disregarding, omitting. Concert. Agreement, harmony, concord, concordance, combina- tion, union, association. ANT. Opposition, disagree- ment, discord. Concession. Surrender, grant, boon, acknowledgment, admis- sion. ANT. Refusal, denial, toith- drarcal. Conciliate. Win, gain, pacify, reconcile, propitiate. ANT. Alienate, irritate, es- trnnge, lose, antagonize. Concise. Succinct, condensed, terse, pregnant, pointed, brief, short, laconic. [ 58 con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con ANT. Prolix, verbose, diffuse, discursive, rambling, pointless. Conclave. Assembly, synod, cab- inet, council, bureau. ANT. Throng, mob, populace, concourse, crowd. Conclude. Close, end, terminate, finish; decide, determine. ANT. Begin, commence, un- dertake, initiate; prolong, pro- tract, Conclusion. End, termination, finale, finis. ANT. Commencement, begin- ning, initiation. Conclusive. Final, decisive, pos- itive, definitive, indisputable. ANT. Dubious, vague, un- certain, problematical, theoret- ical, indeterminate. Concoct. Brew, prepare, com- pound, mix. ANT. Spoil, upset, overbrew. Concoction. Compound, brew, mixture; scheme, fiction. ANT. Rawness, crudity ; sim- plicity. Concomitant. Attending, coin- cident, attendant, synchronous. ANT. Antecedent; diverse, unconnected; subsequent. Concord. Harmony, agreement, friendship, unanimity, accord. ANT. Variance, animosity, discord. Concourse. Assembly, throng, crowd, mob, assemblage, gath- ering, multitude. ANT. Conclave, cabal, cabi- net; desert, solitude. Concrete. Solid, firm, compact; complex, conglomerate ; indi- vidualized, specific, particular. ANT. Loose, shifting, yield- ing, unresisting; abstract, gen- eral. doncur. Approve, harmonize, agree; help, combine, conspire. ANT. Disagree, dissent, part, differ, disapprove, separate. Concussion. Collision, encoun- ter, crash, impact, percussion. ANT. Inter-divergence; es- cape; tangency ; failure, miss- ing. Condemn. Blame, censure, de- nounce, convict, sentence, re- prove, doom. ANT. Acquit, exonerate, ab- solve, pardon, justify, praise, approve. Condense. Concentrate, abridge, shorten. ANT. Expand, amplify, en- large. Condescend. Deign, vouchsafe, stoop. ANT. Scorn, spurn, disdain. Condescension. Graciousness, fa- vor. ANT. Arrogance, haughti- ness, pride. Condign. Adequate, deserved, merited, suitable, meet, just. ANT. Unmerited, inadequate ; excessive or scant. Condiment. Sauce, seasoning, preserve, pickle, relish, appe- tizer. Condition. Situation, case, cir- cumstances, plight; rank, es- tate, grade; proviso, considera- tion, stipulation. ANT. Concession, adapta- tion; relation, dependence. Conditionally. Provided, pro- visionally, hypothetically, con- tingently. ANT. Absolutely, positively, categorically. Condole. Console, commiserate, sympathize. ANT. Congratulate, rally, ex- hilarate. Condone. Pardon, overlook, for- give. ANT. Atone, expiate, satisfy. Conduce. Subserve, promote, forward, advance, contribute to, aid. con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con. ANT. Defeat; counteract, neutralize. Conduct. Lead, direct, guide, convoy, escort; command, gov- ern; manage, regulate; rule, superintend. ANT. Mislead; mismanage; follow. Confection. Candy, cake, condi- ment, concoction, sweetmeat. Confederacy, Confederation. Alliance, league, treaty, union, coalition, federation, compact. ANT. Secession, disruption, disunion. Conference. Discourse, conver- sation, talk; interview, collo- quy, parley, consultation; con- vention, convocation, meeting. ANT. Silence; monologue; dispersion. Confess. Acknowledge, admit, disclose, own, allow, grant, con- cede, avow. ANT. Deny, conceal, repudi- ate, disavow, hide, dissemble. Confession. Admission, avowal, acknowledgment ; creed, doc- trines, tenets, catechism, sub- scription. ANT. Heresy, apostasy, pro- test, refutation, renunciation, abjuration. Confide. Trust, rely, lean, hope, depend, believe, put confidence in. ANT. Doubt, mistrust, disbe- lieve, disprove, despair of. Confident. Assured, sure, posi- tive, certain; bold, presumptu- ous, impudent, sanguine. ANT. Dubious, doubtful, un- decided, vacillating. Confidential. Intimate, secret, private; trusty, faithful. ANT. Public, patent, open; treacherous, insidious, traitor- ous. Configuration. Outline, shape, form, contour. ANT. Shapelessness, indeter- minateness; distortion, deform- ity. Confine, v. Limit, bound, im- prison, restrict, circumscribe, enclose. ANT. Widen, expand, liber- ate, unfasten, loosen, extend, dilate. Confirm. Sanction, uphold, as- sure, establish, strengthen, sub- stantiate, settle, corroborate. ANT. Shatter, weaken, up- set, annul, abrogate, cancel, de- stroy, shake. Confiscate. Forfeit, seize, es- cheat, condemn, sequestrate. ANT. Release, restore, re- fund. Conflagration. Fire, arson, ig- nition, incendiarism, combus- tion. ANT. Extinction, quenching; smoldering. Conflict. Contest, battle, strug- gle, encounter; clashing, inter- ference, disagreement, discord. ANT. Amity, reconciliation, pacification, arbitration. Conform. Agree, consent, har- monize, comply, correspond, comport. ANT. Dissent, disagree; an- tagonize, secede; vary, differ. Confound. Confuse, perplex, be- wilder, mystify; surprise, as- tonish, astound, startle; de- stroy, ruin, overwhelm; discon- cert, abash, shame. ANT. Clear, set right, ar- range, enlighten; save, protect; calm, console, soothe, restore. Confront. Oppose, threaten, en- counter, challenge, face, intimi- date. ANT. Encourage, abet, coun- tenance. Confuse. Mingle, confound; de- range, disturb, perplex, em- barrass, obscure, mortify. con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con ANT. Arrange; relieve, as- sist, allay; calm, restore. Congeal. Freeze, convert to ice, benumb. ANT. Melt, thaw, dissolve. Congenial. Kindred, similar, sympathetic, suited, natural, proper, agreeable. ANT. Disagreeable, abhor- rent, unnatural, alien, dissim- ilar, unxuited, unsympathetic. Congenital. Coeval, connatural, innate, inherent, ingenerate. ANT. Unnatural, assumed, extraneous, acquired, artificial, adventitious. Congeries, Congestion. Con- glomeration, aggregation, accu- mulation, plethora, repletion. ANT. Dissipation, diffusion, clearance, dispersion. Congratulate. Felicitate, com- pliment, rejoice with. ANT. Console, condole with, commiserate. Congregate. Assemble, collect, meet, convene, gather, throng. ANT. Disperse, disappear, separate, part, scatter. Congregation. Assembly, meet- ing, audience, conference. ANT. Dispersion, dismis- sal. Congress. Parliament, conclave, cabinet, council, assembly, legis- lature, synod, convention, con- ference. ANT. Cabal, sedition, upris- ing, mob; intrigue. Congruous. Accordant, agree- ing, harmonious, coherent, suit- able, consistent, proper, appro- priate. ANT. Discordant, heterogene- ous, inharmonious, improper, unsuitable. Conjecture, n. Supposition, sur- mise, guess, hypothesis, theory, notion, divination. ANT. Calculation, inference, deduction, proof; fact, surety, certainty, security. Conjuncture. Combination, con- currence; emergency, crisis, ex- igency, juncture. ANT. Provision, prepara- tion, arrangement. Connection. Conjunction, com- bination, union, association, de- pendence. ANT. Independence, disjuno- tion, dissociation, dissolution. Conquer. Overcome, subjugate, master, vanquish, subdue, rout, defeat, overpower, overthrow, prevail over, reduce, win, sur- mount, worst, checkmate, beat, crush, down, discomfit. ANT. Surrender, capitulate, cede, forfeit, fly, yield, retreat, withdraw, retire, submit, suc- cumb, fall, lose, resign, fail. Conquest. Victory, subjugation, triumph. ANT. Defeat, failure, surren- der, submission. Conscience. Moral sense, intui- tion, integrity, principle. ANT. Irresponsibility, lax- ity, undutifulness, unscrupu- lousness. Conscientious. Scrupulous, ex- act, upright, high-principled, honest, honorable, equitable, in- corruptible, fair, faithful. ANT. Lax, unprincipled, un- scrupulous, reprobate, dishon- orable, faithless. Conscious. Sensible, cognizant, aware, intelligent, advised, ap- prised, assured, sure, certain, informed; thinking, reflecting, rational, intellectual. ANT. Insensible, unaware, ignorant, dead, cold, deaf; ir- rational, thoughtless. Conscription. Drafting, im- pressment. ANT. Volunteering, enlist- ment. [ 81 ] con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con Consecrate. Dedicate, ordain ; sanctify, hallow. ANT. Desecrate, defile. Consecutive. Sequent, continu- ous, orderly, following. ANT. Disordered, rambling, discursive, illogical. Consent. Assent, approve, agree, yield, comply, acquiesce. ANT. Refuse, resist, decline, dissent. Consequence. Result, issue, se- quel, effect, outgrowth, event, end, upshot; importance, dig- nity, moment. ANT. Cause, occasion, ori- gin; axiom, postulate, premise, antecedence; insignificance, pal- triness. Consequential. Following, re- sulting, coherent, cogent, con- nected ; pompous, self-conceited, arrogant, vainglorious. ANT. Incoherent, illogical; affable, accessible, humble, con- siderate. Conservation. Protection, per- petuation, preservation, main- tenance. ANT. Neglect, exposure, de- struction, abolition. Conservative. Stationary, tra- ditional, opposed to change. ANT. Radical, progressive, changeable, transitional, modi- fiable, innovating. Consider. Think, ponder, medi- tate, reflect, investigate, weigh, deliberate, observe, attend, re- gard. ANT. Guess, conjecture, ig- nore, chance, hazard. Considerate. Kindly, thought- ful, reflective, careful, prudent, deliberate, serious, charitable, forbearing, cautious. ANT. Rash, careless, impru- dent, thoughtless, rude, selfish, overbearing, injudicious. Consignment. Custody, com- mission, delegation ; sending, shipping. ANT. Miscommitment. Consistency. Density, solidity, compactness, coherence; agree- ment, congruity, correspond- ence, uniformity, harmony, in- variableness. ANT. Tenuity, subtility, vol- atility; incoherence, incongru- ity, contrariety, contradiction. Console. Comfort, condole with, sympathize, encourage, soothe, assuage, solace. ANT. Distress, grieve, dis- turb, annoy, sadden, trouble, wound, hurt. Consolidate. Solidify, harden, condense, compress, compact; thicken, strengthen, solder, ce- ment, fuse; conjoin, combine. ANT. Dissolve, melt, vapor- ize, iceaken, dissipate, subli- mate, pulverize; dissect, disjoin. Conspicuous. Visible, apparent, discernible, plain, clear, percep- tible, noticeable; eminent, dis- tinguished, prominent, famous, noted, manifest. ANT. Invisible, microscopic, hidden, imperceptible, unseen; ordinary, mediocre, common- place. Conspiracy. Intrigue, treason, cabal, plot, machination, combi- nation; sedition. ANT. Legislation, congress, parliament, synod. Constant. Fixed, immutable, in- variable, unchanging, perma- nent, perpetual; resolute, firm, steady; persevering, assiduous; incessant, unbroken, continu- ous; faithful, true, loyal, de- voted. ANT. Irregular, exceptional, casual, incidental, fickle, faith- less, broken, treacherous, un- trustworthy, false. Consternation. Amazement, ter- •on] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con ror, alarm, dismay, panic, be- wilderment. ANT. Fearlessness, boldness, composure, presence of mind. Constituent. Elector, patron, voter, supporter, sender; ingre- dient, component, element. ANT. Representative, nom- inee; constitution, system, com- pound, whole. Constitution. Organization, for- mation ; quality, character, tem- perament, peculiarity, charac- teristic; charter, law. ANT. Conspiracy, rebellion, tyranny, anarchy, despotism, destruction, disorganization; disposition, mood, frame of mind, temper. Construct. Build, erect, invent, form, shape, combine. ANT. Demolish, overthrow, destroy, derange. Construction. Building, erec- tion, composition, fabrication; structure, formation, form, fig- ure; explanation, version, ren- dering, interpretation. ANT. Dislocation, dismem- berment, dissolution; misunder- standing, misconception. Consult. Deliberate, take coun- sel, confer, advise with, can- vass, question, consider, regard. ANT. Dictate, counteract, contradict. Consume. Eat up, devour; de- stroy, lavish, dissipate, waste, spend. ANT. Discard, reject, throw aside; preserve, replenish, sup- ply, provide. Consummate, a. Perfect, excel- lent, supreme, finished, com- plete. ANT. Common, faulty, defec- tive, ordinary/, mediocre. Consummation. Achievement, attainment, completion, termi- nation, accomplishment, fulfil- ment, realization, close, finish, finale. ANT. Beginning, attempt, in- ception, initiation, source, ori- gin. Consumption. Expenditure, use, waste, extinction, destruction. ANT. Development, increase, growth, enlargement, augmen- tation. Contact. Touch, junction, con- tiguity, closeness, union. ANT. Adjacence, proximity; separation, distance, isolation. Contagion. Infection; contami- nation, taint, pestilence, cor- ruption. ANT. Prevention; antisepsis, disinfection. Contain. Include, embody, com- prehend, comprise, embrace; re- strain, hold. ANT. Omit, exclude, drop, discharge; yield, give way. Contaminate. Taint, defile, cor- rupt, sully. ANT. Cleanse, purify. Contemn. Despise, scorn, dis- dain, slight. ANT. Venerate, respect. Contemplate. Meditate, study, ponder, survey, reflect; intend, design. ANT. Overlook, waive, aban- don; execute, complete, do. Contemptible. Despicable, ab- ject, base, worthless, mean, low. ANT. Respectable, venerable; worthy, estimable, important, grave. Contend. Strive, fight, struggle, combat; debate, argue, dispute; affirm, assert, maintain, claim. ANT. Concede, allow, sur- render. Content. Satisfied, pleased, easy, willing, resigned, gratified. ANT. Reluctant, unwilling, unsatisfied, rebellious, discon- tent. [ 63 J •on] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con Contention. Strife, dissension, quarrel, rupture, dispute, de- bate, controversy, altercation. ANT. Peace, amity, harmony, concord, reconciliation. Contingent, a. Casual, happen- ing, fortuitous, dependent, inci- dental, provisional, uncertain. ANT. Independent, absolute, positive, uncontrolled, uninflu- enced, unaffected. Continual. Incessant, ceaseless, invariable, perpetual, constant, uninterrupted, unbroken, unre- mitting, continuous. ANT. Exceptional, irregular, casual, contingent, intermittent, interrupted, suspended. Continually. Constantly, per- petually, ever, always, repeat- edly, frequently, continuously. ANT. Occasionally, rarely, sometimes. Continue. Remain, endure, per- sist; abide, stay, tarry; perse- vere, be constant or steadfast. ANT. Stop, cease, fail, pause. Contract, n. Compact, stipula- tion, agreement, arrangement, bargain, covenant, pact, obli- gation, pledge, engagement, bond. ANT. Promise, parole, assur- anoe, understanding, assump- tion. Contract, v. Narrow, abbreviate, abridge, lessen, reduce, com- press; shrivel, shrink; agree, stipulate, bargain. ANT. Expand, amplify, di- late; reverse, cancel, abandon. Contradict. Deny, gainsay, dis- pute, impugn, controvert; op- pose, counteract, annul, thwart, abrogate. ANT. Maintain, argue, con- firm, state, affirm, endorse. Contrary. Opposite, opposed, ad- verse, counter; conflicting, con- tradictory, antagonistic, repug- nant ; perverse, obstinate, stub- born, headstrong. ANT. Compatible, agreeing, kindred, compliant, submissive; consistent. Contrast, v. Differentiate, dis- criminate, oppose, compare. ANT. Resemble, be like or similar, liken, harmonize. Contribute. Add, give, coSper- ate, assist, subscribe, supply. ANT. Refuse, icithhold, deny. Contribution. Donation, offer- ing, gift, subscription, subsidy, aid, assistance. ANT. Withholding, retention, reservation. Contrive. Plan, design, devise, invent, project, form, frame, scheme, plot, consider; manage, make out; concert, adjust. ANT. Bit, chance, venture, bungle, hazard; mismanage, miscontrive. Control, v. Direct, manage, rule, command, sway, superintend; hinder, repress, restrain, curb, check. ANT. License, free; neglect, abandon; mismanage, miscon- duct. Controversy. Dispute, alterca- tion, contention, disagreement. ANT. Agreement, unanimity, coincidence. Contumacy. Obstinacy, stub- bornness, perverseness, perti- nacity, obduracy; disobedience, insolence. ANT. Docility, tractableness, flattering, fawning, servility. Contumely. Obloquy, reproach, opprobrium, insolence, abuse, contempt, scorn, disdain, arro- gance. AXT. Regard, considerations adulation, obsequiousness. Convene. Assemble, meet, con- gregate, summon, master, col- lect. r 34 \ con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [coo ANT. Dismiss, disperse, dis- band, dissipate. Convenient. Suitable, fit, ap- propriate, proper, adapted; ad- vantageous, commodious, com- fortable, useful, serviceable. ANT. Inconvenient, useless, awkicard, superfluous; inop- portune. Convention. Assemblage, con- ference, meeting, concourse, ses- sion, synod, congress, convoca- tion; treaty, compact. ANT. Recess, dissolution, prorogation; dispersion, scat- tering; promise, understand- ing, parole. Conventional. Usual, custom- ary, ordinary, habitual, regu- lar, wonted, prevalent, social, everyday; stipulated. ANT. Unusual, erratic, ex- traordinary; legal, compulsory. Conversant. Familiar, skilled, acquainted, proficient, versed. ANT. Strange, ignorant, un- versed, unlearned. Conversation. Converse, com- munion, intercourse, parley, talk, chat, conference, com- munication, discourse, colloquy, dialogue. ANT. Speech, oration, ha- rangue, soliloquy, apostrophe, monologue, silenoe, tacitur- nity. Converse, a. Opposite, reverse, contrary, counter, contradic- tory. ANT. Identical, one, same, indistinguishable; direct, pri- mary. Conversion. Alteration, trans- mutation, change, transforma- tion. ANT. Permanence, identity, persistence, conservation. Convertible. Equivalent, inter- changeable, identical ; revers- ible. I e ANT. Variant, contrary, in- commensurate. Convey. Take, transfer, move, change, carry, shift, transmit, transport, remove, consign, rele- gate. ANT. Retain, preserve, hold, cling to, possess. Conviction. Belief, assurance, persuasion ; confutation, refu- tation; proof, detection. ANT. Doubt, disbelief, mis- giving; vindication, justifies tion. Convince. Persuade, satisfy, en- lighten, indoctrinate, inoculate. ANT. Mislead, mystify, per- plex, puzzle, unsettle, upset; turn, convert. Convivial. Social, festive, hoa- pitable, jovial, jolly, compan- ionable, gay. AXT. Inhospitable, unsocial, unneighborly, churlish; abste- mious, ascetic, austere. Convocation. Convention, con- gress, assemblage, council, synod. ANT. Dispersion, disruption, dismission, dismissal. Convolution. Coil, involution, spiral, twist, contortion. ANT. Unfolding, evolution, unraveling, explication. Convoy. Escort, guard, attend- ance, protection. ANT. Capture, betrayal, on~ set, onslaught, hold-up. Convulse. Disturb, shake, agi- tate. ANT. Calm, compose, soothe, assuage. Cool. Somewhat cold, chilling, frigid, freezing; unimpassioned, composed, collected, unruffled, self-possessed, sedate, placid, quiet; indifferent, unconcerned, apathetic. ANT. Hot, uxirm, burning, heated, excitable, ardent, eager. coo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cor Cooperate. Assist, abet, help, conspire, concur, colabor. ANT. Oppose, thicart, rival, counteract, conflict, hinder, de- feat, frustrate. Coordinate. Equal, equivalent, proportionate, commensurate, tantamount, equipollent. ANT. Subordinate; dispar- ate, extraneous; inferior, supe- rior, Copy. Portraiture, facsimile, du- plicate, imitation, likeness, im- age, transcript, counterfeit. ANT. Model, original, pat- tern, example, prototype, arche- type, exemplar. Cordial. Earnest, warm, hearty, ardent, affectionate, sincere, in- vigorating, refreshing, pleasing, grateful. ANT. Cool, formal, ceremoni- ous, distant, reserved, disin- clined. Corner. Angle, bend, crotch, knee; nook, recess, niche, re- treat. ANT. Abutment, protrusion, prominence, convexity, projec- tion. Corollary. Inference, conclusion, deduction, consequence. ANT. Problem, proposition. Corporal, Corporeal. Fleshly, bodily, material, physical. ANT. Spiritual, mental, in- tellectual, moral, ethereal, im- material. Corps. Body of troops, division of army, squadron, band, com- pany. ANT. Aggregate, army, host, mass, force, organization. Corpse. Remains, dead body, ca- daver, carcass, dust. ANT. Soul, spirit, individual, personality, mentality. Corpulent. Fat, fleshy, plump, obese, portly, round, stout. ANT. Lean, thin, attenu- ated, emaciated, slight, slender, frail. Correct. True, exact, accurate, proper, faultless, right. ANT. False, untrue, wrong, inexact, inaccurate, fallacious, defective. Corrective. Regulative, preven- tive, alterative, preservative, rectifying, modifying, improv- ing, reformatory. ANT. Confirmative, stimula- tive, intensltive, provocative, conducive. Correlation. Interrelation, cor- respondence, apposition, inter- dependence, mutuality, recipro- cation, interchange, reciprocity. ANT. Contradiction, inde- pendence, opposition, inconsis- tency, incongruity. Correspond. Agree, suit, match, fit, tally, harmonize, answer, correlate, stand counter; com- municate, write. ANT. Vary, disagree, clash, jar; ignore, disregard, neglect. Correspondence. Adaptation, agreement, congruity; writing, letter, despatches, communica- tion. ANT. Conversation; with- draioal, non-intercourse; incon- gruity, discord, disagreement. Corroborate. Strengthen, estab- lish, sustain, support, confirm. ANT. Weaken, confute, re- but, invalidate, shake, enfeeble, overthrow. Corrode. Consume, eat away, waste, impair, rust, canker, wear, crumble. ANT. Renew, restore. Corrupt, v. Defile, pollute, in- fect, taint, vitiate, demoralize, contaminate, debase, spoil, de- teriorate. ANT. Cleanse, purify, better, correct, ameliorate. Corruption. Decay, decomposi- [ 66 ] «os] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con tion, pollution, defilement, in- fection, contamination, adulter- ation; depravity, immorality, laxity, wickedness; dishonesty, bribery. Cost. Price, worth, expenditure, expense, charge, disbursement, outlay; preciousness, richness, splendor; loss, damage, pain. Costume. Dress, livery, robes, uniform. ANT. Disguise, incognito; nudity, nakedness. Council. Cabinet, bureau, cham- ber, conclave, synod, convoca- tion, meeting, conference, par- liament, consultation, conven- tion. ANT. Cabal, league, conspir- acy; multitude, mob. Counsel. Advice, consultation, opinion, suggestion, recommen- dation, instruction, caution, ad- monition ; deliberation, fore- thought; plan, design, scheme; purpose; lawyer, barrister, at- torney. Count. Compute, reckon, add, tell, estimate, number, enumer- ate, sum, calculate. ANT. Guess, conjecture, sur- mise, think, fancy. Countenance, v. Approve, sup- port, sanction, help, aid, abet, encourage, patronize, befriend, assist, favor. ANT. Oppose, confront, dis- courage, browbeat, face, com- pare, disparage. Counter. Contrary, opposed, op- posite, against. ANT. Accordant toith, co- incident, consonant. Counteract. Oppose, foil, baffle, thwart, hinder, rival, resist, de- feat, cross, frustrate, neutral- ize. ANT. Aid, cooperate, sub- serve, promote, advance, assist. Counterfeit, n. Forgery, fraudu- lent copy, cheat, artifice, pre- tense, sham, fabrication. ANT. Exposure, detection) verity, fact, truth, reality. Countermand. Abrogate, annul, revoke, rescind, recall, make void. ANT. Order, command, bid, charge, enjoin, direct, instruct. Counterpart. Duplicate, copy; correlative, complement, supple- ment, obverse; match, mate, tally, twin. ANT. Antithesis, contradic- tion, contrast. Countervail. Balance, compen- sate, make up, counterbalance, offset. ANT. Overthrow, unbalance, weigh dou>n. Countryman. Rustic, agricul- turist, farmer, swain, yeoman, laborer, peasant, husbandman; clown, boor. ANT. Citizen, townsman; alien. Couple, v. Link, unite, connect, join, clasp, tie, yoke, buckle, pair, splice, button; marry, wed. ANT. Loose, part, separate, detach, isolate, unclasp; di- vorce. Courage. Bravery, valor, fear- lessness, spirit, heroism, forti- tude, hardihood, boldness, dar- ing, mettle, pluck, resolution, intrepidity. ANT. Cowardice, timidity, fear, dread, terror, dismay, con- sternation. Course. Route, way, road, track, race; direction, bearing, prog- ress, process; career; succes- sion, order, regularity; deport- ment, conduct; series, system. ANT. Deviation; disorder, discursion ; hindrance, error. Court, v. Woo, flatter, seek, in- vite, solicit. r 67 ] eou] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS ANT. Avoid, shun, repudiate, repel, antagonize. Courtesy. Politeness, affability, urbanity, civility, complaisance. ANT. Rudeness, incivility, churlishness, ungraciousness. Courtly. Polished, elegant, JXH. lite, ceremonious, formal, re- spectful. ANT. Undignified, unrefined, coarse, awkward, boorish, ple- beian. Covenant. Agreement, stipula- tion, bond, compact, contract, bargain, arrangement, concor- dant, pact, treaty. ANT. Promise, understand- ing, assurance, parole. Cover, v. Hide, conceal, over- spread, overlay, secrete, cloak, veil, screen, mask, shroud, dis- guise; invest, clothe, wrap; protect, shelter, shield, guard, defend; comprehend, comprise, embrace; balance, compensate, countervail. ANT. Expose, reveal, pro- duce, exhibit; betray, divulge; omit, exclude. Covet. Desire, long for, wish for, aim after, aspire to. ANT. Dislike, despise; un- dervalue, Covetous. Eager, avaricious, desirous, greedy, grasping, ac- quisitive, rapacious. ANT. Liberal, unselfish, gen- erous, bountiful. Coward. Craven, recreant, das- tard. ANT. Hero, champion; dare- devil, desperado. Coy. Bashful, shy, modest, re- served, retreating, shrinking. ANT. Bold, forward, imper- tinent, pert, brazen, flippant. Crack. Split, break, chop, rend, cleave, snap ; craze, madden. ANT. Mend, unite, repair; restore, heal. Craft. Skill, ability, power, tal- ent, dexterity, aptitude, tact; artifice, shrewdness, guile, de- ception, cunning, deceit; ai% trade, employment, vocation, calling; vessel. ANT. Inaptitude, tactless- ness; fairness, openness, can- dor, sincerity, frankness, in- genuousness, straightforward' ness. Cramp. Restrain, hinder, check, confine, hamper, clog, fetter, cripple. ANT. Free, liberate, loose, expand, ease, relieve, extricate. Crash. Jar, uproar, clash, rend- ing, noise, clang, resonance. ANT. Murmur, whisper; si- lence. Crassitude. Crossness, thick- ness, density, corpulence, obes- ity. ANT. Tenuity, agility, oo tivity; spareness, slightness. Crave. Intreat, beg, beseech, im- plore, supplicate, desire, long for, hunger for, yearn. ANT. Demand, insist, re- quire. Crazy. Shattered, broken, tot- tering; distracted, mad, luna- tic, insane, delirious, cracked, demented, deranged. ANT. Sound, robust, vigor- ous, sane, whole. Create. Form, produce, make, originate, cause, occasion, ap- point, constitute; beget, engen- der, generate; imagine, com- pose, fashion, design. ANT. Destroy, demolish, an- nihilate. Creature. Created being, being, animal, man, person ; depend- ent, vassal, parasite; wretch, miscreant. ANT. Chimera, ghost, hallu- cination, fantasy, phantom, con- ceit, crotchet. 68 ere] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cro Credence. Belief, trust, faith, acceptance, confidence, reliance. ANT. Denial, distrust, dis- belief, doubt, skepticism. Credentials. Diploma, missive, title, warrant, vouchers, certi- ficates, testimonials. Credible. Probable, possible, re- liable, trustworthy, likely. ANT. Improbable, unlikely, incredible, unreliable, untrust- worthy. Credit. Trust, belief, faith, con- fidence, credence, reliance; rep- utation, influence, power; es- teem, regard; loan, securities. ANT. Insecurity; distrust; shame, disgrace, censure. Credulity. Gullibility, credu- lousness, simplicity. ANT. Skepticism, suspicious- ness, incredulity, shrewdness. Creed. Belief, catechism, con- fession, articles of faith, tenets, dogmas, doctrines. ANT. Protest, abjuration, disbelief, recantation, retrac- tion. Crestfallen. Downcast, dispir- ited, dejected, disheartened, de- pressed, desponding, low-spir- ited, down-hearted. ANT. Exuberant, elated, con- fident, inspirited. Crew. Gang, set, band, horde, crowd, mob, throng. ANT. Supercargo; bevy, ga- laxy, cream, elite. Crime. Offense, misdeed, wrong, felony, sin, iniquity, misde- meanor, enormity, transgres- sion, wickedness, delinquency. ANT. Good deed, well-doing, exploit, achievement, duty, ser- vice, Benefit, benefaction, hero- ism. Criminal, a. Immoral, iniqui- tous, sinful, unlawful, wicked, wrong, vile, nefarious, culpable, abominable, illegal, vicious. ANT. Virtuous, moral, inno- cent, just, honorable, praise- worthy, lawful, legal, right, meritorious. Criminate.^ Charge, accuse, ar- raign, impeach. ANT. Acquit, absolve, extri- cate. Cripple, v. Weaken, disable, im- pair, break down, cramp, cur- tail. ANT. Renovate, strengthen, augment, liberate, ease, expe- dite. Criterion. Standard, test, rule, touchstone, measure, canon, proof. ANT. Eye, glance; intention, conjecture. Critic. Judge, censor, reviewer, connoisseur ; caviller, carper ; arbiter, savant. ANT. Artist, author, writer, performer, maker, poet, com- poser. Critical. Accurate, nice, exact; decisive, crucial, determining, important; dangerous, hazard- ous, imminent, momentous, du- bious, precarious. ANT. Inexact, loose, und>is- criminating; unimportant, in- conclusive; safe, sure, settled, decided, retrieved, redressed. Criticism. Censure, stricture, animadversion, review, critique. ANT. Approbation, praise, approval. Criticize. Examine, estimate, judge, discuss, analyze, anato- mize, scan, animadvert. ANT. Survey, overlook, slur, skim, slight, neglect. Crooked. Bent, curved, bowed; distorted, twisted, wry, askew, deformed, disfigured; perverse, contumacious, capricious; dis- honest, unfair, unscrupulous, knavish, deceitful, tricky. ANT. Straight, linear, wp~ [ 69 cro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cur right, direct, honest, straight- forward. Cross. Fretful, petulant, peev- ish, snappish, touchy, morose, ill-natured, sullen, snarling, cynical, sour, out of humor, captious, crabbed, sulky. ANT. Amiable, genial, good- tempered, good-natured, blithe- some, charming, winsome, at- tractive, benign. Crowd. Throng, multitude, con- course, press, horde, herd, host, rabble, mob, populace. ANT. Cream, elite, bevy, con- stellation, galaxy; solitude, solitariness. Crown, n. Diadem, coronet, gar- land, chaplet, wreath, laurel, bays; reward, honor, distinc- tion, dignity; summit, crest, top, head, brow, apex. ANT. Base, bottom, floor, foot, pedestal, foundation, sole; infamy, shame. Crown, v. Complete, consum- mate, conclude, seal, achieve, accomplish. ANT. Mar, spoil, frustrate, fail. Crucial. Severe, trying, search- ing, decisive, critical, momen- tous, strategic. ANT. Superficial, indifferent, mild, lenient, lax, unimpor- tant. Crude. Raw, immature, unripe; coarse, unrefined; undigested, unconsidered, unpolished, un- couth, awkward. ANT. Mature; refined, sensi- tive; well-considered, finished, classical, highly wrought, elab- orate. Cruel. Inhuman, merciless, un- feeling, dire, ruthless, pitiless, relentless, savage, brutal, fero- cious, blood-thirsty, sangui- nary; severe, sharp, bitter, hard. ANT. Gentle, mild, merciful, Jiumane, forbearing, generous. Crush. Pound, crumble, demol- ish, overpower, squeeze, com- press, bruise, shatter, raze, pul- verize. ANT. Consolidate, compact, amalgamate, solidify, stabili- tate. Culmination. Zenith, success, consummation, acme, comple- tion, apex. ANT. Failure, downfall, de~ feat, descent, decline. Culpable. Blameworthy, blam- able, censurable, reprehensible, faulty, wrong. ANT. Innocent, blameless, laudable, praiseworthy. Culprit. Criminal, delinquent, felon, malefactor, offender. ANT. Hero, example, pat- tern, model, saint, upright man. Cultivate. Till; fertilize; im- prove, refine, train, discipline, develop; study, pursue, inves- tigate; nourish, foster, cherish, promote. ANT. Neglect, blight, blast; uproot, eradicate, extirpate; stifle, abandon, prevent, dis- courage. Cunning. Craft, artifice, deceit, intrigue, subtlety, chicane. ANT. Candor, guilelessness, sincerity. Cupidity. Longing, greed, lust; covetousness, avarice, acquisi- tiveness, stinginess. ANT. Prodigality, liberality, generosity, extravagance. Curb. Restrain, check, control, repress, bridle. ANT. Indulge, emancipate, loose, release, free, liberate. Cure, n. Remedy, antidote, re- storative, corrective, help, spe- cific; healing, restoration, con- valescence, alleviation, renova- tion. [ 70 ] cur] [dar ANT. Complaint, contagion, disease, ailment; aggravation, confirmation; inoculation. Curiosity. Inquisitiveness, won- der, marvel, rarity, celebrity; inquiry, investigation, scrutiny, research. ANT. Indifference, heedless- ness, disregard, abstraction; apathy. Curious. Prying, meddling, in- quisitive, searching, scrutiniz- ing; rare, singular, strange; elegant, finished. ANT. Indifferent, uninter- ested; trite, common, usual. Current. Common, general, prev- alent, present, floating, popular, ordinary, vulgar. ANT. Obsolete, rejected, ex- ploded; private, secret; con- fined. Curse, n. Execration, maledic- tion, anathema, denunciation; scourge, plague, torment, afflic- tion, trouble ; imprecation, ban, oath. ANT. Blessing, benediction, joy, crown; prosperity, welfare, luck, success. Cursory. Hasty, superficial, de- sultory, careless, slight, rapid. A XT. Elaborate, searching, nte, profound. Custody. Care, keeping, protec- tion; confinement, duress, im- prisonment. ANT. Neglect, betrayal, ex- posure, desertion; liberation, discharge. Custom. Usage, habit, fashion, practice, rule; form, formality, observance; patronage; duty, tax. ANT. Law, regulation, com- mand; disuse, non-observance, desuetude. Cutting. Sharp, keen; sarcas- tic, severe, satirical, wounding, piercing, trenchant, stinging, sardonic, cruel. ANT. Mild, soothing, flatter- ing, indulgent, consoling, grati- fying. Cynical. Censorious, churlish, carping, cross, peevish ; deri- sive, contemptuous, scornful, pessimistic, misanthropic. ANT. Genial, lenient; opti- mistic, philanthropic. Dainty. Exquisite, choice, rare, refined ; savory, palatable, de- licious, toothsome, tasty, epi- curean; fastidious, luxurious. ANT. Common, dirty, vul- gar, coarse, defiled, nasty, foul, filthy . Damage. Hurt, injury, detri- ment, loss, mischief, impair- ment. ANT. Benefit, compensation, advantage, blessing, reparation. Danger. Peril, risk, hazard, ven- ture, insecurity, liability, jeop- ardy. ANT. Safety, security, pre- caution, defense. Daring. Adventurous, fearless, risky, brave, courageous, daunt- less, intrepid, valorous. ANT. Cautious, timid, wary, fearful. Dark. Black, swarthy, opaque, obscure, shadowy, lurid, sun- less, murky, cloudy, overcast, ebon, pitchy, secret; mysteri- ous, enigmatical, unintelligible, occult, abstruse; gloomy, dis- heartening, cheerless, dismal ; ignorant, rude, untaught, be- t 71 ] dar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [deb flighted; wicked, foul, horrible, damnable, vile, artocious, infer- nal; joyless, mournful, sad, sor- rowful. ANT. White, fair, light, ra- diant, bright, clear, buoyant, plain, brilliant, glaring, crys- talline, transparent, dazzling, luminous, illumed; happy, joy- ful, festive. Darling. Sweetheart, love, pet, favorite, idol, dear. Dash. Strike, hurl, cast, throw, drive, send, speed, dart; alloy, adulterate ; suffuse, overspread, color; disappoint, ruin, frus- trate; surprise, abash. ANT. Raise, erect, reinstate ; creep, crawl; fulfil, realize, ef- fect. Dastard. Coward, craven, recre- ant. ANT. Hero, champion; dare- devil. Data. Facts, basis, grounds, pos- tulates, premises, given condi- tions. ANT. Conjectures, assump- tions, inferences, deductions. Date. Time, era, epoch, period, age. ANT. Non-duration; eternity. Daub. Smear, plaster, sully, be- grime, soil, deface, defile. ANT. Embellish, decorate; cleanse, whiten. Daunt. Terrify, alarm, intimi- date, appal, frighten off, tame. ANT. Rally, inspirit, encour- age. Dauntless. Valiant, fearless, in- trepid, bold, indomitable, un- conquerable, valorous, chival- rous, heroic, brave, daring. ANT. Cowardly, timid, cau- tious, fearful, afraid, faint- hearted, shrinking. Dawn. Appear, begin, open; break, grow light, rise. AKT. Wane, set, *tnfc, close. Dazzle. Daze, blind; astonish, surprise, overpower, bewilder, confuse. ANT. Enlighten, illumine, il- luminate ; make clear, instruct. Dead. Lifeless, breathless, inan- imate; deceased, defunct, de- parted; dull, cold, frigid, inert, indifferent ; tasteless, insipid, flat; insensible, heavy, uncon- scious, spiritless, still, torpid. ANT. Quick, live, living, ani- mate, alive, stirring, vivacious. Deadly. Mortal, fatal, destruc- tive, noxious, murderous, malig- nant, pernicious, baneful, ven- omous. ANT. Vital, wholesome, life- giving. Deaf. Hard of hearing; dull, in- sensible, heedless ; inexorable, averse, disinclined; inaudible. ANT. Acute, listening, atten- tive, willing, susceptible. Deal. Bargain, chaffer, trade, traffic, do business; distribute, allot, divide, share, mete out. ANT. Close, stop, fail; col- lect, gather, glean, muster. Dear. Costly, high-priced, expen- sive, precious; beloved, valued. ANT. Cheap, common, inex- pensive; hated, abhorred. Dearth. Lack, want, scarcity, poverty. ANT. Plenty, abundance, lux- ury. Death. Decease, dying, dissolu- tion, departure, exit, expiration. ANT. Life, birth, rise, vital- ity, growth, activity. Debar. Exclude, bar out, stop, prevent, prohibit, restrain, hin- der. ANT. Admit, enclose, em- brace; allow, indulge, permit, entitle. Debase. Degrade, deprave, cor- rupt, alloy, deteriorate, lower, imcair. I 72 J| deb] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dee ANT. Raise, enhance, exalt, honor, purify, improve, amelio- rate. Debate, n. Discussion, dispute, controversy, contention, alter- cation, contest. ANT. Compliance, surrender, withdrawal of opposition. Debatable. Dubious, doubtful, uncertain, disputable, proble- matical. ANT. Sure, certain, incon- testable, self-evident. Debauch. Seduce, corrupt, viti- ate, defile. ANT. Purify, elevate. Debility. Infirmity, weakness, languor, exhaustion, feebleness. ANT. Vigor, strength, nerve, energy, tone, vitality. Debt. Liability, obligation, de- fault, claim, score. ANT. Liquidation, assets, ac- commodation, credit. Debtor. Borrower, mortgagor. ANT. Creditor, lender, mort- gagee. Decay, v. Corrupt, putrefy, de- compose, rot, spoil, molder, wither, perish. ANT. Flourish, luxuriate, ex- pand, vegetate, grow, increase. Deceit. Fraud, deception, cheat- ing, artifice, imposition, guile. ANT. Honesty, openness, fair dealing, frankness, truth, ver- ity. Deceive. Cheat, dupe, delude, be- guile, fool, trick, impose upon, disappoint, mislead, circum- vent, entrap. ANT. Enlighten, guide, dis- abuse, deliver. Deception. Craft, cunning, ly- ing, fraud, hypocrisy, trickery, delusion, duplicity, deceitful- ness, falsehood, prevarication. ANT. Candor, honesty, sin- cerity, truth, veracity, guile- le«smtss, frankness, simplicity. Decide. Determine, settle, con- clude, close, terminate, end, re- solve. ANT. Waver, hesitate, vacil- late, fluctuate, be irresolute. Decipher. Reveal, explain, un- ravel, unfold. ANT. Puzzle, mystify. Decision. Determination, sen* tence, conclusion, judgment; firmness, resolution. ANT. Vacillation, vaguene89t uncertainty. Decisive. Conclusive, positive, final, definitive, indisputable. ANT. Vague, hypothetical^ indeterminate, dubious, prob- lematical. Deck. Adorn, dress, ornament. ANT. Btrip, despoil; deform, deface. Declaim. Recite, speak, debate, harangue. ANT. Study, compose, elab- orate. Declamation. Harangue, effu- sion, debate, oratory, elocution. ANT. Hesitation, stammer' ing. Declaration. Assertion, affir- mation, avowal ; publication, proclamation, official announce- ment. ANT. Denial; concealment; recantation, disavowal, retrao- tion. Declare. Announce, publish, ad- vertise, reveal, proclaim. ANT. Suppress, unthhold, conceal. Decline. Fall, decay, decadence, degeneration ; refusal, rejeo- tion, repudiation. ANT. Rise, advancement, im- provement; acceptance. Declivity. Fall, slope, descent. ANT. Ascent, rise. Decoction. Concoction, mixture, mess. ANT. Rawness, crudity. [ 73 ] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [def Decompose. Analyze, dissolve, resolve; decay, putrefy, become corrupt. ANT. Compound, mix, organ- ise, compose. Decorate. Adorn, embellish, im- prove. ANT. Spoil, mar, denude, de- face. Decorum. Dignity, order, pro- priety, seemliness. ANT. Disorder, disturbance, unseemliness. Decrease. Lessen, diminish, sub- side, want, dwindle, curtail, re- trench, reduce, loAver. ANT. Increase, grow, aug- ment, expand. Decree. Decision, determination, law, edict, mandate, manifesto. ANT. Suggestion, request, hint. Decrepit. Weak, infirm, totter- ing, aged. ANT. Strong, youthful. Decry. Disparage, detract, de- preciate, denounce, abase, tra- duce. ANT. Extol, praise, eulogize, laud. Dedicate. Devote, hallow, sanc- tify, consecrate; address, in- scribe; assign, apply, set apart. ANT. Desecrate, misuse, ali- enate. Deduce. Infer, draw, derive, con- clude. ANT. Induce, state, conjec- ture, guess, anticipate, fore- see. Deed. Performance, act, action, exploit; reality, fact, truth; document, instrument. ANT. Omission, failure, in- validation, reversal, recall; un- doing. Deep. Profound; difficult, mys- terious, hard, intricate ; pene- trating, sagacious, astute, in- telligent, discerning, shrewd ; heartfelt, intense, thorough. ANT. Shallow; superficial, artless, undcsigning; indiffer- ent. Default. Neglect, failure, omis- sion; want, destitution, lack; lapse, forfeit, delinquency, ab- sence. ANT. Satisfaction; appear- ance, plea; maintenance, sup- ply; presence. Defeat. Overthrow, frustration, discomfiture. ANT. Success, triumph, vic- tory. Defect. Fault, flaw, imperfec- tion; omission, want, shortcom- ing. ANT. Emendation, perfec- tion; supply, sufficiency. Defense. Apology, justification, vindication; shelter, shield, protection, guard, resistance, rampart, fortress, safeguard, bulwark. A>'T. Surrender, betrayal, ex- posure, hazard; challenge. Defer. Delay, postpone, procras- tinate, adjourn, put off; yield to, respect. ANT. Hasten, hurry, expe- dite, quicken, overdrive; slight, disregard. Deference. Respect, considera- tion, esteem, veneration, hom- age. ANT. Disrespect, contumely, impudence, defiance, disobedi- ence. Defile. Contaminate, spoil, pol- lute, vitiate, infect, taint, be- foul. ANT. Purify, cleanse, disin- fect, uxish, hallow, sanctify. Definition. Description, exposi- tion, comment, explanation, in- terpretation, rendering, trans- lation. ANT. Misstatement. Deformity. Ugliness, malforma- [ 74 def] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [del tion, distortion, disfigurement, abnormity, hideousness. ANT. Grace, beauty, regu- larity, symmetry. Defrayment. Payment, settle- ment, liquidation, discharge. ANT. Failure, insolvency, re- pudiation, embezzlement, non- payment. Defy. Challenge, dare, provoke, scorn, brave. ANT. Dread, cower, shrink, shun. Degeneracy. Degradation, dete- rioration, growing worse, decay, decline ; inferiority, meanness. ANT. Improvement, advance- ment. Degree. Grade, rank, step, sta- tion, stage, quality, standing; measure, interval, space. ANT. Mass, magnitude, size, numbers. Dejected. Disheartened, discour- aged, depressed, downcast, des- pondent, gloomy, melancholy, low-spirited. ANT. Cheerful, elated, gay, blithe, inspirited, joyous, jovial, merry. Delay. Postponement, procrasti- nation ; hindrance, impediment. ANT. Hurry, despatch, quick- ening, urgency ; assistance, fur- therance. Delegate, n. Substitute, proxy, representative, legate, deputy. Delegate, v. Depute, commis- sion, appoint, empower, consti- tute, ordain. ANT. Relegate, recall, super- sede, remove. Deleterious. Destructive, nox- ious, deadly, poisonous; hurt- ful, harmful, injurious, perni- cious, unwholesome. ANT. Wholesome, healthy, beneficial, sanitary, salubrious, nutritious. Deliberate, v. Meditate, ponder, debate, confer, consider, reflect, consult, weigh, cogitate. ANT. Shelve, dismiss, dis- card, put aside; hazard, cluince, risk. Deliberate, a. Cautious, care- ful, wary; well-advised, pur- posed, studied; slow, leisurely; intentional, earnest, unbiased. ANT. Facetious, playful; ir- resolute, hesitant, faltering, va- cillating ;impulsive,rash,hasty ; prejudiced. Delicacy. Dainty, morsel, tid- bit, relish; refinement, luxury, nicety, elegance; frailty, weak- ness ; fastidiousness, scrupu- lousness; purity, sensibility. ANT. "Necessaries, commons, fare; coarseness, roughness, rudeness; vigor, strength; gross- ness. Delicious. Dainty, savory, de- lightful, luscious, exquisite. ANT. Nauseous, repulsive, bitter, loathsome, unpalatable, acrid. Delight. Joy, gladness, charm, rapture, transport, satisfaction, pleasure, ecstasy, happiness, en- joyment, bliss. ANT. Pain, suffering, sorrow, misery, discomfort, dejection, melancholy, discontent, trouble, distress, depression. Delightful. Agreeable, congen- ial, grateful, pleasant, refresh- ing, welcome, satisfying, deli- cious, acceptable, pleasurable. ANT. Miserable, depressing, disappointing, horrible, melan- choly, painful, woful, wretched, mournful, saddening. Delineate. Describe, figure, rep- resent, sketch, draw, portray, depict, paint. ANT. Caricature, misrepre- sent, exaggerate. Delinquent. Offender, culprit, criminal, miscreant, malefactor. [ 75 ] del] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dep ANT. Worthy, model, para- gon, pattern, beau ideal. Deliver. Free, liberate, release; save, rescue; give, hand over, transfer; yield, grant, resign, surrender; pronounce, declare, speak; discharge, deal. ANT. Confine, capture; sup- press, retain; withdraio, be- tray; appropriate. Deluge. Inundation, flood, over- flow, rush, cataclysm. ANT. Drought, dearth, arid- ity; mist, moisture; subsidence, ebb, abatement. Delusion. Error, fallacy, illu- sion, hallucination, trick, snare, fraud, deception, imposture. ANT. Fact, certainty, verity, actuality, truth, reality. Demand. Require, ask, call for, insist, exact, challenge. ANT. Request, petition, sup- plicate; disclaim, forego, waive. Demarcation. Outline, sketch, limit, boundary, division, en- closure, separation, distinc- tion. ANT. Openness, space, ex- panse, extent. Demean. Behave, comport, act, conduct one's self. ANT. Misbehave. Demerit. Fault, delinquency, misdeed, failure. ANT. Credit, merit, worth, excellence, desert. Democratic. Popular, representa- tive, republican, radical. ANT. Imperial, aristocratic, regal, oligarchical, autocratic, despotic, tyrannical, constitu- tional, conservative. Demolish. Overthrow, destroy, overturn, raze, ruin. ANT. Restore, repair; build, construct, make. Demonstration. Exhibition, ex- emplification ; manifestation, il- lustration ; evidence, proof, cer- tainty, conclusion, consequence, induction, inference, deduction. ANT. Concealment, secrecy; theory, supposition. Demoralize. Corrupt, deprave, vitiate, undermine, subvert. ANT. Stimulate, impel, pro- mote, incite, reassure, animate, uplift. Demure. Sedate, staid, modest, prudish, discreet. ANT. Lively, vivacious, face- tious, wanton, wild. Denial. Refusal; contradiction, negation, disavowal. ANT. Affirmation, avowal, admission, concession. Denizen. Citizen, subject, in- habitant, dweller, sojourner. ANT. Foreigner, alien, trav- eler, stranger, transient. Denomination. Name, designa- tion, description, appellation, class, sect, school. ANT. Misnomer. Denounce. Brand, defame, stig- matize, decry ; accuse ; menace, threaten ; proscribe, vituperate. ANT. Eulogize, applaud, up- hold, vindicate. Dense. Thick, slow, compact, solid, close, thickset. ANT. Sparse, thin, scattered; quick, intelligent, clever, alert, ready. Denunciation. Censure, ar- raignment; threat, menace; ex- posure. ANT. Vindication, defense, apology, plea, excuse. Deny. Refuse, withhold ; contra- dict, gainsay ; renounce, abjure, disown. ANT. Affirm, grant, accept, concede; indulge, yield, admit. Depart. Leave, go, start, sally, retire, disappear, vanish, bid farewell; die, decease. ANT. Arrive, alight; stay, re* main, cling. I 76 dep] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dM Department. Division, section, portion; function, office, duty, station; province, branch, line. ANT. Organization, whole, tody. Dependent. Hanging, resting, contingent, conditioned, relying, subject, relative. ANT. Independent, free, ab- solute, irrespective. Depict. Portray, draw, paint, delineate. ANT. Caricature, parody. Deplorable. Lamentable, piti- able, sad, mournful, disastrous, calamitous, grievous, distress- ing, melancholy. ANT. Acceptable, felicitous, happy, welcome, glad, joyous, beneficent, pleasing. Deportment. Conduct, carriage, behavior, demeanor, character. ANT. Misbehavior, miscon- duct. Depose. Dethrone, debase, de- grade, dismiss, oust, displace. ANT. Enthrone, install, initi- ate, elevate, exalt, invest with power. Deprecate. Regret, disapprove, lament; intercede, expostulate. ANT. Rejoice in, approve; in- voke, imprecate, curse. Depreciate. Disparage, decry, undervalue, detract, underesti- mate. ANT. Appreciate, value, es- teem. Depredation. Robbery, pillage, plunder, spoliation, theft, inva- sion, trespass, havoc, encroach- ment. ANT. Restitution, compensa- tion, restoration, amends, repa- ration. Depression. Lowering, degrada- tion, abasement, perversion, de- preciation, dejection, discour- agement; hollow, valley, de- cline. ANT. Elevation, raising, eto- altation, promotion, ameliora- tion, preferment, prominenoet eminence. Deprive. Bereave, rob, divest, strip, despoil, dispossess, de- pose; prevent, hinder. ANT. EKdow, enrich, invest, compensate, present, indem- nify. Deputy. Lieutenant, agent, rep- resentative, envoy, legate, sub- stitute, vicegerent, proxy, dele- gate. ANT. Master, principal, gov- ernor, chief, sovereign, ruler. Derangement. Disorder, confu- sion, disarrangement; disturb- ance, discomposure; madness, lunacy, insanity, mania, delir- ium, alienation, aberration. ANT. Order, arrangement, regulation; calmness; sanity, poise, rationality. Derision. Scorn, contempt, ridi- cule, mockery, contumely, scoff- ing. ANT. Admiration, respect, reverence, regard, esteem, ven- eration. Derivation. Source, origin, gen- esis, fountain, descent, root, etymology. ANT. Result, issue, termina- tion, effect, application, use. Derogate. Detract, depreciate, disparage, compromise, lessen. ANT. Esteem, value, over~ estimate, enhance, extol. Descendant. Offspring, poster- ity, progeny, stock, family, lin- eage, scion, branch, issue. ANT. Ancestry, progenitor, origin, root, source, founder, parent. Describe. Trace, draw, portray, mark out, represent, depict, re- count, narrate, illustrate, de- fine, explain, characterize. ANT, Caricature, misrepre* [ 77 ] des] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [des sent, distort; mystify, perplex, confuse. Descry. Perceive, discern, recog- nize, discover, espy, see, behold, detect, find out. ANT. Overlook, miss, neglect. Desecrate. Profane, pollute, per- vert, abuse, secularize, prosti- tute. ANT. Hallow, sanctify, re- spect, esteem, dedicate, devote. Desert. Solitude, wild, wilder- ness, waste. ANT. Oasis, pasture, meadow. Deserter. Renegade, turncoat, re- . canter, backslider, abjurer, trai- tor, apostate. ANT. Adherent, devotee, sup- porter, bigot, disciple, ally. Deserve. Merit, earn, win, be entitled to. ANT. Forfeit, lose, miss, fail of. Desideratum. Very desirable thing, requisite, want, essential. ANT. Superfluity, surplus, perquisite. Design, n. Intention, purpose, aim, end, scheme, proposal, pro- ject, object, plan, device, pur- port, meaning, drift, scope, mark; delineation, sketch, arti- fice, drawing, draft; invention, contrivance ; cunning, guile. ANT. Execution, perform- ance, structure, construction, is- sue, result; candor, openness, sincerity; chance, accident. Design, v. Intend, plan, prepare, project, contrive, scheme, pur- pose, mean, propose; draw, de- lineate, sketch ; contemplate, outline, plot. ANT. Risk, guess, conjecture, chance; misconceive, misinter- pret, misrepresent. Designate. Specify, particular- ize; describe, define, denomi- nate, name, call, style, christen, •dub ; appoint, allot. ANT. Misname, miscall; gen- eralize; misrepresent. Desirable. Eligible, expedient, advantageous, beneficial, advis- able, valuable, profitable, envi- able, proper, judicious. ANT. Inexpedient, disadvan- tageous, harmful, inadvisable, evil. Desire. Appetite, inclination, longing, proclivity, craving, im- pulse, hankering, coveting, pro- pensity, wish; aspiration, wilL ANT. Loathing, disgust, aver- sion, hate, repugnance, horror. Desolate, a. Bereaved, comfort- less, forlorn, cheerless, lonely, solitary; uninhabited, forsaken, unfrequented, waste, dreary, wild. ANT. Peopled, colonized, de- veloped, cultivated; populous, crowded, frequented. Despair. Desperation, discour- agement, hopelessness, despon- dency. ANT. Courage, hope, expecta- tion, anticipation, assurance, confidence, elation, cheer, trust, hopefulness, encouragement. Despatch, v. Expedite, speed, ac- celerate, quicken, hasten; kill, slay. ANT. Delay, retard, impede, obstruct; preserve, save, spare. Desperate. Wild, reckless, des- pondent, hopeless, wretched, forlorn, lost; heroic, extreme, defiant; precipitate, headlong, frantic. ANT. Cautious, timid, shy; hopeful, promising, propitious. Despise. Contemn, scorn, slight, disdain, spurn. ANT. Respect, esteem, ven- erate, regard, revere. Despoil. Strip, denude, ravage; rob, plunder, pillage, devastate. ANT. Adorn, enrich, rehabili- tate. [ 78 ] des] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dev Despotic. Tyrannical, absolute, imperious, autocratic, arrogant. ANT. Conciliatory, humane, merciful; constitutional, demo- cratic, representative. Destination. Aim, end, object, purpose, design; goal, harbor. ANT. Action, movement; ini- tiation, project, effort. Destiny. Fate, lot, doom, star, fortune, necessity, end, predes- tination. ANT. Choice, will, freedom, volition, free will. Destructive. Ruinous, injurious, pernicious, deleterious, bane- ful, detrimental, hurtful, nox- ious. ANT. Constructive, restora- tive, beneficial, wholesome, pre- servative. Desuetude. Disuse, non-observ- ance, obsolescence. ANT. Use, custom, practice, exercise, operation. Desultory. Rambling, irregu- lar, capricious, wandering, rov- ing, discursive, cursory, erratic, spasmodic, unsystematic. ANT. Methodical, continuous, periodical, diligent, exact, un- tiring, persevering, earnest, se- rious, settled, consecutive. Detail. Account, narrative, re- cital; detachment; individual, particular, item, specialty, ele- ment, point, component. ANT. Totality, whole, gener- ality, aggregation, mass, bulk. Detention. Hindrance, retain- ing, restraint, stopping. ANT. Relinquishment, aban- donment, letting go, release, lib- eration. Deter. Hinder, discourage, pre- vent, restrain, withhold, terrify, scare, dishearten, dissuade. ANT. Incite, provoke, allure, tem.pt, seduce, prompt, per- suade. Deteriorate. Impair, degrade,, debase; decline, degenerate. ANT. Ameliorate, promote, advance, rectify. Determine. Settle, adjust, de- cide; ascertain, verify; influ- ence, lead, incl ine ; resolve. ANT. Vacillate, waver, un- settle, doubt. Detest. Abominate, abhor, exe- crate, loathe, shrink from. ANT. Like, approve, appre- ciate, praise, love. Dethrone. Depose, uncrown, drive out of power, cause to abdicate. ANT. Crown, enthrone, ex- alt. Detract. Depreciate, disparage, lessen, derogate, calumniate, slander, defame, decry, vilify. ANT. Enhance, augment, in- crease, flatter, compliment. Detriment. Loss, damage, in- jury, harm, evil, prejudice, dis- advantage, impairment, incon- venience. ANT. Enhancement, rem- edy, augmentation, improve- ment, repair, reinstatement. Develop. Evolve, unfold, educe, disclose, unravel, exhibit, ex- pand, enlarge; open, grow, ma- ture. ANT. Envelop, wrap, con- ceal, contract, compress ; stuntT duvtrf, hinder, prevent. Deviate. Digress, wander, de- flect, veer, diverge; depart, err, stray, swerve ; differ, vary. ANT. Cohere, coincide; ac- company, continue, remain; ad- vance; converge; agree, assimi- late. Device. Contrivance, invention, design, project, plan, scheme, expedient, resource; wile, arti- fice, stratagem, evasion, fraud; emblem, symbol, type. ANT. Fortune, luck, hazard? t 79 ] dev] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [die hit; openness, frankness, can- dor. Devious. Erratic, wandering, deviating, crooked, circuitous, misleading, treacherous, round- about. ANT. Direct, plain, straight- forward, frequented. Devise. Plan, design, contrive, imagine, scheme, project, con- coct; bequeath, leave. ANT. Mismanage, miscon- trive; inherit. Devoid. Void, wanting, empty, destitute, vacant, unprovided for. ANT. Full, supplied, pro- vided, replete, furnished, abun- dant, plentiful, sufficient. Devolve. Transfer, consign, con- vey, demise, devise, deliver; impose, place, attach, commis- sion, charge, depute; fall, pass, be transferred. ANT. Deprive, vnthhold, re- call, cancel, alienate, skip, pass, miss. Devotion. Dedication, consecra- tion, piety, religion, sanctity, holiness, worship, adoration; attachment, affection, love; ar- dor, earnestness, zeal, eager- ness, self-sacrifice. ANT. Impiety, profanity, sacrilege, irreverence; aversion, alienation, antipathy, indiffer- ence, apathy. Devour. Consume, gorge, eat ravenously, swallow ; destroy, annihilate, waste, swallow up, expend. ANT. Disgorge, vomit; save, conserve. Dexterity. Aptitude, skill, ex- pertness, readiness, adroitness. ANT. Ineptitude, inability, weakness, awkwardness, clum- siness. Diadem. Crown, chaplet, fillet, wreath, tiara, circlet. Diagnosis. Investigation, de- termination, analysis. ANT. Misjudgment, error. Diagnostic. Symptom, feature, sign, cue, indication, mark, in- dex. ANT. Development, consum- mation, crisis, head, formation. Dialect. Language, phraseology, tongue, speech, provincialism, idiom, accent. Dialogue. Conversation between two people, colloquy, discourse, tete-a-tete. ANT. Monologue, soliloquy, apostrophe, oration. Dictate. Direct, ordain, com- mand, prescribe, order, bid, re- quire, decree; utter; prompt, suggest, enjoin, instruct. ANT. Follow, repeat, obey, answer; accept. Dictation. Injunction, precept, command, rule, maxim, direc- tion, utterance. ANT. Consultation, confer- ence, council; advice, recom- mendation. Dictatorial. Imperious, imper»« tive, domineering, arbitrary, absolute, unlimited, authori- tative, unrestricted, overbear- ing. ANT. Condescending, suppli- catory, affable, suppliant, un- assuming, persuasive. Diction. Expression, language, phrase, phraseology, style, ver- biage, vocabulary, wording. ANT. Provincialism, barba- rism, solecifim. Dictionary. Lexicon, word-book, glossary, vocabulary. Didactic. Instructive, percep- tive, moral, directive, educative. ANT. Unsound, misleading, erroneous, uninstructive, perni- cious. Die. Expire, decease, depart; wither, perish, decay, decline, [ 80 SYNONYMS AND ANTON i MS [dim fade; cease, vanish, disappear; sink, faint, fall; subside. ANT. Live, recover, be born; survive, exist; originate, de- velop, grow, strengthen, flour- ish, luxuriate, vegetate. Diet. Food, victuals, nourish- ment, aliment, nutriment, pro- vision, viands, rations, fare, subsistence ; assembly, parlia- ment, congress. ANT. Starvation, fasting, abstinence, fast; gluttony, om- nivorousness. Difference. Contrast, diversity, variation, variety, discrepancy, disagreement, disparity, dis- tinction, divergence, unlikenesa. ANT. Agreement, uniform- ity, unity, consonance, identity, likeness, resemblance, harmony, sameness, similarity. Differentiate. Discriminate, in- dividualize, distinguish, par- ticularize, specify, segregate, identify. ANT. Generalize, classify, confuse, amalgamate. Difficult. Arduous, exhausting, severe, onerous, trying, toil- some, hard, laborious; intri- cate, involved, obscure, enig- matical; unmanageable, re- served, opposed, unamenable. ANT. Easy, facile, trifling, slight, trivial, pleasant, light; simple, plain, clear, manifest ; approachable, amcn-nble, pliant. Diffident. Modest, doubtful, re- luctant, hesitating; bashful, timid, shy, self-distrustful. ANT. Bold, aggressive, for- irord, arrogant, self-conceited. Diffuse, a. Prolix, loose, copi- ous, rambling, verbose, long- winded, diluted. ANT. Epigrammatic, laconic, terse, condensed. Digest. Methodize, systematize, arrange, classify, cod'ify ; study, ponder, consider, contemplate, meditate, con; master, assimi- late. ANT. Confound, complicate, disorder, derange, disturb; re- ject, refuse. Dignified. Stately, noble, grand, majestic, self-respecting, impos- ing, decorous, august, lofty, ex- alted, pompous. ANT. Stunted, low, mean, un- imposing, depressed, ordinary, self-accusing. Dignify. Advance, promote, ex- alt, ennoble, prefer; grace, honor, adorn; elevate, aggran- dize. ANT. Humiliate, debase, de- grade. Digress. Deviate, ramble, wan- der; differ. ANT. Proceed, advance; har- monize, agree. Dilapidation. Ruin, decay, dis- integration, downfall, demoli- tion. ANT. Construction, repara- tion; soundness, solidity; fab- rication, building. Dilate. Stretch wide, expand, enlarge, widen, distend. ANT. Compress, compact, re- strict, narrow, condense, con- centrate. Dilatory. Slow, loitering, tardy, procrastinating, dawdling, lag- ging, lingering, sluggish. ANT. Prompt, vigilant, alert, eager, earnest. Diligence. Industry, assiduity, activity, perseverance, applica- tion, attention, care, heed. ANT. Neglect, carelessness, idleness, inertness, inattention, desultoriness. Dim. Obscure, dark, covered, hidden, dusky, indistinct, un- certain. ANT. Bright, clear, mani- fest, light. [ 81 ] dim] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dis Dimension. Measurement, bulk, mass, extent ; ( pi. ) size, ca- pacity, amplitude, massiveness, greatness. ANT. Segment, section, por- tion, part. Diminish. Lessen, reduce, de- crease, abate, subside, shorten, dwarf, retrench. ANT. Augment, amplify, in- crease, magnify, expand. Din. Racket, clamor, noise, up- roar. ANT. Crash, explosion; si- lence. Dingy. Dirty, dull, soiled, tar- nished, dim, obscure, somber. ANT. Bright, burnished, ra- diant, glittering, gleaming, lu- minous. Dip. Immerse, plunge, inunda.te, soak, steep, drown, submerge. ANT. Dry, drain, parch; air, ventilate, evaporate, vaporize. Diplomacy. Negotiation, indi- rection, tact, artful manage- ment, contrivance, circumven- tion; embassage, ministry, am- bassadorship. ANT. Dismissal, conge, re- call; candor, naivete, ingenu- ousness; mismanagement, mal- administration; self-defeat. Diplomatic. Prudent, wise, tact- ful, astute, politic, sagacious, judicious, discreet. ANT. Blundering, tactless, injudicious. Direct, o. Unswerving, straight, rectilinear, undeviating. ANT. Meandering, crooked, roundabout, circuitous. Direction. Course, tendency, aim, bearing; oversight, man- agement, control, superinten- dence, conduct; order, com- mand; address, superscription. ANT. Deviation, aberration; miscontrol. Directly. Straightly, immedi- ately, forthwith, soon, speed- ily, instantly, promptly, pres- ently, quickly, straightway, at once. ANT. Secondarily, by-and- by; remotely, obliquely, cir- cuitously. Dirge. Requiem, elegy, lament, wake, threnody, coronach. ANT. Anthem, Te Deum, Ju- bilate, pcean, jubilee, halleluiah. Dirt. Filth, uncleanness, dung, foulness, meanness, filthiness, defilement. ANT. Cleanness, purity, ab- lution; innocence, spotlessness. Dis-. The prefix dis- has usually a negative, sometimes an inten- sive, force. Therefore, for words beginning with it look under the antonyms of the root words. When its force is intensive, however, they will be found un- der the synonyms of the root words. Only a few of derived significance are here given. Disability. Unfitness, inability, incompetence, incapacity, dis- qualification. ANT. Merit, fitness, recom- mendation, qualification, capa- bility. Disabuse. Undeceive, set right, correct, enlighten, inform, rec- tify. ANT. Deceive, delude, hood- wink. Disappoint. Frustrate, foil, de- feat, baffle, disconcert, mortify, vex, betray, tantalize. ANT. Fulfil, realize, satisfy, gratify, encourage, verify, sup- port. Disaster. Misfortune, mishap, reverse, calamity, catastrophe. ANT. Blessing, benefit, good fortune, profit, gain, boon. Disburse. Spend, expend, con- sume, waste, use, lay out, pay. [ 82 ] dis] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dis ANT. Save, economize, hoard, husband. Discern. Observe, discriminate, distinguish, perceive, see, des- cry, behold, espy, discover, pen- etrate, differentiate. ANT. Overlook, neglect, miss. Discernible. Discoverable, per- ceptible, visible, apparent, con- spicuous, palpable, plain, mani- fest, evident. ANT. Obscure, minute, in- visible, microscopic, impalpable. Discernment. Sagacity, per- ception, discrimination, bright- ness, astuteness, insight, intel- ligence, perspicacity, penetra- tion, acuteness, judgment, in- genuity. ANT. Blindness, inattention, dulness, density. Discharge, v. Unburden, un- load; expel, eject; shoot, fire; release, exonerate, acquit, lib- erate, free ; dismiss, discard, cashier; remove, destroy; per- form, execute, observe. ANT. Confine, charge, load, burden, contain; detain, check, delay, stop; preserve; ignore. Disciple. Follower, student, be- liever, pupil, learner, scholar, supporter, adherent, votary. ANT. Master, teacher, pro- fessor, leader, rabbi. Discipline. Training, teaching, drill, exercise; control, regula- tion, subjection, government; punishment, correction, coer- cion, chastisement. ANT. Laxity, latitude, negli- gence; reward, encouragement; disorganization, mutiny, rebel- lion, confusion, disorder. Discomfit. Defeat, overpower, conquer; foil, disconcert. ANT. Encourage, rally, aid, assist. Disconcert. Frustrate, balk, de- feat, thwart, baffle ; discompose, embarrass, disturb, upset, per- plex, abash, confuse, bewilder. ANT. Assist, countenance, encourage, compose, calm, ap- pease, pacify, tranquilize. Disconsolate. Inconsolable, sor- rowful, heant-broken, comfort- less, melancholy, desolate, for- lorn, sad. ANT. Joyous, cheerful, glad, merry, jovial, happy, blithe. Discordance. Disagreement, dis- cord, dissonance, conflict, oppo- sition. ANT. Accordance, harmony, concord. Discover. Find, detect, discern, ferret out, invent, expose, as- certain, descry, disclose, betray, indicate, manifest. ANT. Hide, conceal, cover, secrete, tury, suppress, with- hold. Discreet. Discerning, wise, saga- cious, prudent, cautious, ju- dicious, considerate, circum- spect. ANT. Foolish, heedless, reck- less, silly, imprudent, undis- cerning, unrestrained. Discrepancy. Dissonance, dis- cord, discordance, difference, variation, disagreement. ANT. Agreement, harmony, correspondence. Discrimination. Acuteness, pen- etration, sagacity, discernment, shrewdness, insight. ANT. Dulness, shortsighted- ness. Discursive. Reasoning, argu- mentative; roving, wandering, rambling, desultory, inconse- quent. ANT. Orderly, coherent, con- tinuous; condensed, succinct, concise; strategic, Discuss. Debate, argue, reason, agitate, deliberate upon, con- sider. [ 83 ] dis] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dis ANT. Confound, obscure; as- sert, dogmatize. Disdain, n. Contempt, scorn, dis- regard, haughtiness, arrogance. ANT. Reverence, respect, es- teem,, consider ateness, humil- ity. Disease. Infirmity, ailment, dis- temper, complaint, illness, sick- ness, malady, indisposition, un- soundness, affection. ANT. Health, strength, ro- bustness, soundness, sturdiness, vigor; convalescence; sanity, salubrity. Disgust, n. Distaste, loathing, dislike, repugnance, aversion, abhorrence. ANT. Partiality, desire, lik- ing, relish, fondness. Dismal. Dark, gloomy, cheer- less, dull, dreary, melancholy, lonesome, somber, sad, doleful, funereal ; horrible, terrible, frightful. ANT. Cheerful., bright, in- viting, cordial, gay, propitious, promising. Dismay. Affright, terrify, ap- pal, alarm, intimidate, daunt. ANT. Rally, inspirit, assure, encourage, hearten. Dismember. Disintegrate, mu- tilate, separate, rend asunder, sever. ANT. Integrate, incorpo- rate; constitute, construct. Dismiss. Banish, discard, dis- charge, remove. ANT. Recall, welcome. Disparage. Depreciate, decry, undervalue, underrate ; defame, reproach. ANT. Appreciate, overesti- mate, extol, praise, exaggerate. Dispel. Drive away, disperse, dissipate, banish, scatter. ANT. Collect, summon, ac- cumulate. Dispensation. Apportionment, allotment, distribution; admin- istration ; exemption ; system, scheme, plan, regime. ANT. Retention, restriction, reservation, injunction, prohi- bition; enforcement. Disperse. Dispel, scatter, sepa- rate; diffuse, spread, dissemi- nate. ANT. Gather, collect, con- centrate; recall, summon. Display. Expand, unfold, ex- tend, uncover, open, spread; ex- hibit, show, parade. ANT. Conceal, hide, wrap, dissemble, suppress. Disposition. Arrangement, lo- cation, placing, grouping; man- agement, control, regulation, direction; tendency, inclina- tion, propensity; temper, char- acter, nature, humor; willing- ness; distribution. ANT. Confusion, inversion, disorder; mismanagement, lax- ity; antipathy, repulsion; ob- stinacy; mood; agglomeration, collection. Disputant. Litigant, debater, arguer, controversialist, com- petitor, claimant. ANT. Advocate, auxiliary, partner. Dispute, v. Quarrel, wrangle; debate, argue, discuss, agitate, ventilate; impugn, deny, con- tradict, oppose, contest. ANT. Allow, concede, grant, forego, relinquish. Disquisition. Treatise, disser- tation, discourse, essay, discus- sion. ANT. Effusion, tirade, dia- tribe, rhodomontade. Dissect. Anatomize, scrutinize, analyze, explore, investigate, examine, sift. ANT. Integrate, organize, compound, grasp; comprehend* discern, diagnose. I 84 1 dis] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dla Dissemble. Conceal, disguise, cloak, hide, restrain, smother. ANT. Reveal, confess, mani- fest, expose, vaunt, profess. Dissent. Differ, disagree, de- cline. ANT. Assent, consent, agree. Dissertation. Disquisition, dis- cussion, treatise. Dissipate. Scatter, vanish, dis- perse, disappear, waste, squan- der. AST. Hoard, save, gather, conserve. Dissociate. Separate, sever, dis- join, divide, part, sunder, dis- connect. ANT. Associate, join, affiliate. Dissolute. Abandoned, corrupt, loose, profligate, reprobate, dis- sipated. ANT. Upright, honest, con- scientious, self-controlled. Distance. Remoteness, space, interval; absence, separation; reserve, coldness, stiffness. ANT. Proximity, contiguity, nearness, presence, neighbor- hood, contact. Distend. Dilate, extend, spread, stretch. ANT. Contract, narrow, con- strict, condense. Distil. Drop, extract, separate; percolate, emanate, drip. ANT. Condense, retain; suck; hold. Distinct. Separate, definite, dif- ferent, clear, plain, unmistak- able. ANT. Blurred, dim, indefi- nite, confused, conjoined, ob- scure. Distinguish. Discern, perceive, tell, discriminate; differenti- ate; characterize, mark; sepa- rate, divide; signalize, make famous or celebrated. ANT. Confound, miss, con- fuse. Distinguished. Illustrious, fa- mous, celebrated, noted, emi- nent, marked, conspicuous, su- preme, extraordinary, consum- mate. ANT. Obscure, inconspicu- ous, hidden; infamous, notori- ous. Distortion. Deformity, twist, perversion, falsification, mis- representation, sophistry, cor- ruption. ANT. Regularity, shapeli- ness, symmetry; right, truth, verification, rectification. Distract. Divert, perplex, con- fuse, disconcert, bewilder, con- found, derange, craze. ANT. Unite, fix, compose, concentrate, collect. Distraction. Confusion, perplex- ity, abstraction, disturbance, perturbation, agitation ; inat- tention; absence, frenzy, mad- ness ; alienation, aberration ; delirium, mania, derangement, lunacy. ANT. Attention, composure, self-possession, tranquillity. Distress, n. Affliction, calamity, adversity, misery, perplexity, misfortune; agony, suffering, anguish ; privation, destitution, poverty, indigence. ANT. Consolation, relief, as- suagement, alleviation; boon, blessing, pleasure. Distribute. Dispense, scatter, allot, apportion, grant, appoint. ANT. Restrict, retain, col- lect, gather, hold, reserve, keep. District. Region, tract, terri- tory, province, circuit, quarter. Disturb. Agitate, shake, stir, disorder, confuse, derange; mo- lest, annoy, plague, trouble, vex, worry; interrupt, hinder. ANT. Soothe, quiet, assist, compose, pacify; arrange, or' der. div] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dor Diversion. Detour, deviation, divergence; recreation, amuse- ment, enjoyment, pastime. ANT. Directness, business, procedure, continuity, task, la- bor. Diversify. Vary, change, alter, modify; variegate, streak, spot. ANT. Settle, fix, stereotype, arrest. Diversity. Difference, dissimili- tude, variation, unlikeness, di- vergence, dissonance, heteroge- neousness, multiformity. ANT. Identity, similarity, uniformity, consonance, homo- geneousness, coincidence. Divest. Dismantle, strip, un- clothe, undress, unrobe, deprive. ANT. Clothe, invest, shroud, indue, encumber. Divide. Sever, part, separate, disunite, sunder; alienate, es- trange; distribute, allot, ap- portion, assign, share, dispense. ANT. Unite, commingle, col- locate, congregate, convene. Divination. Magic, foretelling, augury, prophecy, presage, pre- diction. ANT. Investigation, study; information ; analysis. Divorce, v. Separate, part, sun- der, alienate, disunite. ANT. Marry, wed, betroth, consort. Do. Accomplish, achieve, bring to pass, complete, effect, realize, discharge, perpetuate, perform, commit, consummate, actual- ize ; execute, finish, fulfil ; work out, transact. ANT. Neglect, ruin, spoil, defeat, destroy, mar, miscarry, fail, frustrate, baffle, omit, come short. Docile. Manageable, amenable, compliant, gentle, tame, sub- missive, yielding, tractable, pli- able, obedient. ANT. Obstinate, firm, inflex- ible, stubborn, self-willed, wil- ful, determined, dogged, reso- lute, opinionated. Doctrine. Tenet, dogma, opin- ion, belief, precept, principle, teaching, creed. ANT. Duty, practice, action, conduct, operations application. Dogmatic. Arrogant, authorita- tive, imperious, domineering, positive, self-opinionated, doc- trinal, magisterial, dictatorial. ANT. Practical, active, mod- est, diffident, vacillating, con- siderate. Domestic. Private, family, fa- miliar, homelike. ANT. Public, foreign, alien, strange. Domicile. Home, abode, house, residence, mansion, dwelling. ANT. World, wilderness; es- trangement, migration, travel, exile. Dominance, Domination. Su- periority, lordship, mastery, sway, supremacy, command, as- cendancy, government. ANT. Servility, subjection, inferiority, weakness, minority, subordination. Domineer. Lord, tyrannize, dic- tate, bully, swagger. ANT. Submit, yield, bow, de- fer, patronize, succumb; resist, contend. Dominion. Government, domi- nation, supremacy, sway, dom- inance, control, authority, do- main, territory, sovereignty. ANT. Submission, subjuga- tion, servitude. Doom, n. Condemnation, fate, sentence, judgment, destiny, verdict. ANT. Liberation, respite, es- cape, acquittal, discharge. Dormant. Sleeping, latent, in- ert, quiescent. [ 86 ] dou] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dul ANT. Active, operative, vigi- lant, awake, alert. Doubt, n. Distrust, skepticism, disbelief, suspicion, suspense, hesitation, incredulity, irreso- lution, misgiving, unbelief, per- plexity, uncertainty. ANT. Conviction, certainty, assurance; belief, confidence; determination, resolution, re- solve. Downwards. Below, beneath, down. ANT. Upwards, above, aloft. Drag. Draw, pull, haul, bring. ANT. Carry, push, propel, raise. Drain. Empty, exhaust, draw, strain, dry. ANT. Fill, supply, replenish, moisten, drench. Draw. Haul, lead, pull, drag, lure, entice, attract, incline, in- duce. ANT. Repel, repulse, rebuff, alienate, estrange, reject. Dread, n. Fear, terror, awe, ap- prehension, horror, alarm. ANT. Confidence, courage; familiarity. Dream. Reverie, fancy, vision, delusion, conceit, hallucination, romance, trance, vagary. ANT. Fact, reality, realiza- tion, verity, certainty, sub- stance. Dreary. Dismal, gloomy, dark, lonesome, solitary, cheerless. ANT. Cheerful, bright, prom- ising, inviting. Dress. Clothing, garments, ap- parel, garb, array, uniform, at- tire, costume, raiment, habili- ments, vesture, robes, habit, vestments. ANT. Nakedness, disarray, nudity, bareness, deshabille, ex- posure, undress. Drift, n. Direction, bearing, course; aim, purpose, inten- tion, scope, tendency, design; rush, impulse, current; heap, mass. ANT. Aimlessness, vague- ness, aberrancy, indefiniteness. Drink. Swallow, imbibe, quaff, drain, absorb, suck in. ANT. Pour, exude, disgorge, water, moisten. Drive. Impel, propel, compel, push, thrust, urge; repulse, re- pel, resist; ride. ANT. Draw, attract, invite, summon. Droll. Whimsical, comical, ludi- crous, funny, ridiculous, odd, queer, facetious. ANT. Sober, solemn, tragic, funereal. Droop. Languish, sink, decline, flag, pine, wither, fade, writ. ANT. Prosper, revive, rally, flourish, raise, luxuriate. Drown. Sink, immerse, swamp, overwhelm, overflow, inundate, deluge, flood, overcome, over- power. ANT. Dry, drain, air, venti- late, expose. Dry. Arid, parched; thirsty, craving drink; barren, meager, dull, dreary, tedious, plain ; se- vere, sarcastic, sharp, keen. ANT. Moist, fresh, juicy; lively, entertaining; fulsome, florid. Due. Proper, fitting, suitable, appropriate, becoming; owing, obligatory. ANT. Improper, unsuitable, independent; unfair, extrava- gant, deficient. Dull. Heavy, stupid, unintelli- gent, apathetic, insensible, cal- lous, dead; inert, lifeless, in- active, slow, torpid; blunt, ob- tuse ; gloomy, sad, dismal ; dim, obscure; wearisome, dreary, te- dious. ANT. Bright, light, tpark- L 87 ] duzu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [eel ling, brilliant, quick, interest- ing, lively, keen, witty, cheery, inviting, entertaining. Dumb. Speechless, mute, silent, still, inarticulate. ANT. Talkative, chatty, lo- quacious. Duplicate. Copy, counterpart, facsimile, imitation, likeness, replica, reproduction, double, transcript. ANT. Original, pattern, pro- totype, archetype, model, Duplicity. Deceit, deception, circumvention, guile, artifice, hypocrisy, fraud, dishonesty. ANT. Candor, straightfor- wardness, frankness, sincerity, honesty. Duration. Continuance, term, period, protraction, prolonga- tion ( in time ) . ANT. Brevity, momentari- ness; infinity, eternity. Duty. Office, responsibility, ob- ligation, function, business, ac- countability, right, righteous- ness. ANT. Immunity, freedom, li- cense, exemption, dispensation. Dwell. Live, reside, rest, stop, stay, abide, lodge, sojourn. ANT. Visit, migrate, liasten, flit, roam, depart, travel. Eager. Impatient, anxious, de- sirous, longing, yearning, ar- dent, enthusiastic, earnest, ani- mated, fervent, impetuous, ve- hement. ANT. Torpid, sluggish, slow, backward, belated, late, tardy. Earn. Acquire, merit, win, get, gain, procure, deserve, achieve, obtain, realize. ANT. Waste, lose, spend, for- feit, squander. Earnest. Eager, zealous, fer- vent; steady, intent, fixed; sin- cere, serious, true; important, momentous. ANT. Indifferent, irresolute, sportive, jesting, flippant. Ease. Facility, knack, readiness, expertness, easiness, satisfac- tion, contentment, comfort, re- pose, refreshment, relief. ANT. Perplexity, irritation, annoyance, constraint, disquiet, trouble, vexation, difficulty, un- easiness, awkwardness, worry. Easy. Quiet, comfortable, tran- quil, compliant, facile, compla- cent, submissive ; unaffected, natural, smooth; moderate, af- fluent. ANT. Disturbed, uncomfort- able, hard, difficult, anxious, ea- acting. Ebb. Retire, recede, abate, de- crease, subside, wane, sink. ANT. Flow, swell, increase, flood, inundate, deluge. Eccentric. Irregular, abnormal, uncommon, peculiar, singular, wayward, strange, aberrant, er- ratic, whimsical. ANT. Normal, conventional, common, usual, regular, cus- tomary. Echo. Resonance, repetition, re- verberation, imitation, answer. ANT. Sound, voice, original, tone, noise, speech. Eclipse, n. Obscuration, dim- ming, obscurity, hiding, shroud- ing, concealment, vanishing, ex- tinction, obliteration, annihila- tion, destruction. ANT. Illumination, enlight- enment, revelation; perpetua- tion; radiation; unveiling, dia- oovery. [ 88 eco] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS let Economics. Science of wealth, public or political economy; household management, house- hold economy, housewifery. Economize. Save, husband, re- trench, manage frugally, be fru- gal or prudent, practice econ- omy, avoid waste; develop re- sources, utilize. ANT. Waste, misuse, sacri- fice, be lavish, profuse, or ea>- travagant; squander, dissi- pate. Economy. Thrift, thriftiness, frugality, providence, good hus- bandry; management, arrange- ment, regulation, administra- tion; plan, system, established order, dispensation. ANT. Prodigality, wasteful- ness, extravagance, lavishness. Ecstasy. Transport, rapture, in- spiration, fervor, frenzy, emo- tion, delight, enthusiasm, hap- piness. ANT. Coolness, dulness, en- nui, weariness, tedium, indif- ference. Edge. Border, margin, brink, rim, brim, verge; sharpness, keenness, intensity, animation, zest. ANT. Center, interior; dul- ness, bluntness, flatness; inert- ness, inactivity. Edible. Eatable, esculent, whole- some, culinary. ANT. Poisonous, deleterious, harmful, dangerous, noxious, uneatable. Edict. Decree, command, order, proclamation, mandate, ordi- nance. ANT. Hoax, eanard; request, wish. Edifice. Building, tenement, fab- ric, structure. ANT. Ruin, heap, demoli- tion, destruction. "Edify. Build up, enlighten, im- prove, stimulate, strengthen, nurture. ANT. Defile, debase, mislead, misguide, pervert, corrupt. Edit. Revise, correct, prepare for the press, annotate, emend; bring out; conduct, manage. ANT. Distort, pervert, fal- sify, garble, mutilate. Educate. Discipline, teach, in- struct, train, nurture, breed, de- velop. ANT. Dwarf, stunt, hinder ; pervert, corrupt. Education. Training, teaching, tuition, instruction, schooling, discipline, cultivation, breed- ing, development, nurture, in- formation, knowledge, learning, reading, study. ANT. Ignorance, illiteracy, nescience, blindness, darkness. Educe. Draw out, extract, elicit, evolve, produce. ANT. Adduce, cite, allege, quote, advance, name, mention; apply, insert, deposit, bestow. Efface. Obliterate, erase, blot out, destroy, cancel, eradicate, expunge. ANT. Restore, revive, delin- eate, imprint, portray, replace, reinstate, renew. Effect, n. Result, consequence, event, issue; force, efficiency, validity, weight, power; pur- port, drift, tenor, meaning; fact, reality, truth ; impression, appearance, ensemble; (pi.) chattels, goods, commodities, property, movables. ANT. Cause, motive, source^ incentive; origin. Effect, v. Cause, produce, acconv plish, change, achieve, create, execute, perform, realize, com- pass, effectuate, consummate, fulfil. ANT. Obviate, frustrate, vent, mar, hinder; deter, 5 S9 eff] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Effective. Adequate, competent, effectual, sufficient; potent, co- gent, efficacious, forcible, ener- getic, powerful ; active, efficient, operative; conducive; service- able, able, talented. ANT. Weak, futile, nuga- tory, inconducive, inoperative, inadequate, impotent, incompe- tent, powerless. Effectuate. Accomplish, effect, execute, achieve, secure, fulfil. ANT. Prevent, hinder, abol- ish, defeat, nullify, stifle, blight. Effeminate. Feminine, womanly, delicate; womanish, feeble, un- manly, timorous, enervated, soft, weak, emasculated. ANT. Strong, manly, mascu- line, virile, manlike, vigorous, hardy, robust. Effervesce. Boil, bubble, froth, foam, ferment, sparkle; express irrepressible emotion. ANT. Subside; acquiesce, re- frain, bear, brook, digest. Effete. Barren, unfruitful; de- cayed, spent, exhausted, worn, wasted, decrepit. ANT. Vigorous, fertile, pro- lific, productive, exuberant, lux- uriant, rank. Efficacious. Effectual, effective, active, operative, powerful, ade- quate, cogent. ANT. Insufficient, inade- quate, ineffectual. Efficacy. Power, potency, force, competency, strength, effective- ness, vigor, energy, usefulness. ANT. Inefficacy, incompe- tency. Efficiency. Power, strength, ca- pabilty, virtue, energy, useful- ness, productiveness, effective- ness ; attentiveness, aptitude, skill, ingenuity, competence, in- ventiveness, readiness, ingeni- ousness, faculty, cleverness, ge- nius, acuteness. ANT. Weakness, inability, incompetence, unproductivity ; inattention, awkwardness, ab- sence of mind, thoughtlessness, preoccupation, distraction, lazi- ness, stupidity. Efficient. Operative, active, po- tent, efficacious, effective, effec- tual; able, skilled, ready, ener- getic, proficient, competent. ANT. Inactive, impotent, in- effective, abortive; dull, inert, indolent, sluggish, senseless, stupid. Effigy. Image, representation, figure, statue, likeness ; dummy. ANT. Caricature, misrepre- sentation, distortion; bust, por- trait. Efflorescence. Flowering, bloom- ing, blossoming, budding; out- burst; bloom, luxuriance. ANT. Deflorescence, fading, waning, blasting, withering; nudity, bareness, denudation; absorption, desiccation. Effluence. Emanation, flow, ef- fusion, efflux; issue, outpour- ing; emission, discharge; abun- dance, overflow. ANT. Influx, infusion, reflu- ence, ebb; exhaustion; absorp- tion, retention. Effluvium. Exhalation, emana- tion, malaria, miasma, stink, noxious vapor. ANT. Ventilation, scent, dis- infectant; zephyr, aroma, balm. Effort. Endeavor, attempt, trial, exertion, struggle, essay, strain, striving, stretch. ANT. Failure, frustration, futility, weakness, deficiency, misadventure; ease, inactivity, spontaneity, facility. Effrontery. Assurance, impu- dence, audacity, shamelessness, presumption, hardihood, bold- ness1, brass; insolence, sauci- [ 00 eff] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS ANT. Modesty, coyness, shy- ness, diffidence, sensitiveness, shrinking, timidity, bashful- ness. Effulgence. Brilliancy, splen- dor, luster, brightness, radiance, refulgence, glory, flame, lumi- nosity, resplendence. ANT. Darkness, tencbrosity, obscuration, gloom, opaqueness, shade. Effuse, a. Profuse, poured forth freely, lavish, prodigal, copious, abundant, effluent. ANT. Dry, scanty, sparing, meager, thin. Effusion. Outpouring, effluence, discharge, emission; abun- dance; speech, address, ora- tion; waste, shedding, spilling. ANT. Infusion, absorption; essay, reading, document, in- strument; influx; retention. Effusive. Lavish, generous, pro- fuse, prodigal, gushing; spread widely, diffused. ANT. Sparing; taciturn, la- conic, curt, brief. Egoism. Selfishness, self-assur- ance, self-conceit, self -con- sciousness, self-confidence, self- esteem, conceit, vanity, self-as- sertion, self-praise, self-admira- tion, self-love, self-exaltation. ANT. Self-abnegation, def- erence, self-forgetfulness, diffi- dence, bashfulness, humility, modesty, self-distrust, shyness, unobtrusiveness, considerate- ness, unostentatiousness. Egregious. Surpassing, ex- traordinary, remarkable, enor- mous, monstrous, outrageous, tremendous, prodigious, pecul- iar; flagrant, gross. ANT. Ordinary, usual, com- monplace, mediocre, everyday. Egress. Exit, way out, depart- ure, going out, outlet; sally. ANT. Entrance, avenue, ap- proach, inlet; inroad, incur- sion, invasion. Either. One or the other of two; each, both. ANT. Neither, not any one of two. Ejaculation. Exclamation, cry, utterance; expletive. ANT. Silence, speechlessness, dumfounderment ; drawl; ora- tion, speech. Eject. Cast out, emit, vomit, void, evacuate; expel, dismiss, discharge, oust; reject, banish, throw aside, cast away. ANT. Retain, absorb; ac- cept, receive, house, store, ad- mit, accommodate, welcome; in- troduce, inject. Eke out. Add to, supply, in- crease, stretch, raise, augment,, help. ANT. Stint, drain, withhold, diminish, exhaust. Elaborate. Improve, refine, de- velop, mature, execute, forge, prepare, concoct, work upon, la- bor over. ANT. Slight, neglect, disre- gard, overlook ; miscontrive, mismanage; chance, hit, guess, conjecture, extemporize. Elapse. Pass, slip, glide away, lapse; intervene. ANT. Wait, abide, halt, hold; continue, endure; grasp, seize. Elastic. Flexible, springy, resil- ient, extensile, ductile, buoy- ant; alterable, modifiable; re- bounding, recoiling. ANT. Rigid, tough, inflex- ible; crystallized, unchange- able; dull, inert. Elated. Cheered, excited, exhil- arated, animated, flushed, in- spirited, inflated. ANT. 'Depressed, dejected, discouraged, dispirited, humil- iated, abashed, confounded. Elder. Senior, older, more an- SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ell eient, earlier born; superior; precedent. ANT. Younger, junior, ju- venile. "Elect, o. Picked, selected, cho- sen, choice; appointed, dele- gated; redeemed, saved; elite, accepted. ANT. Rejected, doomed, rep- robate; abandoned, depraved. .Election. Selection, preference, choice; appointment by vote; alternative, free will, freedom, power to choose; discrimina- tion, discernment, distinction; predestination. ANT. Postponement; rejec- tion, reprobation, abandonment. Electric. Charged with electric- ity, relating to electricity; in- spiring, inspiriting, stimulat- ing; lightninglike, swift, flash- ing, thrilling, stirring, exciting. Electrify. Charge with electric- ity, render electric; rouse, ex- cite, thrill, stir, astonish, as- tound, amaze, appal. ANT. "Kill" (of something charged, from which the elec- tricity is suddenly removed) ; disconnect, sever (of apparatus for carrying electricity) ; stu- pefy, soothe, deaden, calm, mes- merize. Elegance. Grace, beauty, pro- priety, symmetry; polish, po- liteness, refinement, gentility, gracefulness, taste. ANT. Deformity, awkward- ness, coarseness, rudeness, dis- proportion. Elegant. Graceful, well-formed, symmetrical, lovely, handsome, comely, refined, tasteful, orna- mental, accomplished, polished. ANT. Awkward, deformed, ill-proportioned, misshapen, un- graceful, hideous, coarse, rude. Elegy. Dirge, threnody, lament, jeremiad, requiem, coronach, funeral song; serious or mel- ancholy poem. ANT. Pcean, jubilee, halle- luiah, anthem. Element. Constituent, compo- nent, ingredient, part, prin- ciple, atom; (pi.) rudiments, outlines, essential parts. ANT. Whole, mass, aggre- gate, total, totality, gross, sum, amount. Elementary. Simple, uncom- pounded, rudimentary, pri- mary; physical, material, natu- ral; ultimate, component, con- stituent. ANT. Compounded, collec- tive, aggregate, developed, or- ganized; immaterial, incorpo- real, impalpable. Elevate. Raise, lift up, exalt, promote, advance, aggrandize; improve, dignify, ennoble, re- fine, inspire, greaten; animate, elate, cheer, excite, exhilarate. ANT. Lower, degrade, de- base, depress, demean, humble, humiliate. Elevation. Raising, elevating; promotion, aggrandizement, ex- altation ; dignity, refinement, improvement ; amelioration ; hill, height, altitude, superior- ity, eminence, loftiness, tall- ness. ANT. Degradation, debase- ment, depression, decline, fall, depth; deterioration, inferior- ity; shortness, stuntedness. Elicit. Draw out, evoke, educe, call forth, bring out, deduce, bring to light ; express, extract, evolve, worm out, extort. ANT. Insert, implant, intro- duce, inoculate, inject, infuse, instill, incorporate, insinuate; suggest. Eligible. Desirable, preferable, worthy of choice, qualified, ca- pable, suitable, prime, choice. eli] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [em* ANT. Worthless, ordinary, indifferent, unprofitable, unde- sirable. Elimination. Expulsion, exclu- sion, discharge, removal, rejec- tion, eradication, erasure, rid- dance, obliteration. ANT. Inclusion, retention; approval; preservation, conser- vation. Elision. Omission, ejection, el- lipsis, abridgment, excerp- tion. ANT. Insertion, inoculation, introduction, implantation; in- clusion; augmentation. Elliptical. Contracted, abbrevi- ated; suggestive, latent, allu- sive; significant, pregnant; de- fective, incomplete. ANT. Explanatory, categori- cal, full; expository, declara- tory, enunciative. Elocution. Speech, power of ex- pression, utterance, delivery, declamatory art; eloquence, or- atory. ANT. Reading, lection. Elongation. Protraction, exten- sion, production, drawing out, continuation; withdrawal, dis- tance. ANT. Apocope, elision, cur- tailment, abridgment, contrac- tion. Eloquence. Oratory, graceful utterance, appropriate expres- sion, impassioned speech. ANT. Verbosity, wordiness, prolixity, tediousness; grand- iloquence, bombast, fustian. Elucidate. Explain, illustrate, clear, make manifest, unfold, make plain, expound. ANT. Confuse, mystify, ob- scure, puzzle, bewilder, befog. Elucidation. Explanation, ex- position, illustration, demon- stration; comment, annotation, commentary, gloss, scholium. ANT. Mystification, confu- sion; obscurity, ambiguity. Elude. Escape, avoid, shun, slip away; baffle, foil, thwart, dis- appoint, disconcert, balk, frus- trate, evade, mock. ANT. Meet, encounter, con- front; dare, defy; court, invite* challenge. Elusive, Elusory. Evasive, de- lusive, equivocating, deceptive,, fraudulent, fallacious, deceit- ful, illusory ; shuffling, shif ting, slippery, fugitive ; shadowy, un- substantial, intangible. ANT. Persistent, staple, cer- tain, solid; true, sure, unequiv- ocal. Em-, or en-. A prefix meaning- in or into, sometimes inter- changeable with in-. The form em- is used before words begin- ning with p, b, or m. The pre- fix has also a causal force. Words beginning with this pre- fix, whose original meaning is simply the meaning of the root word plus that of the prefix, are omitted here, for their syn- onyms and antonyms may be readily formed from those of the root word. Emaciation. Leanness, lank- ness, thinness, tenuity, attenu- ation, wasting, gauntness, skin- niness, meagerness. ANT. Obesity, fatness, cor- pulence. Emanate. Flow forth continu- ously, issue, arise, spring, pro- ceed, emerge. ANT. End, terminate, culmi- nate, eventuate, cease; dry up. Emancipate. Free, enfranchise,, liberate, rescue, release, manu- mit, unfetter, unchain, disen- thrall, set free. ANT. Subjugate, enslave, en- thrall, bind; disqualify, inca- pacitate. •emb] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [erne Embalm. Preserve, cherish, en- shrine, keep; scent, perfume, make fragrant; treasure, store, consecrate. ANT. Abandon, desecrate, ex- pose, vulgarize, violate, profane. Embargo. Prohibition, ban, re- straint, hindrance, restriction; detention, stoppage. ANT. Permit, permission, re- lease, discharge, cong6, libera- tion, dismissal. Embark. Ship; engage, enlist, put in, invest; launch, enter, start. ANT. Land, arrive, anchor, disembark, go ashore. Embarrass. Entangle, perplex, make intricate or difficult; dis- tress, trouble, harass, hamper, confuse, disconcert, clog, puzzle, abash, confound, encumber. ANT. Extricate, relieve, dis- entangle, liberate, deliver; ex- pedite, facilitate, accelerate, as- sist; calm, compose, tranquil- ize. Embellish.. Adorn, decorate, or- nament, deck, beautify. ANT. Detract, diminish, der- ogate from, strip, destroy, de- nude. Embezzle. Appropriate, steal, purloin, peculate ; falsify, forge, counterfeit. ANT. Square, clear, balance; restore, refund, retrieve. Embitter. Make bitter, aggra- vate, exacerbate, exasperate, en- rage, anger, madden; molest, provoke, excite. ANT. Alleviate, soothe; com- pose, quiet, pacify; sweeten; de- light, please, comfort. Emblem. Figure, image, sign, symbol, token, type, attribute; device, cognizance, representa- tion; badge, mark, signal. ANT. Disguise, decoy, incog- nito, ruse, blind, domino, mask. Embody. Incorporate, make cor- poreal, concentrate, compact, integrate, combine, collect; syS' tematize, codify; comprehend^ include, embrace, comprise, con- tain. ANT. Analyze, dismember, disband, disintegrate, dissipate. Embolden. Encourage, animate, reassure, inspirit, incite, urge, stimulate. ANT. Intimidate, frighten, alarm, deter, overwhelm, dis- courage. Embosomed. Concealed, envel- oped, surrounded, encircled, en- folded. ANT. Exposed, open, uncon- cealed, revealed. Embrace. Clasp, hug, press; seize, welcome, accept; compre- hend, include, cover, contain, embody, take in. ANT. Cast off, reject; ex- clude, except. Embroider. Embellish, enrich, emboss, adorn with needlework. ANT. Darn, botch, patch, repair. Embroil. Implicate, entangle, ensnarl, involve; disturb, per- plex, confuse, distract, trouble. ANT. Extricate, separate, re- move; compose, pacify, arrange, calm. Embryo. Germ, rudiment, nu- cleus, origin. ANT. Development, comple- tion, maturity, fulfilment. Emendation. Amendment, cor- rection, rectification, reforma- tion, improvement. ANT. Error, defect, fault, in- correctness, inaccuracy. Emerge. Eise, issue, emanate, escape; appear, become visible. ANT. Disappear, sink; re- treat, abscond, recede; enter; depart. Emergency. Exigency, urgency, [ 94 ] cmi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [emp necessity, crisis, difficulty, ex- tremity, strait; juncture, turn of events ; unforeseen occasion ; embarrassment, difficulty, casu- alty. ANT. Rescue, deliverance, so- lution, provision, arrangement, anticipation, foresight, climax. Emigration. Removal, exodus, migration from, colonization; departure. ANT. Immigration, migra- tion to or into; settlement, so- journ, abode, stay; domicilia- tion, domestication. Eminence. Prominence, projec- tion, elevation, protuberance, hill, high point; distinction, celebrity, reputation, renown, repute, fame, preferment; note, conspicuousness; superiority. ANT. Debasement, degrada- tion, lowliness, decline; infamy, disgrace, shame, obloquy, op- probrium, scandal. Eminent. High, lofty, elevated; celebrated, distinguished, prom- inent, illustrious, remarkable, renowned, conspicuous, famous, reputed. ANT. Mediocre, worthless; infamous, notorious; egregious, outrageous. Emission. Ejection, expulsion, issue; issuance, putting into circulation. ANT. Injection, admission, entrance. Emit. Eject, expel, throw out; issue, decree, discharge; put into circulation. ANT. Inject; retain, with- hold. Emollient. Softening, laxative, balsamic, soothing, palliative. ANT. Irritant, astringent, ir- ritating, galling. Emolument. Gain, pay, profit, remuneration, wap-es, salary, in- come, hire, stipend, lucre, com- pensation; advantage, benefit; gratuity, perquisite. ANT. Loss, damage, waste; disadvantage. Emotion. Feeling, passion, ex- citement, agitation, sensibility, perturbation, tremor, trepida- tion. ANT. Indifference, insensibil- ity, impassiveness, stoicism, im- perturbability. Emphasis. Stress, force, ictus; weight, significance, impressive- ness. ANT. Elision, monotony, uni- formity. Emphatic. Significant, expres- sive, strong, forcible, positive, energetic, decided, distinct, un- equivocal, earnest, important, special. ANT. Mild, ordinary, usual, unimportant, commonplace, un- noticeable, cool, unimpassioned, undemons tra tive. Empire. Dominion, supremacy,, sovereignty, authority, govern- ment, command, control, sway, rule, kingdom. ANT. Independence, insur- rection, anarchy, mutiny, sedi- tion, uprising. Empiric, Empirical. Tentative, experimental, provisional, hy- pothetic, experiential ; quack- ish. ANT. Regular, scientific, uni- form, constant, inductive, cate- gorical. Employ. Engage, call, hire, use, engross, busy, exercise; apply, enlist, entrust, occupy, econo- mize. ANT. Discard, dismiss, mis- use. Employment. Business, voca- tion, pursuit, calling, profes- sion, craft, trade, occupation; service, agency, office, employ; application, engrossment. [ 95 ] emp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [enc ANT. Leisure, laziness, indo- lence; recreation, vacation. Empower. Commission, author- ize, warrant, qualify; enable, encourage ; delegate, sanction, direct. ANT. Hinder, prevent, dis- courage, disqualify, disable; re- call, revoke, withdraw. 2£mpty, a. Void, without con- tents, vacant, unoccupied; des- titute, devoid; unsup plied, unfurnished, unfilled; unsatis- factory, vain, hollow, unsubstan- tial; desolate, waste, deserted, uninhabited ; senseless, weak, frivolous; clear, unencumbered, unobstructed, vacuous, unten- anted, evacuated; silly, idle, deficient. ANT. Full, occupied, inhab- ited, colonized, obstructed, en- cumbered; cultivated, informed, well-instructed, sensible, experi- enced; significant, important, forcible, substantial. Emulation. Rivalry, desire to ex- cel, exceed, or surpass, competi- tion; jealousy, envy, conten- tion; vying, aspiration, contest. ANT. Stagnation, inactivity, dulness; contempt, disregard, disdain, disaffection; abandon- ment, resignation, discourage- ment. Enable. Empower, strengthen, qualify, make capable, capaci- tate, invigorate. ANT. Weaken, disqualify, in- capacitate, disable, hinder. Enact. Decree, establish by law, ordain; play, personate, repre- sent, act, feign, dissimulate; pass. ANT. Abolish, abrogate, an- nul, cancel, repeal, rescind, ex- punge. Enamor. Charm, captivate, fas- cinate, inflame with love, en- slave, endear, bewitch, enchain. ANT. Disenthrall, repel, es- trange, disgust, disenchant, hor- rify. Encamp. Bivouac, pitch, settle, quarter, camp. ANT. March, decamp, retire, retreat, advance, charge. Enchain. Bind with chains, fet- ter, manacle, enslave. ANT. Loose, liberate, manu- mit, extricate, free. Enchant. Charm, fascinate, be- witch, enamor, captivate, win, catch, lead captive; enrapture, ravish, transport, beatify, de- light. ANT. Repel, estrange, dis- gust, horrify, shock, alienate. Enchantment. Incantation, fas- cination, charm, conjuration, necromancy, magic, witchery, sorcery, spell; delight, rapture, ravishment, transport, bliss. ANT. Disillusionment, repul- sion, shock, alienation. Encircle. Surround, encompass, environ, gird, enclose ; embrace, fold, clasp; hem in, beset, cir- cumscribe. Enclose. Encompass, encircle, shut, include, environ, envelop, wrap, circumscribe. Enclosure. Space enclosed, com- pass, circle; yard, compound; fence, ring, limit, park, field, boundary, precinct. ANT. Space, waste, desert, wild, open, prairie, wilderness, stretch, void, clearing. Encomium. Eulogy, praise, eu- logium, panegyric, commenda- tion, laudation, psean, compli- ment, good word. ANT. Invective, taunt, vitu- peration, obloquy, vilification, slander. Encompass. Encircle, enclose, gird, hem in, surround, circum- scribe. Encounter. Meet, confront, face. enc] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [end withstand; assault, combat, en- gage, fight, attack, contend, compete with; fall upon. ANT. Elude, avoid, escape, shun, miss, flee, frustrate. Encourage. Inspirit, animate, embolden, hearten, incite, stim- ulate ; cheer, comfort, console ; support, countenance, reassure ; advance, further; foster, abet, aid, help, patronize; prompt, urge. ANT. Deter, discourage, dis- hearten, dissuade; depress, de- ject; provoke, incite, exasper- ate; retard, hinder, prevent. Encroach. Intrude, trespass, in- fringe, invade; creep, advance stealthily; transgress. ANT. Respect, recognize, ob- serve; protect; refrain. Encumber. Clog, load, impede, obstruct, hinder, burden, over- load; embarrass, perplex, in- volve, entangle, complicate. ANT. Free, liberate; assist, aid, help ; relieve, straighten. Encumbrance. Load, impedi- ment, hindrance; debt, claim, liability. ANT. A id, assistance; relief; cancelation. End, n. Limit, outcome, period, extremity, extent, bound, con- clusion, boundary, completion, close, effect, expiration, finish, finis, finale; issue, goal, intent, fulfilment, purpose, point, re- sult, termination, terminus; utmost, uttermost; accomplish- ment, achievement ; cessation, consummation, design, conse- quence; fragment, scrap, rem- nant. ANT. Commencement, ori- gin, beginning, source, spring, start, fountain, arising, incep- tion, opening, initiation, out- set, rise. End, v. *>R°e. break off, close, complete, conclude, stop, quit, .desist, terminate, finish, ex- pire, wind up; destroy, kill, put to death. ANT. Begin, commence, in- itiate, start, open; restore, re- vivify. Endanger. Hazard, risk, peril; commit, compromise, expose to danger, jeopardize. ANT. Protect, shield, save, defend, cover, screen, preserve. Endear. Make dear, attach, se- cure the affection of, gain ; con- ciliate. ANT. Estrange, alienate, em- bitter, antagonize. Endeavor, v. Attempt, essay, try, strive, undertake, make ef- fort, labor, aim, exert one's self. ANT. Neglect, omit, aban- don, drop, dismiss, pass by, let go, give up, throw away, up, or over, overlook. Endless. Interminable, bound- less, limitless, infinite, immeas- urable, illimitable; everlasting, perpetual, eternal, unending, without end; incessant, cease- less, uninterrupted, continual, continuous; immortal, death- less, undying, imperishable. ANT. Limited, brief, tempo- rary, periodic, transient, fugi- tive, finite, ephemeral, transi- tory, temporal. Endow. Furnish with dowry, enrich, endue, put on, invest, present, furnish, qualify, sup- ply, clothe. ANT. Denude, deprive, di- vest, spoliate, strip, impover- ish, despoil. Endowment. Grant, gift, be- quest, bounty, present, largess, boon : property, fund, revenue ; talent, faculty, power, quality, capability, aptitude, parts, ge- nius, qualification, ability; at- [ 97 ] end] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [eng tainment, provision, benefac- tion. ANT. Poverty, lack, inca- pacity, impoverishment, spoli- ation. Endure. Suffer, submit, bear, tolerate, allow, sustain, sup- port, undergo, abide, afford, brook ; experience ; continue, remain, persist, be permanent. ANT. Fail, sink, succumb, surrender, yield, break down, despair, droop, faint, fall, fal- ter, give out, give up. Enemy. Adversary, competitor, foe, opponent, rival, antagonist. ANT. Abettor, ally, friend, accomplice, supporter, helper, accessory, associate, compan- ion, familiar, confidant, adher- ent. Energetic. Vigorous, active, forcible, powerful, effective, po- tent, efficacious, efficient, able, capable. ANT. Weak, languid, faint, drooping, pining, exhausted, feeble; listless, spiritless, inac- tive. Energy. Agility, activity, force, power, potency, strength, inten- sity, vigor, might, efficacy, effi- ciency; spirit, animation, life, manliness, animal spirits, zeal. ANT. Indolence, slowness, sloth, clumsiness, lassitude, in- activity, sluggishness, heavi- ness, inertness, laziness. Enervate. Unnerve, weaken, en- feeble, debilitate, effeminate; break, paralyze; incapacitate. ANT. Invigorate, strengthen, harden, nerve, brace, empower. Enfeeble. Enervate, weaken, de- bilitate, unnerve. ANT. Strengthen, nerve, in- vigorate, brace. Enfold. Envelop, wrap, enclose, embrace, encircle, encompass. ANT. Disclose, unwrap, de- velop, reveal, expose. Enforce. Urge, impress, com- pel, constrain, oblige, force, re- quire, exact, exert, strain. ANT. Relax, abandon, remit, waive, forego. Enforcement. Inculcation, ex- ecution, sanction, constraint, compulsion. ANT. Relaxation, abandon- went, remission. Enfranchise. Endow with fran- chise or suffrage; free, emanci- pate, release, qualify, manumit. ANT. Disenfranchise, dis- qualify. Engage. Promise, bind, pledge, commit; plight, affiance, be- troth ; enlist, induce to serve ; attract, allure, gain, win, enter- tain; arrest, fix, occupy, busy, employ, engross; encounter, at- tack, fight with, battle with; contend, struggle, contest; in- volve ; stipulate, agree ; adopt. ANT. Decline, refuse, i&ith- draio, extricate, disengage, dismiss, discard; retreat, re- tract. Engagement. Promise, stipu- lation, contract, obligation, assurance, pledge ; betrothal, affiancing ; employment, occu- pation, business, vocation ; com- bat, battle, contest, fight, en- counter, action, conflict. ANT. Release, liberation; dismissal; excuse. Engaging. Attractive, winning, charming, pleasing, interesting, delightful. ANT. Repulsive, unattrac- tive, disagreeable. Engender. Beget, generate, cre- ate, breed, produce, cause, occa- sion, propagate. ANT. Stifle, destroy, extin- guish, blioht. prevent, neutral- eng] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [eno Engrave. Carve, cut, chisel, im- print, cut in, infix, grave, im- press deeply; sculpture, stereo- type. ANT. Erase, obliterate, wear out, efface, destroy; carve in re- lief. Engross. Absorb, engage, mo- nopolize, engulf, occupy, fore- stall; copy. ANT. Distract, disperse, dis- sipate, scatter, vanish. Enhance. Heighten, swell, raise the price of, advance ; augment, increase ; aggrandize. ANT. Undervalue, depreciate, disparage, detract, underesti- mate. Enigmatic, Enigmatical. Ob- scure, puzzling, hidden, myste- rious, perplexing, unintelligible, ambiguous, recondite, incom- prehensible, mystical, occult. ANT. Plain, clear, manifest, self-evident, lucid, explanatory, open, intelligible. Enjoin. Urge, admonish, advise, order, direct, command, bid, re- quire; prohibit, restrain; com- mission, ordain, oblige, pre- scribe. ANT. Dissuade; remit, ab- solve, exonerate; recall, dis- pense with, disqitalif'f. Enjoy. Possess; delight in, like, be pleased with. ANT. Dislike, loathe, endure, tolerate, lose, disrelish. Enjoyment. Pleasure, delight, happiness, gratification ; frui- tion ; possession ; satisfaction, gladness, felicity. ANT. Misery, wretchedness, grief, affliction, suffering, ca- lamity. Enlarge. Amplify, augment, in- crease, extend, expand, mag- nify; make greater, ennoble; dilate, descant, expatiate; swell, grow. ANT. Contract, narrow, re- duce, diminish, restrict, lessen, curtail. Enlighten. Illuminate, light up; inform, teach, edify, make intelligent, instruct. ANT. Dark-en, obscure; mys- tify, mislead, perplex, con- found. Enlist. Enroll, register, incor- porate, enter, embody, record, chronicle, muster. ANT. Erase, expunge, with- draw, dismiss, disband, muster out. Enliven. Amuse, quicken, ani- mate, rouse, invigorate, in- spire, inspirit, cheer, delight, gladden, exhilarate. ANT. Depress, dispirit, sub- due, sober, moderate, oppress, weary, paralyze, deaden, tire, stupefy. Enmity. Hatred, hostility, ma- lice, rancor, animosity, antago- nism, acrimony, bitterness, ill will, malevolence, spite, malig- nity, maliciousness, opposition, asperity, aversion, hate, dis- cord. ANT. Friendship, love, affec- tion, esteem, cordiality, amity, alliance, concord, agreement, re- gard, harmony, sympathy, kind- liness, kindness. Ennoble. Dignify, elevate, ex- alt, ameliorate, enlarge, make great. ANT. Debase, degrade, dete- riorate, depress, deprave, cor- rupt, vitiate. Enormity. Depravity, atrocity, wickedness, villainy, outrng- eousness, heinousness, nefari- ousness, abomination, perpetra- tion, sin. ANT. Innocence, righteous- ness, guilelessness, inoffensive- ness. Enormous. Huge, vast, immense, •no] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ent immoderate, inordinate, abnor- mal, exceptional, monstrous, gi- gantic, colossal, prodigious, ele- phantine ; heinous, depraved, nefarious. ANT. Trivial, insignificant, ordinary, average, diminutive, moderate. Enough. Sufficient, plenty, sat- isfactory, ample, abundant. ANT. Insufficient, short, in- adequate, scant, ill-supplied, tare. Enrage. Exasperate, provoke, irritate, madden, incite, in- cense, inflame, infuriate, excite, aggravate, anger. ANT. Soothe, conciliate, al- lay, tame, quiet, mollify, ap- pease, pacify, tranquilize. Enrapture. Enchant, entrance, enravish, delight, transport, beatify, satisfy, please, glad- den, fascinate, bewitch, capti- vate, charm, attract, enamor, enslave. ANT. Disgust, nauseate, re- pel, torment, torture, horrify. Enrich. Aggrandize, enhance, endow, augment, store, supply ; adorn, decorate, ornament, em- bellish; fertilize. ANT. Impoverish, rob, de- nude, fleece, reduce, beggar, de- spoil, strip. Enroll. Enlist, register, record, chronicle, embody, list, cata- logue. ANT. Erase, expunge, with- draw. Enrolment. Registration ; reg- ister, record. ANT. Omission; withdrawal; erasure. Enshrine. Treasure, preserve, cherish, embalm, consecrate. ANT. Lose, misplace, expose, destroy, desecrate. Enslave. Captivate, charm, en- thral, subjugate, master, domi- nate, bewitch, delight, fasci- nate. ANT. Repel, disgust, alien- ate; free. Ensue. Follow, result, eventu- ate, succeed, befall, accrue, hap- pen, take place, supervene; issue, arise, spring, come. ANT. Precede, herald, intro- duce; forewarn, threaten, pre- monish, caution. Entail. Transfer, transmit, fix, devolve, involve, bequeath, de- mise, leave, induce, necessitate. ANT. Prevent, obviate, nul- lify; neutralize; estrange, ali- enate, supersede. Entangle. Implicate, Involve, compromise, entrap, knot, per- plex, embarrass, confuse, inter- twist, interweave, intertwine. ANT. Straighten, extricate, disentangle, unravel, deliver. Enter. Go or come into; pierce, penetrate; begin, commence; enroll, inscribe, chronicle, note, register, record ; engage in ; em- bark, enlist, join; invade. ANT. Depart, leave, issue, quit, vacate; go out; finish, end; withdraw from, retire, re- sign. Enterprise. Adventure, under- taking, effort, attempt, essay, endeavor, trial, experiment ; en- ergy, activity, readiness, will- ingness; progress. ANT. Routine, monotony, humdrum, matter-of-fact, un- progressiveness ; caution, inac- tivity. Enterprising. Venturesome, ad- venturous, daring, audacious, bold; prompt, alert, active, en- ergetic, efficient, spirited, stren- uous, eager, zealous, stirring; progressive, speculative. ANT. Timid, cautious, in- active, fearful, cowardly; con- servative; wary, prudent, di»~ [ 1001 ent] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ent creet, anxious, careful, thought- ful; indolent, unenterprising, inactive, unready, laggard. Entertain. Amuse, interest, di- vert, cheer, delight, recreate, beguile, please, occupy, gratify, enliven, disport; consider, pon- der; lodge, treat hospitably, cherish, harbor, hold, receive. ANT. Annoy, tire, bore, dis- - turb, weary, distract, disquiet; refuse, reject, deny, debar, ex- clude, eject. Entertainment. Delight, diver- sion, amusement, cheer, enjoy- ment, pastime, fun, merriment, pleasure, recreation, sport, hos- pitality, frolic, reception, lodg- ing. ANT. Weariness, work, toil, ennui, labor, fatigue, disturb- ance; refusal, rejection. Enthrone. Crown, instal, exalt, Olevate, invest with power. ANT. Dethrone, depose, de- base, degrade. Enthusiasm. Ardor, earnest- ness, excitement, inspiration, frenzy, vehemence, warmth, ec- stasy, passion, zeal, rapture, eagerness, devotion, fervency, fanaticism, fervor, intensity, transport. ANT. Indifference, caution, calmness, prudence, timidity, policy, coldness, dulness, cal- culation, lukewarmness, dead- ness, callousness. Entice. Lure, attract, seduce, coax, persuade, wheedle, cajole, delude, entrap, decoy, inveigle, lead astray, induce. ANT. Warn, hinder, deter, repel, admonish, caution, make aware. Entire. Whole, complete, per- fect, unimpaired, unbroken, un- diminished, undivided; full, in- tegral, thorough, solid, unal- loyed, plenary; unmixed, sheer, mere, unmitigated, pure; total, absolute. ANT. Partial, incomplete, broken, impaired, alloyed, lim- ited, divided, defective, mixed; relative. Entitle. Name, designate, de- nominate, call, style, character- ize; christen; enable, fit, em- power, qualify. ANT. Disable, disqualify. Entity. Being, essence, exis- tence. ANT. Nonentity, chimera, phantom, fantasy, hallucina- tion. Entomb. Bury, inter, inhume. ANT. Exhume, disinter. Entrance. Approach, doorway, opening, door, entry, ingress, gate, gateway, inlet, portal, ac- cess, admission, admittance, en- tree, introduction, penetration, avenue, adit; beginning, com- mencement, initiation. ANT. Departure, egress, re- fusal, exit, withdrawal, ejec- tion, exclusion, expulsion, re- jection. Entreat. Beg, supplicate, solicit, beseech, implore, pray, appeal, petition, adjure, crave, impor- tune, enjoin, urge. ANT. Command, insist, bid, enjoin, charge, direct; grant, heed, hear, answer, respond. Entry. Entrance, ingress, ac- cess; avenue, passage, hall, in- let; minute, note, record, regis- ter, memorandum ; initiation, beginning. ANT. Egress, exit, depart- ure; outlet, vent; misrecord, falsification, blank, omission; conclusion, quittance, disposal. Entwine. Interlace, weave, en- twist, wreathe together or round. ANT. Disentwine, dissever, untwist. [ 101 ] enu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [equ Enumerate. Compute, reckon, numerate, number, tell, cite, es- timate, recount, specify, detail, calculate, rehearse, recapitu- late. ANT. Mingle, jumble, con- fuse; miscount, misreclcon, mis- calculate. Enunciate. Announce, proclaim, declare ; pronounce, syllable ; state, propound, articulate, re- late, utter, publish, promulgate. ANT. Mutter, babble, stam- mer. Envelop, v. Wrap, surround, en- circle, fold, encompass, cover, hide. ANT. Expose, unwrap, re- veal, extract; develop. Envenom. Poison, taint, vitiate, infect, pollute; embitter; en- rage, provoke, exasperate, irri- tate, madden, inflame. ANT. Purify, disinfect; de- light, please, gratify. Envious. Jealous, suspicious, grudging. ANT. Friendly, kindly, well- disposed, trustful, contented, satisfied. Environ. Surround, encircle, en- compass, gird, belt, enclose, en- velop; invest, besiege, hem in, beset. Envoy. Messenger (in diplo- matic service) ; ambassador, minister, legate, plenipotenti- ary. ANT. Scout, spy, orderly (as messengers in military ser- vice). Envy. Malice, ill will ; jealousy, hate, spite, hatred, grudging; chagrin, discontent, mortifica- tion. ANT. Admiration, good will, regard, esteem, benevolence; as- piration, emulation. Ephemeral. Transient, momen- tary, daily, diurnal, fleeting, fu- gitive, brief, evanescent, transi- tory. ANT. Permanent, immortal, eternal, lasting, enduring, per- petual, abiding, persistent, pe- rennial. Epigrammatic. Pointed, terse, laconic, concise, graphic. ANT. Diffuse, prolix, point- less, copious, circumlocutory, verbose, periphrastic. Epitome. Summary, compend, abstract, curtailment, reduc- tion. ANT. Expansion, extension, amplification, dilation. Equable. Even, uniform, steady, regular, proportionate, smooth, easy, invariable. ANT. Variable, fitful, irregu~ lar, disjointed, desultory, un- easy. Equal. Like, equivalent, identi- cal, tantamount; uniform, reg- ular, even, steady; proportion- ate, commensurate; impartial, unbiased; competent, fit, ade- quate, sufficient; fair, equit- able, just. ANT. Dissimilar, unsteady, incommensurate, irregular, dis- proportionate; incompetent, in- adequate; unjust, unfair; vari- able, disparate. Equality. Likeness, uniformity, identity, evenness, equableness, sameness of rank. ANT. Dissimilarity, differ- ence. Equanimity. Composure, calm- ness, tranquillity, steadiness, serenity. ANT. Impatience, perturba- tion, restlessness, disquiet. Equip. Accouter, arm, provide, furnish, fit out, supply, dress, array, garnish, arrange, invest, clothe. ANT. Divest, denude, dis- mantle, despoil, derange. [ 102 equ] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [err Equipage. Carriage, retinue, vehicle, attendance, procession, suite, train ; equipment, furni- ture, baggage, effects. Equipment. Accouterments, ap- paratus, furnishings, dress, rig- ging, trappings, gear, outfit, provisions, equipage, arms, sup- plies. Equitable. Upright, just, im- partial, unbiased, unprejudiced, reasonable, fair, right, proper, honest, even-handed, propor- tionate. ANT. Unfair, unjust, unrea- sonable, partial, prepossessed, prejudiced, biased. Equity. Justice, right, upright- ness, rectitude, fairness, impar- tiality, fair play, honesty, in- tegrity. ANT. Injustice, corruption, dishonesty, partiality, unfair- ness, prejudice. Equivalent. Equal, equipollent, tantamount; synonymous, in- terchangeable, equiponderant. ANT. Unequal, incommensu- rate, uneven, unbalanced. Equivocal. Ambiguous, indefi- nite, enigmatical, dubious, un- certain, doubtful, questionable, perplexing, indeterminate, in- distinct, suspicious. ANT. Evident, clear, plain, di- rect, manifest, obvious, indubi- table, unquestionable, perspic- uous, unambiguous, lucid, dis- tinct, certain, indisputable. Eradicate. Abolish, extinguish, exterminate, extirpate, uproot, destroy, annihilate, excise. ^NT. Cherish, encourage, in- stil, propagate, implant, incul- cate, inspire, foster. Erase. Efface, expunge, cancel, obliterate, blot out, scratch out. ANT. Mark, delineate, ivrite, inscribe, imprint, engrave. Erect, a. Upright, standing, ele- vated; bold, undaunted, firm. ANT. Leaning, lying, supine; groveling, abject; mean, servile, coicardly. Erect, v. Raise, uplift, place or set upright, build, construct; exalt, elevate, magnify; estab- lish, institute, form, found, plant. ANT. Lower, incline, slant; subvert, depress, remove, de- stroy, demolish; debase, de- grade. Err. Deviate, wander, ramble, rove; mistake, misjudge, blun- der; sin, fall, lapse, trip, offend, trespass, misapprehend, stray, stumble, go astray. ANT. Succeed, prosper; cor- rect, rectify. Errand. Message, mandate, com- mission, mission, charge, dele- gation. ANT. Misannouncement, mis- delivery. Erratic. Wandering, nomadic, roving, rambling; planetary, moving ; irregular, eccentric, abnormal ; desultory, aberrant, flighty, changeful, capricious. ANT. Static, stationary; un- der iating, steady, regular, nor- mal; unalterable, methodical, calculable. Erring. Sinful, fallible, liable to err, wandering, misguided, misled. ANT. Virtuous, good, up- right. Error. Blunder, mistake, misap- prehension, oversight, inaccu- racy; sin, fault, offense, trans- gression, iniquity, trespass, de- linquency, misdeed, shortcom- ing, wrongdoing ; deception, fallacy, untruth, falsity, hallu- cination. ANT. Truth, correctness, ac- curacy; correction, [ 103 ] 'eru] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [eti rectification; exactness, verifi- cation. Erudition. Knowledge, learn- ing, lore, scholarship, letters. ANT. Illiterateness, dunce- dom, sciolism, ignorance, stu- pidity. Eruption. Explosion, outbreak, outburst; sally, sudden excur- sion; discharge, eructation, ex- sufnation, ejection. ANT. Absorption, swallow- ing, engulfing, engrossment, ir- ruption, inburst; consumption, devouring. Escape. Avoid, shun, evade, flee from, elude; pass unobserved; abscond, fly, hide. ANT. Incur, encounter, meet, confront; suffer. Esoteric. Private, secret, acroa- matic, inner, inmost; abstruse, profound ; special, advanced. ANT. Exoteric, public, popu- lar; rudimentary, primary, ele- mentary. Essence. Nature, quintessence, substance, vital part, element; volatile part, extract ; perfume ; scent, odor ; being, existence, en- tity, life. ANT. Accident; property; garb, clothing, surroundings. Essential. Vital, necessary, in- dispensable, requisite, impor- tant; volatile, pure, diffusible, highly rectified; innate, inher- ent, immanent, leading. ANT. Accidental, induced, im- ported, adventitious; quantita- tive, qualitative; promotive, re- dundant, regulative, superflu- ous. Establish. Fix, settle, make steadfast; decree, enact, or- dain; institute, originate, con- stitute, found, plant, organize, form; place, secure, set up; confirm, sanction, ratify, ap- prove; verify, prove, substanti- ate; fulfil, carry out, make good; endow; demonstrate. ANT. Unsettle, supplant, dis- establish, break up, subvert, up- set; misstate, refute, confute; guess, conjecture, presume, sup- pose, surmise. Estate. State, condition; rank, position; property, possessions, fortune, effects; class, division, order; lands, demesne, domain, freehold. ANT. State, country, chat- tels, community, waste, goods, effects. Esteem, n. Estimate, favor, re- gard, respect, estimation; ad- miration. ANT. Aversion, hatred, dis- like, contempt, abhorrence, an- tipathy, repugnance, loathing. Esteem, v. Estimate, hold, re- gard, prize, value, think, ap- preciate, deem, calculate, con- sider; price; believe, affect; revere, honor, respect, admire, venerate, love, like. ANT. Disregard, depreciate, undervalue, dislike, misprize, underrate, decry. Estimable. Appreciable, calcu- lable, computable; worthy, ex- cellent, good, deserving, meri- torious; amiable, lovable, de- lectable, praiseworthy. ANT. Unworthy, bad, inde- lectable, unamiable; undeserv- ing, unlovable. Eternal. Immortal, perpetual, fadeless, perennial, unfailing, imperishable, endless, everlast- ing, ever-living, interminable, never-ending, never-fading, un- ceasing, timeless, undying, un- ending, unfading; infinite. ANT. Ephemeral, transient, fleeting, mortal, temporal, tran- sitory, evanescent, sublunary. Etiquette. Manners, breeding, fashion, conventionality. [ 104 eup] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [evi ANT. Misobservance, non- conformance, boorishness, rude- ness, singularity. Euphonious. Euphonic, melli- fluous, clear, musical, silvery, sweet-toned, melodious, harmo- nious, mellow. ANT. Harsh, discordant, dis- sonant. Euphuism. Purism, finical style, fastidious delicacy, affected elegance, high-flown diction, pompous or extravagantly or- nate diction; affectation, facti- tiousness, pedantry, highflying (used of language). ANT. Simplicity, vernacu- lar, mother-tongue, bluntness, naturalness, rusticity. Evacuate. Empty; eject, expel, excrete, throw out, discharge, void; quit, leave, forsake, de- sert, abandon, withdraw from, relinquish. ANT. Seize, occupy, hold, fill. Evaporate. Vaporize, disperse in vapor; disappear, evanesce, vanish; exhale, emit in vapor; turn to vapor ; melt, colliquate, liquefy, dissolve, distil. ANT. Consolidate, compact, solidify, crystallize, indurate. Evasion. Prevarication, equivo- cation, quibbling, subterfuge, shuffling, sophistry, tergiversa- tion, disingenuousness ; shift, quibble, fencing. ANT. Answer, counter-argu- ment, grappling; straightfor- wardness; challenge. Even. Smooth, level, hat, plane ; equal, uniform, calm, steady, unruffled; fair, just, equitable; plain, flush ; well-balanced. ANT. Variable, uneven; ab- rupt, inclined, rugged. Event. Circumstance, chance, incident, fortune, result, possi- bility, sequel, outcome, fact, episode, end, contingency, case, issue, consequence; occurrence, adventure, accident. ANT. Cause, antecedent, op- eration, inducement, contribu- tion, convergence, tendency, pre- disposition. Eventful. Stirring, memorable, signal, momentous, important, critical, remarkable, marked, noted, notable. ANT. Ordinary, unmarked, eventless, uninteresting, unim- portant, characterless, trivial. Ever. At any time ; always, per- petually, continually, evermore, eternally, aye, for aye, forever, at all times; constantly, inces- santly. ANT. Never. Everlasting. Endless, unending, perpetual, incessant, ceaseless, continual, uninterrupted, un- ceasing, interminable, eternal, constant, never-ending, never- ceasing; imperishable, undying, never-dying, deathless, immor- tal, ever-living; infinite. ANT. Ephemeral, transient, transitory. Every. All, any, both, either, each. ANT. None, no one, not any one. Evict. Dispossess, eject, throw out. ANT. Reinstate, admit; Zo- cate, lodge, settle. Evidence. Testimony, ground of belief, proof; manifestation, at- traction, testimony, averment, deposition, declaration, appear- ance, sign, token, indication, ex- emplification, illustration. ANT. Surmise, conjecture; counter-evidence; refutation, disproof; concealment, misin- dication, suppression, fallacy. Evident. Patent, clear, palpa- ble, manifest, transparent, via- ible, perceptible, obvious, open, 105 ] €Vi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [exc conspicuous, apparent, distinct, discernible, indubitable, overt, plain, unmistakable, tangible; indisputable, incontrovertible. ANT. Doubtful, uncertain, questionable, dubious; hidden, concealed, secret, undiscovered, obscure, latent, unseen, unim- agined, unknown; covert, dark, invisible ; impenetrable, occult, impalpable, imperceptible, un- thought of. il, a. Ill, noxious, deleteri- ous, wrong, bad, hurtful, mis- chievous, sinful, unhappy, ad- verse, unpropitious, harmful, wicked, corrupt, unfair, notori- ous, miserable, sorrowful. ANT. Wholesome, right, vir- tuous, beneficial, holy, pure, fe- licitous, happy, fortunate, joy- ous, welcome, grateful, worthy, good, honorable. Evince. Prove, show, evidence, exhibit, manifest, demonstrate ; establish; indicate, display. ANT. Suppress, negative, disprove, conceal. Evoke. Summon, call forth; excite, arouse, elicit, rouse, pro- voke, educe, produce; elimi- nate, extract. ANT. Allay, stifle, stop, si- lence, prevent, seal. Exactly. Precisely, accurately, strictly, nicely. ANT. Loosely, inaccurately, incorrectly, differently. Exaggerate. Overstate, strain, overcharge, stretch, overcolor; amplify, enlarge, magnify, over- draw, heighten, overpaint, over- estimate. ANT. Disparage, attenuate, palliate, understate, underesti- mate, minimize, mitigate, qual- ify, soften, modify. Examine. Inspect, observe, in- vestigate, scrutinize, consider, Btudy; canvass, test, inquire into, search into, look into; weigh, ponder, criticize, prove, discuss, overhaul, explore. ANT. Conjecture, guess; dis- card, slur; misconsider, misin- vestigate. Example. Model, pattern, ideal, archetype, exemplar, standard, sample, specimen, type, warn- ing, ensample, exemplification, prototype; copy, illustration, instance; issue, development. ANT. Stock, material, sub- stance, laio, rule, case, system, character, principle, quality. Excavate. Hollow, dig, scoop out, cut, trench; discover, dis- inter. ANT. Inter, inhume, bury; conceal; fill, level. Except, prep. Excepting, with- out, saving, unless, exclusive of. Except, v. Exclude, save, bar; segregate, negative. ANT. Include, reckon, count, state, classify, propound, ad- mit, affirm. Exception. Exclusion, omission, non-inclusion; objection; af- front, offense; unusual case, anomaly; qualification, sepa- ration. ANT. Rule, class; statement, proposition. Exceptionable. Undesirable, ob- jectionable. ANT. Unobjectionable, de- sirable, exemplary. Exceptional. Irregular, rare, unusual, uncommon, unnatural, peculiar, anomalous, abnormal, aberrant, exceptive. ANT. Common, usual, nor- mal, ordinary, regular. Excess. Surplus, waste, extrav- agance, wastefulness, superflu- ity, lavishness, exorbitance, su- perabundance, dissipation, in- temperance, profusion, procli- [ 106 ] exc] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [exe gality, redundance; increase, debauchery. ANT. Frugality, economy; dearth, deficiency, defect, want, shortcoming, lack, need, pov- erty; failure, destitution, inad- equacy, insufficiency, scanti- ness; temperance, sobriety. Excessive. Superabundant, dis- proportionate, undue, exuber- ant, superfluous ; immoderate, intemperate, extreme ; violent, vehement; enormous, exorbi- tant, overmuch, inordinate, un- reasonable, extravagant. ANT. Insufficient, scant, in- adequate, lacking, wanting, de- ficient. Excitability. Sensibility, sen- sitiveness; irritability, irasci- bility, passionateness. ANT. Immobility, hebetude, composure; insensitiveness, im- perturbability. Excommunicate. Dismiss, ex- pel, denounce, proscribe, anath- ematize, exscind; exclude, ban- ish, bar, eject, blackball. ANT. Admit, readmit, enroll, inaugurate. Excrescence. Tumor, protuber- ance; superfluity, useless ap- pendage; redundancy. ANT. Eradication, extirpa- tion, excision, levigation, exsec- tion. Excruciate. Torture, torment, rack, agonize. ANT. Soothe, please, tran- quilize. Exculpate. Absolve, exonerate, acquit, clear, set right, vindi- cate; defend, release. ANT. Charge, implicate, in- culpate. Excursion. Trip, ramble, tour, jaunt, journey, expedition. Excusable. Pardonable, venial. ANT. Inexcusable, unpar- donable. Excuse, v. Pardon, forgive, ab- solve, acquit, exonerate, excul- pate; extenuate, justify; free, exempt, release, let off; over- look, regard indulgently, con- done; remit, vindicate, defend, mitigate. ANT. Charge, condemn, tn- culpate, convict, sentence; ex- act, accuse. Execrable. Detestable, cursed, loathsome, accursed, villainous, hateful, abominable, damnable, diabolical, odious, abhorrent; offensive, disgusting, nauseous, obnoxious, repulsive, revolting, vile. ANT. Desirable, respectable, laudable, eligible. Execration. Curse, malediction, ban, anathema, imprecation of evil ; detestation, abhorrence, horror, loathing, abomination; denunciation. ANT. Benediction, blessing. Execute. Administer, perform, enforce, carry out, do. ANT. Fail, be lacking, disap- point. Exemplary. Laudable, praise- worthy, excellent, correct, esti- mable, worthy, virtuous; pat- ternlike, close, faithful, exact, scrupulous, assiduous, punctil- ious, rigid, punctual, rigorous; worthy of imitation, fit for a pattern. ANT. Detestable, objection- able, exceptionable. Exemplify. Illustrate, show by example ; manifest, embody, ex- hibit, represent. ANT. Belie, betray, misrep- resent, falsify. Exempt, v. Relieve, set free, re- lease, grant immunity to, ex- cuse, exonerate, except. ANT. Subject, render liable, bind, oblige ; expose. Exempt, o. Free, irresponsible, [ 107 ] «xe] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS liberated, clear, absolved, priv- ileged, unamenable. ANT. Liable, subject, amen- able, responsible. Exemption. Immunity, privi- lege, exception, release, freedom from liability; dispensation, li- cense. ANT. Liability, amenable- ness, responsibility, subjection, obligation. Exercise, n. Application, drill, employment, exertion ; prac- tice, training; occupation, use; performance, operation, act, ac- tivity, action. ANT. Inaction, idleness, re- laxation, rest, inactivity; ease, recreation. Exertion. Use, exercise; effort, endeavor, struggle, trial, at- tempt, stretch, strain; labor, toil. ANT. Relaxation, rest, rec- reation. Exhalation. Evaporation ; va- por, fume, steam, smoke, fog, reek; mist, damp, effluvium. ANT. Inhalation, exsicca- tion, absorption. Exhale. Emit, breathe out, give out, evaporate ; vaporize. ANT. Inhale, breathe in, in- spire. Exhaust. Drain, empty, expend, spend, waste, consume, squan- der, lavish, dissipate, destroy; prostrate, cripple, weaken, de- bilitate, enervate, disable, wear out, weary. ANT. Fill, replenish, aug- ment, refresh, invigorate. Exhibit. Show, display; mani- fest, express, disclose, indicate, make known, evince ; offer, pre- sent, propose; betray; demon- strate, illustrate. ANT. Conceal, mask, hide, secrete, suppress. Exhibition. Sight, representa- tion, pageant, display, manifes- tation, show. Exhilarate. Cheer, enliven, in- spire, inspirit, stimulate, ani- mate, elate, gladden; rejoice, delight, please. ANT. Depress, unnerve, un- hinge, dispirit. Exhort. Urge, stimulate, per- suade, incite, encourage; ad- vise, counsel, enjoin. ANT. Dissuade, warn, depre- cate, remonstrate. Exigency. Demand, urgency, need, necessity, requirement, want; pressure, crisis, emer- gency, juncture, quandary; con- juncture, pass, pinch, strait. ANT. Provision, rule, sup- ply, course, preparation. Exile, n. Banishment, expulsion, ostracism, proscription, expatri- ation; separation, isolation; banished person. ANT. Welcome, return; re- maining; cherishing, fostering, retaining. Exile, v. Banish, expatriate, os- tracize, expel, proscribe, rele- gate. ANT. Welcome, reinstate, do- mesticate, domiciliate. Existence. Being, subsistence; entity, essence, creature, thing; life, animation; continuation, duration. ANT. Nonentity, non-exist- ence, chimera. Expand. Open, spread out; di- late, enlarge, stretch, distend; swell, diffuse, extend, increase; develop, unfold, amplify. ANT. Contract, curtail, con- dense, restrict, attenuate. Expanse. Extent, stretch, ex- pansion ; firmament, sky, can- opy, vault, welkin; vast, void, space, breadth. ANT. Limit, enclosure, con- fine, bound. 108 ] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [exp Expatiate. Rove, range; dilate, enlarge, descant, be copious, launch out, amplify. ANT. Contract, summarize, condense, epitomize. Expect. Await, look for; anti- cipate, rely upon, count upon, reckon or calculate upon, look forward to; look for, forecast, forebode, foresee. ANT. Welcome, greet, hail, recognize; realize. Expectation. Anticipation, ex- pectance, prospect, expectancy; reliance, confidence, assurance, presumption; trust, hope. ANT. Recollection, remem- brance, retrospect ; distrust, de- spair, discouragement. Expediency. Fitness, propriety, suitableness, desirableness, ad- visability ; advantage, utility, profit, usefulness ; profitable- ness, advantageousness ; inter- est. ANT. Disadvantage, detri- ment, inutility, inexpediency. Expedition. Haste, speed, celer- ity, despatch, alertness, prompt- ness, alacrity, quickness ; enter- prise, undertaking; march, voy- age. ANT. Delay, tardiness, pro- crastination. Expend. Disburse, spend, lay out; use, exert, consume, em- ploy; waste, exhaust, spread, scatter, dissipate. ANT. Save, economize, hus- band. Expense. Expenditure, outgo, cost, outlay ; price, charge, pay- ment. ANT. Income, gain, proceeds, return, profit, product, receipts. Expensive. Dear, costly, high- priced; lavish, wasteful, ex- travagant; valuable, rich. ANT. Cheap, worthless, poor; economical. Experience, n. Actual observa- tion, feeling, or presentation; practice, experimental knowl- edge; experiment, trial, proof, test, knowledge, habit. ANT. Anticipation, expecta- tion. Experience, v. Feel, undergo, prove by trial, endure, suffer, be subject to; try, encounter. ANT. Evade, escape, lose, miss. Experienced. Practiced, versed, accomplished, able, qualified, in- structed, thoroughbred; famil- iar, skilled, accustomed, con- versant. ANT. Inexperienced, strange^ unpracticed. Experiment. Trial, test, assay, examination, proof, touchstone, ordeal ; observation, investiga- tion, experimentation; illustra- tion, exemplification. ANT. Hypothesis, conjecture, assumption. Explain. Elucidate, expound, in- terpret, unfold, clear up, make plain; account for, make intel- ligible, give the reasons for, solve, warrant, trace to causes, justify; teach, decipher. ANT. Mystify, bewilder, ob- scure, darken, misinterpret. Explanation. Elucidation, in- terpretation, exposition, illus- tration, description, explica- tion; solution, warrant, justi- fication, account, key; mutual understanding; sense. ANT. Confusion, misinter- pretation, mystification, obscu- ration. Explicit. Express, clear, plain, definite, positive, unambiguous, unreserved, categorical, deter- minate; detailed, declaratory, unobscure, stated. ANT. Ambiguous, doubtful* indefinite, uncertain, vague, im- [ 109 ] exp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ext plied, implicit, indeterminate; hinted, suggestive, obscure. Exponent. Index, indication, ex- ample, type, representative, il- lustration, specimen; advocate, interpreter, propounder. ANT. System, creed, prin- ciple, opinion. Export, v. Send out, carry out, send abroad, ship, produce. ANT. Import; consume. Exposed. Unprotected, defense- less, unguarded, endangered. ANT. Guarded, defended, pro- tected. Expostulate. Object, dissuade, remonstrate. ANT. Abet, coincide, agree, confirm. Express, v. Squeeze out; utter, declare, assert, speak; repre- sent, indicate, show, signify, ex- hibit, denote, intimate; send by express. ANT. Suppress, repress, con- ceal. Express, a. Explicit, clear, defi- nite, plain, determinate, posi- tive, categorical; exact, accu- rate, faithful, true, close, pre- cise; special, particular; swift, rapid, fast; specific, pointed, direct. ANT. General; vague; leis- urely; inaccurate, inexact, ap- proximate. Expression. Squeezing out; as- sertion, statement, utterance, declaration; phrase, mode of speech, term ; general tone, per- vading effect, look, cast of coun- tenance; lively representation; modulation, feeling, execution; indication. ANT. Suppression, restraint, repression ; face, features, line- ament; falsification, misstate- ment, solecism, enigma. Expunge. Erase, efface, oblit- erate, cancel, blot out, delete. ANT. Mark, write, trace, de- lineate. Exquisite. Nice, accurate, deli- cate, discriminating, exact, re- fined ; precious, valuable, select, choice, rare, excellent; perfect, complete, matchless, consum- mate; keen, poignant, acute, in- tense; delicious. ANT. Common, coarse, ordi- nary; unrefined. Extemporaneous. Improvised, unpremeditated, extempore, im- promptu, extemporary, offhand. ANT. Prepared, studied, pre- meditated, read, written, elabo- rated; rehearsed, recited. Extend. Stretch, reach ; prolong, continue, lengthen, protract; expand, dilate, enlarge, widen, augment, increase; diffuse; im- part, give, offer, yield ; amplify, avail, apply. ANT. Contract, restrict, cur- tail, limit, narrow, reduce, con- dense; miss, fail. Extent. Expanse, amplitude, ex- tension ; volume, bulk, magni- tude, size; stretch, reach, com- pass, length; degree, distance, quantity. ANT. Limitation, diminu- tion, restriction. Extenuate. Lessen, diminish, reduce; palliate, mitigate, ex- cuse, qualify, apologize for. ANT. Enhance, aggravate, heighten. Exterior, a. Outward, external, outer, outside, superficial; for- eign, extrinsic, from without. ANT. Inner, internal, do- mestic, inward. Exterminate. Eradicate, over- throw, uproot, expel, extirpate, annihilate, banish, destroy, re- move, root out, wipe out. ANT. Augment, breed, cher- ish, develop, increase, populate, replenish, settle, plant, fostert [ 110 J ext] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ext propagate, colonize, build up, beget. Extermination. Extirpation, annihilation, eradication, abo- lition, destruction, extinction, excision, elimination. ANT. Settlement, replenish- ment, augmentation, coloniza- tion, population, propagation, increase. External. Outward, outer, ex- terior, outside, superficial; for- eign, extrinsic; visible, appar- ent; manifest, palpable. ANT. Inner, internal, intes- tine, inmost, hidden, non-ap- parent. Extinction. Destruction, anni- hilation, extirpation, extermi- nation, abolition ; extinguish- ment; stifling, death, suffoca- tion, cessation, obsolescence. ANT. Inception, origination, birth, course, life, operation, action, exercise, continuance, prosperity, survival. Extinguish. Quench ; , destroy, suppress, put down ; extirpate, abolish, eradicate, kill, annihi- late, put out. ANT. Replenish, replant, im- plant, cherish, propagate, pro- mote, invigorate, establish, con- firm, secure. Extort. Exact, wrest, wrench, wring out, force; despoil, ex- press, fleece, squeeze out, ex- tract. ANT. Coax, cheat, wheedle, cajole. Extortionate. Oppressive, ex- acting, severe, hard, harsh; ex- orbitant, close-fisted, rigorous, monstrous, preposterous. ANT. Liberal, bountiful, in- dulgent, fair, moderate, reason- able. Extract, n. Selection, excerpt, passage, citation, quotation. Extract, v. Draw, pull, take out; derive, select, quote, cite; determine, find; educe, elicit, gather, collect, extort. ANT. Insert, replace, incor- porate, restore, reinsert, im- pose. Extraneous. Foreign, extrinsic; non-pertinent, not germane, un- essential, superfluous ; uncon- nected, alien, unrelated, adven- titious, ascititious. ANT. Intrinsic, vital, inter- nal, connected, essential. Extraordinary. Unusual, re- markable, uncommon, singular, signal, egregious, rare, extra; unwonted, peculiar, wonderful, unprecedented, marvelous, pro- digious, monstrous, preposter- ous, strange. ANT. Common, usual, fre- quent, wonted, unremarkable, unimportant, ordinary. Extravagance. Excess, exorbi- tance, enormity, unreasonable- ness, preposterousness; wild- ness, folly, absurdity, irreg- ularity; prodigality, lavish ex- penditure, profusion, waste. ANT. Carefulness, economy, frugality, saving, provision, prudence, foresight. Extravagant. Excessive, inor- dinate, unreasonable, prepos- terous, exorbitant; wild, fool- ish, absurd, irregular; lavish, profuse, wasteful, spendthrift, prodigal. ANT. Sound, sober, consis- tent, fair, rational, economical, frugal, careful, regular, usual. Extreme. Utmost, farthest, ut- termost, outermost; greatest, highest; last, final, ultimate; extravagant, immoderate, ex- cessive, unreasonable ; remote, terminal, distant, most violent. ANT. Initial, primal, judi- cious, moderate. Extremity. End, Terge, termi- exu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fao nation, edge, border, extreme, utmost point ; close, conclusion. ANT. Beginning, commence- ment, opening, center, origin, "bulk, body. Exudation. Ooze, drip, percola- tion, excretion, secretion. ANT. Absorption, parching, aridity. Exultant. Exulting, jubilant, triumphant, elated, joyous, transported. ANT. Mournful, dispirited, depressed. Exultation. Elation, joy, tri- umph, delight, transport, ec- stasy. ANT. Mourning, depression. P fable. Story, myth, legend, al- legory, apologue; plot, action, series of events; fiction, false- hood, lie, untruth, fabrication, forgery, invention, figment; ro- mance, parable, novel. ANT. History, fact, narra- tive. Fabric. Building, structure, edi- fice, pile; texture, make, work- manship, conformation; manu- factured cloth, woven stuff; work, construction, tissue, web. ANT. Destruction, disman- tlement, demolition, fragment, wreck, tatters, ruin, shreds, rags. Fabricate. Build, frame, con- struct ; make, manufacture ; forge, invent, coin, feign; form, falsify, produce, devise, misrep- resent. ANT. Demolish, tear, spoil, dismember, destroy, narrate, lacerate, copy, represent, re- peat, portray. Fabulous. Invented, fabricated, feigned, unreal, coined, ficti- tious ; incredible, pretended, im- aginary, false, monstrous. ANT. Real, actual, historic, authentic, fair, true, reason- able. Facetious. Witty, jocose, jocu- lar, humorous, waggish, funny, comical, pleasant, droll; gay, merry, sportive, lively, enter- taining, sprightly; playful. ANT. Matter-of-fact, heavy, dull, grave, serious, saturnine, somber, lugubrious. Facile. Docile, easy, mild, cour- teous, affable, complaisant, ap- proachable ; pliant, pliable, duc- tile, flexible, yielding, tractable, manageable, compliant; ready, dexterous; indulgent, weak, ir- resolute, characterless. ANT. Resolute, sturdy, ob- stinate, determined, inflexible, crusty, self-willed, self-reliant, independent. Facility. Easiness, ease ; readi- ness, dexterity, expertness, abil- ity, knack; condescension, ur- banity, affability, civility, com- plaisance, politeness; pliancy, flexibility, ductility; appliance, convenience, means, advantage, resource; quickness, adroitness. ANT. Effort, awkwardness, labor, difficulty. Fact. Occurrence, event, deed, incident, act, performance, cir- cumstance ; reality, actuality, certainty, truth. ANT. Fiction, supposition, unreality, falsehood, chimera, lie, delusion, invention, halluci- nation, romance. Factious. Turbulent, refractory, seditious, rebellious, recalci- r 112 fac] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fal trant, litigious, adversative, malcontent. ANT. Genial, complaisant, agreeable, loyal, harmonious, public- spirited, sympathetic, co- operative, auxiliary. Factitious. Artificial; euphuis- tic, affected, finical, cramped, conventional, spurious. ANT. Natural, genial, unaf- fected, pure, genuine, truthful. Fade. Vanish, evanesce, disap- pear, pass away; decline, lan- guish, droop, decay, wither; lose color, grow dim, blanch, bleach, fall, sink, dwindle, pale, change, set, etiolate, fail. ANT. Rise, increase, bloom, grow, flourish, endure, abide, last, stand. Fag. Droop, sink, grow weary, flag; drudge, toil; do menial service, tire, fatigue, jade, ex- haust; work, slave. ANT. Idle, lounge, dawdle; strike; bask. Pail. Fall short, be insufficient, be deficient; decline, sink, de- cay, wane, fade, break, give out; cease, disappear, become ex- tinct; miss, miscarry, be un- successful, miss fire, be frus- trated; omit, neglect; break, become insolvent, suspend pay- ment; trip, lose. ANT. Succeed, exceed, sur- pass, achieve, abound, yield, ex- cel. Paint. Weak, exhausted, worn, listless, languid, wearied, dim, feeble, fatigued, faint-hearted, faded, faltering, half-hearted, irresolute, purposeless, timid, ill-defined, indistinct; unener- getic ; obscure, inconspicuous. ANT. Prominent, marked, glaring ; resolute, sturdy, vigor- ous, strong, fresh, hearty, dar- ing, energetic; clear, brilliant, bright, conspicuous. Fair. Spotless, unspotted, un- blemished, unstained, untar- nished; white, light, blond; handsome, comely, beautiful ; pleasant, clear, cloudless, un- clouded; favorable, prosperous; promising, hopeful; open, dis- tinct, plain, unobstructed, un- encumbered; frank, honest, in- genuous, candid, noble, honor- able, upright, impartial ; rea- sonable, proper, equitable, just ; passable, tolerable, above medi- ocrity; serene. ANT. Lowering, dull, foul, ugly, disfigured, fraudulent, un- fair, dishonorable. Faith. Creed, doctrine, assur- ance, belief, confidence, assent, credence, opinion, trust, credit, reliance. ANT. Distrust, disbelief, dis- sent, doubt, incredulity, infidel- ity, misgiving, skepticism, un- belief, suspicion, rejection. Faithful. Firm, loyal, devoted, stanch, sure, true, trustworthy, trusty, unwavering, incorrupt- ible; attached; accurate, close, consistent, correspondent, ex- act, equivalent. ANT. Inaccurate, inexact; faithless, false, fickle, untrue, wavering, untrustworthy, ca- pricious. Fall. Drop, descend, sink ; lapse, droop, gravitate ; fall down, be prostrated; be lowered, be de- pressed; decrease, decline, be diminished, die away, sin, err, transgress, trip, trespass; die, perish; empty, be discharged, flow; happen, befall, come; be- come, get; pass, be transferred; be dropped, be uttered care- lessly. ANT. Rise, soar, mount, re- cover, climb, ascend. Fallacy. Illusion, deception, de- ceit, delusion, mistake, misap- [ 113 ] fal] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fan prehension, error, misconcep- tion; sophism, sophistry, para- logism, deceitful argument. ANT. Truth, logic, proof, pos- tulate, argument, verity, fact, axiom, soundness. Fallible. Erring, uncertain, ig- norant, weak, frail, imperfect. ANT. Certain, infallible, un- erring, omniscient. Fallow. Pale red or pale yellow ; untilled, unsowed, neglected ; inert, inactive, dormant; quies- cent, idle, uncultivated, unpro- ductive. ANT. Cultivated, tilled, pro- ductive, worked, sown, prolific, operative, fruitful. False. Untrue, mendacious, un- veracious, lying; dishonest, perfidious, treacherous, faith- less, disloyal, dishonorable, dis- ingenuous, double-tongued, false-hearted, double-faced, two- faced; untrustworthy, untruth- ful, unreliable, truthless; spu- rious, counterfeit, forged, not genuine, feigned, sham, hypo- critical, make-believe ; incor- rect, improper, erroneous, un- founded, wrong; fallacious, de- ceptive, deceiving, deceitful, de- lusive, misleading, disappoint- ing; sophistical, mock, bogus, fabricated, unfaithful. ANT. True, sound, correct, authentic, real, genuine, candid, conclusive, honorable, faithful. Falsehood. Falsity, lie, fabrica- tion, untruth, fiction, fib; im- posture, counterfeit, cheat; fal- lacy, error, sophistry, forgery, deception. ANT. Truth, verity, correct- ness, fact, genuineness, honesty, honor, reality, authenticity. Falsify. Misrepresent, counter- feit, belie, misstate, garble; dis- prove, show unsound; violate; mistake, misinterpret, betray. ANT. Verify, rectify, correct, check, certify, justify, expose, declare, exhibit, publish. Falter. Hesitate, stutter, stam- mer; fail, quiver, tremble, tot- ter; waver, be undecided, show weakness; halt, slip, dubitate, demur, flinch, vacillate. ANT. Proceed, speed, flow, run, discourse, determine, per- severe, resolve. Fame. Celebrity, honor, laurels, distinction, notoriety, renown, reputation, repute, glory, emi- nence, credit; report, tidings, rumor, bruit, news. ANT. Silence, suppression, hush; dishonor, discredit, hu- miliation, infamy, shame, ob- scurity, contempt, contumely, disgrace, disrepute, ignominy, oblivion. Familiar. Conversant, well-ac- quainted, well-versed; intimate, close, near, friendly, fraternal, cordial, amicable; social, acces- sible, sociable, affable, kindly, courteous, civil, companionable, conversible ; unceremonious, un- constrained, free, easy, infor- mal ; well-known ; household, frank, everyday, accustomed. ANT. Uncommon, rare, ex- traordinary, strange, unaccus- tomed, unacquainted, new, un~ familiar, inconversant. Famous. Celebrated, renowned, distinguished, remarkable, far- famed, eminent, noted, illustri- ous, glorious. ANT. Unknown, unsung, in* glorious, obscure, forgotten. Fanatic. Enthusiast, zealot, vi- sionary, bigot. ANT. Skeptic, unbeliever, cynic. Fanaticism. Intolerance, super- stition, bigotry, credulity; en- thusiasm, frenzy. ANT. Skepticism, cynicism, t H4 2 fan] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fat indifference, free-thinking, lati- tudinarianism : disbelief, pro- fanity; disrt. (;t;i'd, coldness. Fanciful. Fantastic, grotesque, visionary, imaginative, chimer- ical ; unreal, eccentric, quaint, imaginary, freakish, erroneous, humorsome, capricious, fitful, erratic, whimsical, absurd. ANT. Ordinary, usual, regu- lar, commonplace, real, accu- rate, literal, prosaic, reason- able, sensible, solid, sure, true, sound, calculable, calculated; natural, sober, truthful, cor- rect. Fancy. Imagination, whim, va- gary, caprice, belief, conceit, conception, desire, humor, idea, image, inclination, mood, lik- ing, predilection, supposition; thought, notion. ANT. Certainty, fact, real- ity, truth, verity, actuality; ob- ject, subject, thought, law, or- der; aversion, horror. Farcical. Droll, absurd, ridicu- lous, ludicrous; comic, funny, nonsensical, pantomimic. ANT. Grave, serious, tragic, solemn, dismal, ghastly, fune- real. Fare. Go, travel, journey, pass; prosper, be treated, prove, hap- pen, turn out, be situated; be entertained, feed; live, speed, do. ANT. Toil, fa-st, fail, droop, sink, faint, drop, falter, halt. Farewell. Adieu, good-by, vale- dictory, leave-taking, conge", de- parture, parting. ANT. Salutation, welcome, greeting. Fashion. Form, shape, figure, cut, make, model, cast, mold, pattern, appearance, configura- tion, conformation; way, man- ner, sort, method; usage, cus- tom, style, mode, conventional- ity; gentility; guise, charac- ter, practice, ceremony. A>"T. Person, work, speech, dress; derangement, formless- ness, shapelessness ; outlandish- ness, strangeness, eccentricity. Fast, a. Fixed, fastened, close, tight; firm, immovable; stead- fast, constant, stanch; fortified, strong, impregnable; profound, sound, deep; swift, quick, fleet, rapid; wild, reckless, thriftless, dissipated, thoughtless, extrav- agant; secure, stable, unyield- ing, unswerving; accelerated; gaj- ANT. Insecure, loose, slow, tardy, steady, sober, virtuous. Fasten. Secure, bind, tie, attach ; join, unite, connect, hold to- gether; hold compact, affix, an- nex, grapple, fix. ANT. Undo, loose, sever, re- lax, remove, unfasten, detach. Fastidious. Dainty, squeamish, difficult, over nice, overdelicate, queasy, critical ; overrefined, censorious, particular, punctil- ious. ANT. Indulgent, uncritical, easy; coarse ; omnivorous. Fat. Unctuous, greasy, fatty, oily; plump, fleshy, obese, cor- pulent, portly, pursy; coarse, heavy, dull, sluggish, stupid; rich, profitable, lucrative; pro- ductive, fertile, fruitful; luxu- riant, brawny; stout; oleagin- ous. ANT. Lean, slender, attenu- ated, emaciated, barren, poor, scant; marrowless; anatomical. Fatal. Deadly, mortal, lethal; destructive, calamitous, baleful, ruinous, mischievous, baneful, pernicious ; fateful. ANT. Beneficial, wholesome, vitalizing, restorative, salubri- ous, nutritious, slight, super- ficial, harmless. fat] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [faw Fate. Destiny, destination, in- evitable necessity, fatality ; lot, doom, predetermined event; de- struction, death ; final event, ultimate destruction; fortune, end. ANT. Will, choice, decision, independence, freedom. Fathom, v. Sound ; divine, pene- trate, reach, comprehend, under- stand; gage, pierce, measure, probe. ANT. Survey, glance, scan, miss, skin, graze, overlook. Fathomless. Bottomless, pro- found, abysmal. ANT. Superficial, shallow, skin-deep. Fatigue, n. Weariness, exhaus- tion, lassitude ; labor, hardship, toil; languor, enervation. ANT. Freshness, vigor, inde- fatigability, activity. Fatigue, v. Harass, weary, tire, jade, exhaust, fag. ANT. Inspirit, refresh, en- liven, animate. Fatuity. Foolishness, imbecil- ity, idiocy; folly, madness, ab- surdity, infatuation. ANT. Wisdom, sense, sound- ness, sobriety, discernment. Fault. Defect, blemish, imper- fection, flaw, weakness, failing, frailty; misdeed, misdemeanor, offense, trespass, wrong, trans- gression, delinquency, indiscre- tion; slip, error, lapse; failure, omission, want, drawback. ANT. Perfection, sufficiency, correctness, completeness. Faultless. Without blemish, per- fect ; innocent, guileless, blame- less, sinless, spotless, immacu- late, guiltless, stainless; com- plete, correct, accurate. ANT. Incomplete, imperfect, incorrect, defective, inaccurate, corrupt, faulty, erroneous. Faulty. Bad, defective, imper- fect; blamable, blameworthy, culpable, reprehensible. ANT. Correct, complete, per- fect, accurate; irreproachable, blameless, unassailable. Favor, n. Kindness, grace, coun- tenance, friendliness, good will; benefit, good deed, friendly turn ; patronage, champion- ship, support; letter, communi- cation, epistle; gift, present; decoration, knot, rosette; per- mission, leave, pardon; advan- tage, preference, boon; conces- sion, predilection, civility, re- gard, condescension. ANT. Refusal, denial, prohi~ bition, disfavor, withholding, withdrawal, frown, disapproval, injury, discountenance. Favor, v. Befriend, countenance, patronize, encourage; approve, regard with favor; facilitate, be propitious to; support, help, aid, assist; humor, indulge, ex- tenuate, palliate, ease, spare; resemble, look like. ANT. Refuse, deny, disap- prove, withdraw, withhold, pro- hibit, discountenance, injure, harm. Favorable. Kind, friendly, pro- pitious, willing, auspicious; conducive, contributing ; bene- ficial, advantageous, conveni- ent, suitable, fit; permissive, indulgent, concessive, partial, fond, liberal. ANT. Reluctant, unpropi- tious, unfavorable, impartial. Favorite. Dear, beloved, pet, darling. Favoritism. Partiality, invidi- ousness. ANT. Odium, prejudice; im- partiality. Fawn upon. Flatter, wheedle, cajole, cringe, palaver, sla- ver. ANT. Insult, deride, defy, cen- [ 116 ] fea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fee sure, dare, satirize, rebuke, rep- rimand. Fealty. Homage, loyalty, alle- giance ; fidelity, faithfulness, honor, good faith, devotion. ANT. Disloyalty, treachery, infidelity, disaffection, shame, dishonor. Pear. Dismay, alarm, horror, awe, apprehension, dread, ter- ror, fright, panic, tremor, tim- idity, trepidation, trembling, affright, consternation, disquie- tude, misgiving, anxiety, solici- tude, concern; veneration, rev- erence. ANT. Courage, confidence, assurance, fearlessness; trust, boldness; fortitude. Fearful. Afraid, apprehensive; timid, nervous, timorous, faint- hearted, cowardly; dreadful, terrible, frightful, dire; awful; shocking, terrific, horrible; hes- itating. ANT. Venturesome, auda- cious, bold, confident, consola- tory, inspiriting, assuring; at- tractive, alluring, hopeful, in- viting. Feasible. Manageable, possible, permissible, practicable, con- trivable. ANT. Impossible, unallow- able, impracticable. Feast. Treat, banquet, regale- ment, entertainment, carousal ; festival, holiday; delight, en- joyment. ANT. Starvation, scarcity, want, lack, bareness, scantiness. Featly. Neatly, cleverly, dex- terously, adroitly. ANT. Clumsily, bunglingly, hardly. Feature. Lineament, cast of the face; fashion, make, aspect, ap- pearance, conformation ; promi- nent part, outline; characteris- tic, trait, point, mark, item, component, element, indication, portion, sign. ANT. Whole, system, coun- tenance; arrangement, case; misindication, misinformation, falsification; blind, mask, dis- guise; excrescence. Federation. Uniting, federating, confederation, union, league, allying, alliance, coalition, fed- eral compact, confederacy, com- bination. ANT. Secession, disunion, te- dition, mutiny, disruption. Fee. Pay, reward, recompense, compensation, remuneration; feud, fief, fee-simple, uncondi- tional tenure. Feeble. Weak, not strong, ener- vated, debilitated, infirm, lan- guid, sickly, languishing, de- clining, frail, drooping; faint, imperfect, dim; without vigor, lacking intensity; wretched, poor, dull, forceless, puny, en- feebled, nerveless ; incomplete, vain, fruitless ; scanty, pitiable. ANT. Strong, robust, active, successful, effective; abundant; powerful, muscular; forcible, cogent, telling; violent, vehe- ment, ardent; lusty, hale, vig- orous, hearty. Feed. Give food to, supply, con- tribute to, provide for; nour- ish, cherish, sustain; eat, take food, take nourishment; sustain life, subsist. ANT. Starve, refuse, deny, withhold, take away ; impover- ish, steal from; diet, abstain, refrain. Feel. Perceive, have feeling; be perceived ; be moved, be excited, be stirred, be wrought up, be impressed; touch, handle; ex- perience, suffer, or enjoy; be affected by, be moved by ; prove, sound, try, put to the "test. ANT. Be hard or callous, in- t 117 ] fee] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fer sensate, apathetic, dull, numb, imperceivable, indifferent, un- susceptible, or stoical. Feeling. Sense of touch; sensa- tion, perception by touch; sen- sibility, emotion, sentiment, af- fection, passion, impression ; tenderness, susceptibility; con- tact ; pathos ; consciousness, sensitiveness. ANT. Callousness, insensibil- ity, imperturbability, inexcita- bility, coldness, insensateness. feign. Invent, imagine, devise, forge, fabricate ; counterfeit, af- fect, assume, simulate, pretend to. ANT. Detect, test, unmask, refute, verify, substantiate. Felicitous. Fit, appropriate, apt, pertinent, seasonable, oppor- tune, well-timed, happy, skil- ful, ingenious; prosperous, suc- cessful, fortunate, lucky, auspi- cious, propitious; timely, joy- ous. ANT. Unhappy, unfortunate, inauspicious, untimely, inop- portune, disastrous, sad. Felicity. Bliss, blessedness, hap- piness; aptness, aptitude, fit- ness, propriety, felicitousness, suitableness; success, luck, for- tune. ANT. Ill luck, "bad fortune, sorrow, unhappiness, disaster, misfortune; sadness, mourning, melancholy. Fell, a. Inhuman, cruel, barba- rous, relentless, ruthless, im- placable, unrelenting, pitiless, malignant, malicious, malign, savage, ferocious, bloody, blood- thirsty; direful, merciless, re- morseless, fierce, truculent. ANT. -Generous, chivalrous, lenient, humane, propitious. Fell, v. Prostrate, level, bring to the ground, hurl down, knock down; cut down, hew down, lay low; hem; demolish, subvert, waste, bare. ANT. Plant, erect, support ; stock, upraise, rear, propagate. Fellow. Associate, companion, comrade; equal, peer, compeer; mate, match, counterpart; ad- herent, colleague, member; cor- relative, tally; partner, friend. ANT. Foe, opponent, antago- nist, stranger, mismatch, oppo- site. Fellowship. Companionship, fa- miliarity, intimacy, brother- hood, acquaintance; participa- tion, partnership, joint inter- est; converse, intercourse, com- munion; sociability, affability, kindliness ; association, com- pany; membership, society. ANT. Severance, disconnec- tion, dismemberment; non-in- tercourse. Felonious. Malignant, malign, malicious, nefarious, infamous, heinous, atrocious, cruel, felon ; perfidious, traitorous, disloyal, base. ANT. Legal, constitutional, rightful, regular ; legitimate, le- galized; permissible, allowable; just, proper. Feminine. Female, womanish, womanly, effeminate; delicate, tender, modest, soft. ANT. Robust, manly; indeli- cate, unfeminine; rough, rude; masculine. Fen. Marsh, swamp, bog, moor, morass, quagmire. Fence, v. Enclose, guard, fortify, defend, circumscribe, protect; elude, parry, stave. ANT. Open, disenclose; re- ceive, catch, suffer. Ferment, n. Yeast, leaven, fer- mentation ; agitation, commo- tion, tumult; fever, heat, glow. Ferment, v. Set in fermentation ; excite, agitate, heat; seethe, fer] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fie concoct, brew; warm, chafe; ef- fervesce, rankle, fester. ANT. Damp, cool; dissipate; subside, evaporate, disperse; heal. Fertile. Prolific, fecund, breed- ing, bearing; fruitful, produc- tive, rich, plenteous, luxuriant, exuberant, teeming; causative, conducive; pregnant; fraught, ingenious, inventive. ANT. Poor, sterile, barren, unproductive, ineffective, incon- dueive, fruitless, inoperative, un inventive, unimaginative. Festive. Convivial, jovial, joy- ous, gay, merry, mirthful, fes- tival. ANT. Solitary, deserted, as- cetic, gloomy. Fetid. Stinking, offensive, rank, rancid, malodorous, mephitic, noisome, foul, strong-smelling, corrupt. ANT. Inodorous, fresh, per- fumed, scented, balmy. Fetter, n. Chains, bondage, cus- tody, durance, duress, manacles, irons, shackles, imprisonment, handcuffs, gyves, bonds. Fetter, v. Shackle, clog, hamper, trammel; chain, bind, tie, con- fine, restrain, encumber; man- acle, hinder, impede. ANT. Free, liberate, acceler- ate, expedite. Feud. Contest, controversy, dis- pute, enmity, hostility, quar- rel, strife, dissension, affray, animosity, bitterness, broil, con- tention, brawl, fray ; antipathy. ANT. Friendliness, congeni- ality, sympathy, clanship, paci- fication, reconciliation, social- ity, neighbor lines s. Fever. Heat, flush, excitement, agitation, ferment; ardor, fer- vor, broil, passion. ANT. Coolness, iciness, fri- gidity; composure, indifference. Few. Not many, small in num- ber, hardly any, scarcely any; scant, rare, lacking. ANT. Many, abundant, nu- merous. Fiber. Strength, sinews, thews, toughness; thread, staple, pile, filament. ANT. Laxity, debility, flab- biness. Fickle. Wavering, unsteady, un- stable, inconstant, variable, vac- illating, volatile, mercurial, fit- ful, changeable, irresolute, un- settled, capricious, fanciful, un- reliable, mutable; veering, rest- less, shifting. ANT. Sober, orderly, reliable, calculable, well-regulated, uni- form, steady, trustworthy. Fiction. Fable, falsehood, myth, invention, novel, romance, fig- ment, story, fabrication, legend, allegory, apologue ; creation. ANT. History, fact, literal- ness, reality, truth, verity, cer- tainty. Fictitious. Feigned, imaginary, invented, unreal, purely ideal, fanciful ; false, counterfeit, spu- rious, supposititious. ANT. Real, true, historical, genuine, authentic, veritable. Fidelity. Faithfulness, devoted- ness, devotion, truth, loyalty, true-heartedness, fealty, adher- ence to duty; accuracy, close- ness, exactness, truthfulness, precision, attachment, honesty, allegiance, integrity. ANT. Disloyalty, treachery, untruthfulness, disaffection, in- accuracy, infidelity, inexact- ness. Field. Tract of land ; battle-field, scene of war; surface, expanse, range, scope; province, depart- ment, region, realm, domain; ground, arena; room, opportu- nity. fie] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fin ANT. Circumscription, con- straint; interdiction, exclusion, debarment. fierce. Ravenous, infuriate, bar- barous, fell; vehement, turbu- lent, passionate, uncurbed, un- tamed, raging; furious, savage, ferocious, fiery, violent, wild, impetuous ; uncultivated, un- trained. ANT. Gentle, harmless, kind, patient, submissive, sweet, ten- der, docile, affectionate, mild, peaceful, tame; calm. Fiery. Hot, ardent, heated, fer- vid, flaming, glowing; impetu- ous, vehement, fierce, passion- ate, impassioned; irascible, choleric, excited, enkindled, hot- blooded, irritable. ANT. Cold, icy, frigid, chilly; indifferent, phlegmatic, pas- sionless, unimpassioned, mild, tame; extinguished, quenched. Fight, n. Combat, conflict, con- test, battle, struggle, engage- ment, encounter, action, affair, fray, affray, brush; broil, riot; spirit, fighting temper; resis- tance, disposition to struggle, contention. ANT. Pacification, reconcili- ation. Figurative. Typical, representa- tive, emblematical; metaphori- cal, tropical ; flowery, florid, or- nate; poetical, rhetorical, sym- bolical. ANT. Literal, prosaic, unpo- etical, unmetaphorical. Figure, n. Form, shape, config- uration, conformation, outline; image, likeness, representation, ^gy 5 appearance ; pattern, design; metaphor, trope; dia- gram, drawing; price; symbol, type, emblem; digit, number, numeral, character; aspect, de- lineation, condition, illustra- tion. ANT. Misrepresentation, de- formity, disfigurement. Figure, v. Adorn, variegate, di- versify ; represent, signify, typ- ify, symbolize ; imagine, image, conceive, picture, represent; calculate, compute, cipher; ap- pear, act, perform; show off, cut a dash. ANT. Disfigure, harm, de- stray; miscalculate, mistake. File. Rasp, smooth, finish; plaea on file; polish; perfect, refine, improve. ANT. Roughen, jag, acumi- nate, denticulate, barb, notch, cusp. Fill. Make full, fill up ; pervade, occupy; dilate, expand, stretch, distend; store, supply, furnish, replenish, stock; satisfy, con- tent, sate, satiate, cloy, pall; occupy, hold, fulfil, perform; become full, be filled; gorge, ap- point, glut; stuff; rise; swell, grow, increase. ANT. Exhaust, drain, dtt- satisfy, deprive, stint, vacate; misappoint ; subside, ebb, evap- orate, shrink, diminish. Filter. Strain, ooze, percolate, exude, transude; refine, distil, leak; purify, cleanse, depurate, defecate, clarify. ANT. Muddle, disturb, be- foul, thicken. Filthy. Dirty, nasty, foul, defiled, unclean, squalid ; impure, cor- rupt, gross; dingy, unsanitary, unwholesome. ANT. Pure, sweet, healthy, clean, sanitary, wholesome. Final. Latest, last, eventual, ul- timate ; decisive, conclusive, de- finitive; terminal; definite, de- veloped. ANT. Initiative, open, pro- gressive, continuous, incipient, current, unconeluded, inchoate, inaugural, nascent, rudimental. [ 120 ] •fin] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fit Find. Discover, fall upon, light upon, meet; obtain, get, pro- cure, gain, arrive at, attain to; observe, remark, perceive, notice, discover ; detect, catch ; supply, furnish, provide, contri- bute; determine judicially, de- clare by verdict; confront, as- certain, experience, invent. ANT. Withdraw; miss, lose, elude, withhold, overlook, mis- contrive. Fine, n. Forfeit, penalty, for- feiture, mulct, amercement. Fine, a. Minute, small, commi- nuted, little ; slender, capillary, delicate; thin, tenuous, subtile, attenuated; light, keen, sharp; exquisite, nice, refined; excel- lent, superior, very good; bril- liant, accomplished; beautiful, handsome, splendid, elegant; clear, pure, unadulterated; gay, showy, garish, flashy, filmy, ar- tistic, choice, finished, high, grand, noble, generous, honor- able, pretentious, pretty, os- tentatious; presumptuous, cas- uistical. ANT. Rough, mean, petty, unfinished; illiberal, unimpos- ing, paltry ; modest, unaffected, affable; plain-spoken, categori- cal; unanaliitical, unreflective ; coarse, great, heavy, huge, im- mense, large, rude, stout, thick, blunt, big, clumsy. Finery. Gewgaws, trinkets, or- naments, trimmings, tawdri- ness, decorations, trappings, be- dizenment, tinsel, trash, dressi- ness. ANT. Ornament, dress, deco- ration, adornment; chasteness, sobriety, simplicity. Finical. Fastidious, dainty, over- particular, squeamish, overnice, affected, elegant; dandyish, fop- pish, spruce. ANT. Effective, unaffected, practical, energetic, real, genu- ine, natural; outspoken, blunt, coarse, rude. Finish, v. Accomplish, execute, complete, perform, achieve, do, get done; perfect, polish, elab- orate; end, terminate, close, conclude, put an end to ; shape. ANT. Start, commence, be- gin; fail, undertake; miscon- trive, botch, mar, mismanage. Finished. Perfect, artistic, re- fined, high. ANT. Inartistic, incomplete, poor, rude, coarse, unfinished. Finite. Bounded, limited, con- ditioned, contracted, restricted terminated. ANT. Infinite, unlimited, un- bounded. Fire. Blaze, burning, conflagra- tion, flame, combustion; dis- charge ; heat, ardor, fervor, vio- lence, force, passion, impetuos- ity, fervency, intensity, anima- tion, vigor, spirit, enthusiasm; light, luster, radiance, splen- dor; vivacity, inspiration, im- agination ; torture, affliction, trouble, bitter trial, persecu- tion. First. Foremost, leading; chief, highest, principal, capital; ele- mentary, primary, rudimen- tary; earliest; primitive, pri- meval, pristine ; in the first place, at the outset, in the be- ginning, first and foremost; original, onmost. ANT. Subsequent, secondary, subordinate, subservient, low- est, unimportant, last, hind- most. Fit, a. Competent, fitted, quali- fied ; suitable, appropriate, apt, apposite, meet, seemly, becom- ing, befitting, proper, good, de- cent, convenient, fitting, deco- rous, adapted, congruous, pe- culiar, particular, prepared, ad- [ 121 ] fit] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fit equate, calculated, ripe, right, contrived, expedient. ANT. Awkward, misfitting, ungainly, ill-suited, inappropri- ate, unseemly, unprepared, un- suitable, inadequate, miscalcu- lated, miscontrived, improper, unfit, inexpedient. Fitful. Variable, irregular, im- pulsive, spasmodic, unstable, fickle, whimsical, fanciful, ca- pricious, fantastic, humorsome. odd; eventful, checkered; rest- less, inconstant, mutable, desul- tory, unequal. ANT. Regular, equable, or- derly, systematic, calculable. Fix. Set, place, establish, plant, fasten, make firm; attach, tie, connect; determine, define, ap- point, limit, settle; rivet, direct steadily, adjust; solidify, con- solidate; link, locate, root, se- cure; decide. ANT. Displace, unsettle, re- move, disarrange, uproot, trans- plant, transfer, weaken, shake, disestablish, reverse, disturb, change, unfix. Flaccid. Limber, lax, drooping, flabby, soft, limp, yielding, re- laxed, inelastic, pendulous. ANT. Firm, braced, plump, muscular, chubby, brawny, vig- orous, strong, powerful. Flag, n. Flagstone; streamer, banner, colors, standard, pen- non, pennant, ensign, gon- falon. Flag, v. Hang loose, droop ; lan- guish, faint, decline, pine, sink, succumb, grow weak, become dejected; pall, grow stale, lose interest, weary, tire; give in. ANT. Freshen, flourish; per- severe, hold, brace up, struggle, persist, battle, recruit, recover. Flagitious. Atrocious, heinous, flagrant, scandalous, villainous, corrupt, abandoned, profligate; enormous, monstrous, disgrace- ful, nefarious, aggravated. ANT. Creditable, honorable, noble, meritorious, justifiable, distinguished, extenuated, ex- cusable, pardonable. Flaring. Flaming, glaring, con- spicuous, bright, gaudy, over- colored, flaunting, flashy, os- tentatious, showy, tawdry. ANT. Subdued, toned, har- monized, dull, dim, dingy, neu- tral, dowdy, colorless. Flat, a. Level, horizontal; even, plane, smooth; low, prostrate, laid low; dull, lifeless, spirit- less, unanimated, frigid, tame, prosaic, uninteresting; point- less; vapid, tasteless, insipid, stale, dead, jejune ; peremptory, absolute, positive; downright, mawkish. ANT. Animated, exciting, in- teresting, thrilling, sensational, emotional, melodramatic. Flaunt. Wave ostentatiously, in- solently, brazenly, or boldly; display, vaunt, flourish, toss, disport, boast; flout, flounce, flutter, parade, figure. ANT. Conceal, suppress, re- tire, skulk, recede, hide, shrivel, collapse, furl. Flavor. Taste, savor, relish, zest, smack, gusto; aroma, es- sence, subtle quality, spirit, soul; odor. ANT. Insipidity, tasteless- ness, inodorousness, mawkish' ness, scentlessness, flatness. Flexible. Pliable, pliant, lim- ber, lithe, supple, crooked; af- fable, tractable, compliant, doc- ile, gentle; elastic; easy, indul- gent, ductile, flexile, yielding. ANT. Tough, rigid, inelastic, hard, inflexible, inexorable. Flicker. Quiver, flutter, falter, waver, glimmer, bicker, shim- mer, scintillate. [ 122 fll] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [flo ANT. Stream, "blaze, beam, shine, gleam. Plight. Flying, soaring, volita- tion, mounting, fleeing, depart- ure; flock; .olley, shower; es- cape, evasion, disappearance ; stampede, hegira, exodus. ANT. Recurrence, return, re- appearance; repose, perching, alighting. Flimsy. Gauzy, poor, transpar- ent, thin; trifling, trivial, in- ane, puerile ; weak, shallow, su- perficial, slight, unsubstantial ; feeble, frivolous, foolish, light, trashy. ANT. Solid, sound, irrefrag- able, cogent, substantial. Flinch. Wince, swerve, recoil, blench, shrink, draw back. ANT. Dare, face, bare, meet, endure, challenge, defy. Fling. Throw, cast, toss, hurl, dart, pitch, chuck; prostrate, overthrow, throw down; wince, flounce; jeer, sneer, gibe, scoff, flaunt, taunt; emit, ejaculate. ANT. Snatch, grasp, hold, keep, retain, arrest, catch. Flippant. Fluent, voluble, glib, talkative, nimble of speech ; im- pertinent, pert, malapert, for- ward, bold; superficial, saucy, thoughtless. ANT. Servile, considerate, obsequious, flattering, deferen- tial; accurate; complimentary, respectful. Float. Waft, swim, be buoyed up; bear up, buoy up; spread, prevail. ANT. Sink, drown, die, van- ish, founder. Flock, n. Brood, bevy, herd, lot, group, pack, swarm, set, hatch, drove, covey, litter; collection, company, congregation. Flock, v. Herd, congregate, as- gemble, throng, crowd, troop. ANT. Disperse, scatter, sep- arate, segregate, distribute, rout. Flood, n. Deluge, abundance, in- undation, overflow, freshet; downrush, multitude. ANT. Drought, drain, ebb, scarcity, subsidence. Florid. Flowery; flushed, rubi- cund; ornate, rhetorical, figura- tive, embellished; overwrought, sanguine, meretricious. ANT. Pallid, exsanguine; bloodless, anemic, unadorned, bare, sober, nude, chaste. Flounder. Struggle, toss, wal- low, tumble, flounce; roll, blun- der, bungle. ANT. Emerge, course, career, speed, rise, skim, flourish. Flourish. Thrive, grow; pros- per, succeed, be successful; va- por, boast, brag, vaunt, bluster, show off; attain one's prime, be in vigor; brandish, wave; speed, triumph. ANT. Fail, decline, fade, ar- rest, founder, miscarry; sheath, ground. Flow. Stream, run, pour, roll on, sweep along; melt, liquefy, be molten; issue, emanate, pro- ceed, come, grow, arise, follow, spring, result; glide, wave, un- dulate, float, waver, abound, be full, flood, deluge, overflow; ca- reer, progress, course. ANT. Halt, stick, stop, hesi- tate, fail, stickle, stint, beat, recoil, ebb, regurgitate; stag- nate. Flower, n. Blossom, bloom ; best part; prime, vigor; figure, ex- pression; perfection, acme, or- nament, pride, gem, cream. ANT. Deformity, disappoint- ment, blot, abortion; blight; scum; dregs. Flowing. Running; fluent, copi- ous, smooth ; abundant, exuber- ant, easy, eloquent. [ 123 ] flu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fol ANT. Dry, dribbling, meager, strained, labored, difficult, un- ready, forced. Fluctuate. Veer, waver, swerve, vacillate, vary, undulate, oscil- late, hesitate. ANT. Abide, adhere, persist, stand fast, stay, stick, hold fast. Fluctuation. Oscillation, un- dulation, unsteadiness, varia- tion, change, shifting, rise and fall, inconstancy, hesitation, wavering, vacillation. ANT. Steadiness, firmness, steadfastness, constancy, stabil- ity, fixedness, stolidity; persis- tence, perseverance, pertinacity, obstinacy, tenacity. Fluency. Smoothness, flowing quality, liquidness ; copious- ness, affluence, command of lan- guage, readiness of speech. ANT. Solidity, density, com- pactness, hardness; difficulty, sloicness; paucity. Flurry, v. Excite, agitate, dis- concert, confuse, disturb, per- turb, hurry, ruffle, worry, flus- ter. ANT. Soothe, compose, quiet, calm, mesmerize. Flutter. Hover, flap, flirt ; palpi- tate, tremble ; flaunt ; fluctuate, waver, oscillate, vacillate, be inconstant, be unsteady; flit, quiver, flicker. ANT. Perch, roost, nestle, . settle, subside, collapse, rest, re- pose, pause, sink, lull. Flux. Flow, flowing; mutation, change, shifting, transition; fu- sion, melting; solvent; motion, progression, substitution, trans- mutation. ANT. Stagnation, stillness, identity, invariableness, immu- tability, arrestation, crystalli- sation. Focus. Center; standpoint; con- vergence, rendezvous, nucleus. ANT. Circle, dispersion, dv* vergence, dissipation. Foggy. Misty, hazy; confused, dazed, bewildered, muddy, mud- dled; absent, stupid, obscure. ANT. Alert, alive, awake; lu- cid, clear, bright; shrewd, sharp. Foible. Frailty, weakness, fail- ing, defect, imperfection, in- firmity, fault, weak point; pec- cadillo. ANT. Crime, atrocity, sin, enormity. Foil, n. Contrast, background, set-off; rapier; enhancement, setting; elucidation. ANT. Eclipse, outshining, ex- tinction, overshadowing. Foist. Impose, thrust; falsify, counterfeit, palm, pass. ANT. Expose, detect, verify, authenticate. Fold, v. Double, enfold, enwrap, envelop, wrap, embrace, enclose. ANT. Unfold, expose, disen- gage. Follow. Attend, accompany, re- sult, pursue, succeed, chase, go after, come after, copy, ensue, heed, imitate, observe, obey, practice; shadow. ANT. A void, elude, precede, quit, disobey, cause, produce, shun, abandon. Follower. Pursuer ; attendant, retainer, supporter, dependant, companion, associate ; adher- ent, disciple, pupil, partisan; imitator, copier. ANT. Leader, teacher, rival, antagonist, opponent. Folly. Foolishness, imbecility, fatuity, stupidity, shallowness, dulness; absurdity, extrava- gance, infatuation, unwisdom, imprudence, nonsense, indis- cretion; slip, lapse, misstep; madness, misconduct, silliness, weakness. [ 124 ] fom] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fo* ANT. Wisdom, sanity, sense, prudence, judgment, sobriety. Foment. Bathe; excite, insti- gate, stimulate, brew, encour- age, promote, abet, stir up ; fan, cherish, propagate. ANT. Allay, extinguish, ex- tirpate, quench, discourage. Pond. Foolish, silly, weak, ab- surd, empty, vain, senseless, baseless ; doting, affectionate, loving, attached, enamored, de- voted. ANT. Averse, unloving, un- affectionate, strong-minded, ra- tional, austere, sensible, well- grounded, undemonstrative. Fondle. Caress, coddle, blan- dish, pet; dandle; spoil, in- dulge. ANT. Worry, annoy, tease, chafe, irritate, ruffle. Fondness. Delusion, folly, silli- ness, weakness, absurdity; ten- derness, doting; liking, prefer- ence, partiality, predilection, affection; relish, appetite. ANT. Repulsion, aversion, dislike, antipathy; hatred, con- tempt; harshness, brutality, loathing. F*od. Aliment, nourishment, nutriment, nutrition, Viands, sustenance, victuals, provender, regimen, pabulum, rodder, diet, forage, feed, fare; bread, meat, provisions, cheer, commons, ra- tions, subsistence. Fool. Idiot, natural; dolt, wit- ling, driveler, blockhead, sim- pleton, dunce; buffoon, harle- quin, droll, punch, antic, jester, clown. ANT. Wise man, adept, ex- pert, scholar, master. Foolish. Senseless, idiotic, silly, t weak, daft, simple, irrational, B insensate, shallow, brainless, witless; unwise, unreasonable, absurd, ridiculous, preposter- ous, indiscreet, imprudent; pu- erile, idle, trivial, trifling, con- temptible, vain, childish; inju- dicious, objectionable, imbecile, nonsensical ; crazed. ANT. Sensible, sane, clear- sighted, deep, strong-minded, sound, sagacious, wise, prudent, judicious, eligible, calculating, advisable. Footing. Foothold; foundation, basis, groundwork; standing, rank, grade, status, state, con- dition ; settlement, establish- ment; sum total. ANT. Dislodgment, ousting, unstableness. Foppish. Dandyish, vain, cox- combical, dressy, dandified. ANT. Unassuming, modest, dowdy, unaffected, clownish, slovenly. Foray. Inroad, irruption, raid, invasion, incursion; sally, esca- pade, dragonade. ANT. Flight, retreat, recall, stampede, decampment. Forbear. Abstain, avoid, with- hold, refrain, forego; stop, de- sist, pause, cease, stay, hold, break off, give over; be toler- ant, endure, be patient; shun, decline; omit; spare, tolerate, put up with. ANT. Seek, indulge, gratify, yield, grant, bestow; continue, advance, progress; rebel, resist. Forbidding. Repulsive, repel- lent, unpleasant, odious, abhor- rent, disagreeable, offensive; deterrent, prohibitory. ANT. Attractive, seductive, permissive, alluring, encourag- ing. Force, n. Strength, power, en- ergy, might, vigor; efficacy, effi- ciency, potency, validity, vir- tue, cogency, agency; compul- sion, violence, constraint, coer- cion, enforcement; army, troop, [ 125 3 for] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Tfor legion, battalion, hcet, squad- ron, phalanx; instrumentality, dint, vehemence, pressure. ANT. Weakness, feebleness, inefficiency, counteraction, neu- tralization, debility, inconclu- siveness, pointlessness. Pore, a. Anterior, preceding, an- tecedent, prior, previous, for- mer, foregoing; front, face; ad- vanced, leading, head, foremost, first. ANT. Posterior, subsequent, following; rear, back, hindmost, last. Forefather. Progenitor, ances- tor, father. ANT. Descendants, progeny. Forefend. Avert, prevent, ward off, hinder, keep off, forbid; stave, obviate. ANT. Remedy, rectify, cure, mend, redress. Forego. Relinquish, resign, re- nounce, surrender, cede, yield, abandon, give up, part with, let go; waive, drop, abjure. ANT. Claim, assume, seise, grasp, retain, vindicate. Foreign. Alien, external, ex- terior, outward, strange, exotic, from abroad; extraneous, ex- trinsic, adventitious, irrele- vant; outlandish. ANT. Domestic, congenial, native, relative, germane. Forerunner. Precursor, herald, harbinger, foregoer, avant-cou- rier; prelude; prognostic, sign, omen, premonition; predeces- sor. ANT. Successor, follower; postlude; fulfilment. Foresee. Foreknow, forecast, have prescience of; predict, an- ticipate, foretell, forebode, di- vine. ANT. Remember, recollect, recall, reflect. ForetelL Prognosticate, fore- show, foreshadow, betoken, por- tend, augur, bode, forebode, presage; predict, prophesy; pre- indicate, forewarn. ANT. Recite, narrate, detail; recollect, remember. Forethought. Foresight, antic- ipation, precaution, forecast, provision, prudence. ANT. Delay, procrastina- tion. Forever. Always, perpetually, eternally, everlastingly, ever, endlessly, evermore, aye. ANT. Never, at no time. Forfeit, Forfeiture. Loss, fine, mulct, amercement, confisca- tion, penalty; damages. ANT. Bribe, premium, dou- ceur, compensation, gratuity, reward, remuneration. Forge. Beat, hammer out, fabri- cate, frame, form; devise, in- vent, coin; falsify, counterfeit; work, produce, elaborate, feign, make falsely, shape. ANT. Shatter, batter, shiver, blast, fuse, detect, expose; mis- construe, misshape, misfabri- cate; verify. Forgery. Counterfeit; falsifica- tion, fraudulent imitation. ANT. Attestation, verifica- tion, signature; genuineness. Forget. Consign to oblivion, overlook; slight, neglect, cease to care for; unlearn, pretermit, obliterate. ANT. Acquire, learn, recol- lect, remember, retain, treasure, mind. Forgetful. Apt to forget; negli- gent, inattentive, careless, heed- less, neglectful, mindless. ANT. Attentive, retentive, careful, mindful. Forgetfulness. Aptness to for- get; failure of memory; negli- gence, inattention, carelessness, heedlessness; oblivion. [ 126 ] for] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [for ANT. Retentiveness, recol- lection, recalling. Forgotten. Unremembered, by- gone, slighted, overlooked, ob- solete, neglected, disregarded. ANT. Remembered, present, treasured, cherished, guarded, regarded. Forlorn. Deserted, forsaken, sol- itary, abandoned, lost, friend- less; wretched, miserable, piti- able, destitute, desolate; help- less, comfortless, disconsolate, wobegone ; hapless, luckless ; lone, lonesome. ANT. Supported, cherished, attended, protected, befriended, cheered. Form, n. Shape, figure, configu- ration, mold, fashion, cast, cut ; mode, method, formula, formu- lary, ritual; manner, system, sort, kind, order; regularity, arrangement; shapeliness, cere- mony, formality, ceremonial ; conventionality, etiquette; pat- tern, model; mere appearance, empty show. Form, v. Shape, mold, fashion, constitute, arrange, frame, con- struct, contrive, conceive, make, produce, create, devise, invent, compose, dispose, combine. ANT. Deform, dislocate, dis- tort, derange, disintegrate, dis- member, dissipate, disorganize, analyze. Formal. Express, explicit, posi- tive, strict, official ; regular, set, methodical, fixed, rigid, stiff; ceremonious, precise, punctili- ous, starched, prim, exact; es- sential, constitutive ; external ; complete, shapely, sufficient, af- fected, correct, stately, digni- fied, pompous. ANT. Incomplete, irregular, informal, incorrect, inadequate, easy, unassuming, unceremoni- ous. Formalism. Rigidity, parade, ceremoniousness, pomposity, ex- ternalism, punctilio. ANT. Simplicity, unaffected- ness, unostentatiousness, un- ceremoniousness. Formality. Custom, established mode ; ceremony, etiquette, con- ventionality, mere form; pa- rade, affectation, punctilious- ness, stateliness. ANT. Informality; uncere- moniousness, unconventional- ity; originality. Formation. Creation, produc- tion; composition, constitu- tion ; arrangement, disposal, combination, disposition ; con- struction, shape, structure. Former. Anterior, antecedent, previous, prior, preceding, fore- going; quondam, late, old-time; past, bygone, foregone, previ- ous ; first-named, first-men- tioned; earlier, ancient. ANT. Subsequent, succeed- ing, posterior, latter, modern, coming, future. Formidable. Terrible, redoubted, tremendous, dangerous; awful, alarming, terrifying, discour- aging, appalling, serious, hor- rible, dreadful, fearful, shock- ing. ANT. Light, trivial; feeble, harmless, contemptible, poicer- less, despicable, weak, help- less. Forthwith. Instantly, directly, immediately, without delay, in- stantaneously. ANT. Hereafter, soon, by- and-by, presently. Fortification. Fort, stronghold, fortress, fastness, castle, cita- del; bulwark, fortified place. Fortify. Protect, surround; re- inforce, brace, stiffen, strength- en; confirm, corroborate; garri- son, intrench. [ 127 ] for] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tfra ANT. Weaken, dismantle; in- validate. Fortitude. Endurance, heroism, resolution, courage ; firmness, patience ; bravery ; calmness, resignation, hardihood, compo- sure, stoicism. ANT. Impatience, timidity, flinching, irritation, faintness, delicacy, effeminacy, womanish- ness, childishness. Fortuitous. Accidental, casual, .contingent, chance, incidental, undesigned. ANT. Purposed, planned, de- signed; anticipated, foreseen. Fortunate. Favored, lucky, suc- cessful, prosperous, happy, fe- licitous, propitious, auspicious, favorable, advantageous, provi- dential. ANT. Miserable, unhappy, un- lucky, ill-starred, unfortunate, wretched, woful, fallen, infeli- citous, broke, crushed. Fortune. Chance, accident, luck, hap, casualty, fortuity; liveli- hood; estate, substance, prop- erty, possessions; wealth, afflu- pand, ungird, disen- girdle. Girl. Damsel, lass, lassie, miss, maiden, maid, virgin, young; unmarried woman. Gist. Essence, pith, core, marrow, substance, kernel, main point, force, ground, foundation. ANT. Surplusage, addita- ment, redundancy, environ' ment; accessories; clothing, garb; excess, overplus. Give. Deliver, bestow, supply, grant, cede, confer, communi- cate, impart, furnish; produce, yield, surrender, concede, pre- sent, afford, spare, accommo- date with ; pay, exchange ; per- mit, allow, vouchsafe, deign; utter, pronounce, render; occa- sion, cause ; devote, apply, ad- dict, give up; sink, bend; re- treat, give way, recede, retire. ANT. Withhold, withdraw, refuse, retain, grasp, fail, re- strain, deny, take back, remove, recall; take, receive, accept; hold, support. Glad. Rejoiced, pleased, grati- fied, delighted, happy, well-con- tented; cheerful, joyous, joyful, gladsome, elated, jocund, play- ful, light-hearted, cheery, ani- mated; exhilarating, pleasing, bright, gratifying; blithesome, gleeful. ANT. Unhappy, sad, sorrow- ful, disastrous, sorry, dismal, disappointed, discontented, un- easy. Gladden. Delight, cheer, exhil- arate, bless, rejoice, gratify, make glad. ANT. Grieve, disappoint, de- press, dispirit, trouble, wound, afflict, sadden, displease. Glare. Glitter, glisten, dazzle, flare, gleam, sparkle; glower, look fierce; beam, shine, glow, ray, radiate. [ 136 ] gla] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [go ANT. Shimmer, scintillate, waver, glimmer, smolder, burn fitfully, flash, flicker, glister j obscure, darken. Glassy. Vitreous; crystal, crys- talline, transparent, gleaming, lucent, brilliant, shining; smooth, polished, glacial, gla- brous, brittle, pellucid, limpid, glossy, silken. ANT. Rough, uneven, pli- ant, rugged, tough, opaque, tur- bid, muddy, dull, dark. Glaze, v. Set glass; calender, polish, burnish, gloss, furbish : become glassy, grow dim; vit- refy. ANT. Roughen, corrugate, rumple, crumple, wrinkle, fur- row. Glimpse, n. Glance, glimmer- ing, sight, inkling, flash, sur- vey, trace, tinge. ANT. Observation, scrutiny, investigation, inspection, ex- posure, analysis, examination. Gloom. Obscurity, darkness, dimness, gloominess, cloud; de- jection, sadness, depression, des- pondency, melancholy ; gloam- ing, twilight, shadow, obscura- tion, dulness, cloudiness. ANT. Light, radiance, clear- ness, daylight, brightness. Glorify. Extol, exalt, magnify, bless, honor, praise; brighten, make illustrious, elevate, en- noble, adorn; laud, signalize, aggrandize, panegyrize. ANT. Debase, depress, abuse, abase, defame, degrade, decry, censure, blame, rebuke. Glorious. Illustrious, renowned, celebrated, eminent, famed, fa- mous, distinguished, conspicu- ous; resplendent, splendid, ra- diant, bright, brilliant; noble, lofty, exalted, supreme, high, excellent, consummate. ANT. Mean, debased, undis- tinguished, disgraced, unknown, dishonorable, inglorious. Glory. Honor, renown, celebrity, fame, praise; splendor, luster, brightness, brilliancy, pride, ef- fulgence ; gloriousness, noble- ness, exaltation, grandeur; ra- diance, state, pomp, parade,, magnificence. ANT. Obscurity, cloud, ig- nominy, dishonor, degradation^ disgrace, shame. Gloss, n. Interpretation, com- ment, note, explanation, scho- lium, commentary, annotation; pretext, pretense, specious plea; luster, polish, shine, sheen; dis- tortion, misinterpretation, per- version, twist, plea, specious- ness. ANT. Haze, nebulousness / truth, Uteralness, representa- tion, reality, verity, actuality, solution, exposition. Glowing. Shining, hot, intense, ardent, excited, fiery, fervid, fervent. ANT. Cool, languid, dispas- sionate, dull, apathetic, chill- ing. Glut, n. Repletion, superabun- dance, surplus, overplus, re- dundancy, overstock, superflu- ity. ANT. Scarcity, want, scanti- ness, dearth, failure, drainage, exhaustion. Glut, v. Cloy, sate, satiate, pall, surfeit; gorge, cram, stuff, fill, overfeed, make replete. ANT. Empty, void, disgorge, eject, discharge, vomit. Gluttony. Voracity, greed, gor- inandizement, deglutition. ANT. Abstinence, abstemi- ousness, temperance, frugality. Go. Move, pass, proceed, advance, progress ; walk, travel, journey, fare; depart, set out, leave; reach, extend; contribute, con- [ 137 ] goo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [gra cur, tend, avail ; eventuate, turn out; be esteemed, be reckoned; accept, approve, endure, toler- ate, swallow, bear; stir, budge. ANT. Stand, stay, come, re- main, rest, endure, persist, lack, abide, fail. Good, n. Benefit, gain, advan- tage, utility, profit; welfare, weal, prosperity, interest; vir- tue, righteousness, excellence ; abundance, riclies; boon, bless- ing, mercy. ANT. Hurt, loss, detriment, injury, evil, disadvantage, ill, calamity, affliction, infliction, curse. Good, a. Advantageous, service- able, profitable, useful, benefi- cial; suitable, fit, convenient, proper, well-adapted; upright, virtuous, worthy, pious, dutiful, righteous, religious; excellent, valuable, precious, sterling, ad- mirable, capital ; kind, humane, benevolent, friendly, favorable, gracious, merciful, obliging, •well -disposed; fair, unblem- ished, untarnished, unsullied, immaculate, honorable, unim- peached; cheerful, lively, social, genial, companionable ; able, skilful, expert, ready, dexter- ous, well-qualified; competent; pleasant, gratifying, agreeable; considerable; real, true, seri- ous, unfeigned ; right, complete, sound, propitious, efficient, suf- ficient, valid, actual, reputable, just. ANT. Bad, wrong, evil, ill, wicked, depraved, imperfect, un- sound, vicious, profane, nig- gardly, unpropitious, unservice- able, unsuitable, inefficient, in- competent, inadequate, invalid, fictitious, supposititious, incon- siderable, mean, disreputable, disgraceful; baneful, mischiev- ous, pernicious, injurious, hurt- ful; abandoned, corrupt, im- moral, unprincipled, dishonest, unfair, villainous; unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy; unwelcome, sad, depressing, discouraging, distressing; wretched, sorry, abominable; inferior, defective; severe, serious, hard, heavy. Good-by. Farewell, adieu. ANT. Salutation, welcome, hail, greeting. Good-humored. Cheerful, buoy- ant, placid, amiable, good-na- tured, good-tempered. ANT. Cross, ill-humored, ill- natured, unamiable, petulant, fretful, peevish. Goodly. Graceful, comely, beau- tiful, good-looking; pleasant, happy, agreeable, desirable; ex- cellent, fair, fine; considerable. ANT. Unpleasant, undesir- able, inconsiderable, uncomely, ungainly, clumsy, aickicard. Gorgeous. Showy, glittering, splendid, shining, magnificent, resplendent, fine, rich, superb, dazzling; costly, grand, strong. ANT. Poor, naked, dingy, bare, threadbare, cheap; grimy, soiled; dull, obscure, dim. Govern. Manage, reign over, di- rect, command, control, rule, sway, influence, mold, restrain, curb, moderate, guide, super- vise, conduct; regulate, steer, bridle. ANT. Be subject, obey, sub- mit, comply, yield; misrule, misdirect, misconduct. Grace. Favor, kindness, conde- scension, love, benignity, good will; piety, devotion, sanctity, devoutness, faith, holiness, re- ligion; mercy, pardon, forgive- ness; elegance, polish, accom- plishment, refinement; beauty, symmetry, comeliness, graceful- ness, ease; short prajer; excel- lence, charm. [ 133 ] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS ANT. Disfavor, deformity, pride, unkindness, gawkiness, awkwardness, inelegance. Graceful. Beautiful, comely, ele- gant, stately, easy, natural, be- coming, flowing, rounded, sinu- ous. ANT. Awkward, homely, un- couth, ugly, plain, gawky, un- graceful. Graceless. Depraved, degener- ate, corrupt, reprobate, disso- lute, profligate, lost, abandoned, hardened, obdurate, shameless, incorrigible, wicked, irreclaim- able; ungraceful, scampish, vi- cious, worthless. ANT. Graceful, virtuous, up- right, conscientious, worthy; gracious, tender-hearted. Gracious. Benevolent, benign, kind, favorable, benignant, com- passionate, friendly, merciful, tender, lenient, condescending, mild, gentle; affable, familiar, civil, polite, easy, courteous, beneficent. ANT. Haughty, discourteous, ungracious, ill-disposed, churl- ish, unfriendly, impolite. Gradation. Progress, progres- sion, succession ; graduation, precedency, arrangement, ordi- nation, standing, rank, degree, stage, tier. ANT. Equality, uniformity, fraternity; abruptness, break, hiatus. Gradual. Regular, progressive; slow, approximate; continuous, unintermittent, step by step, gradational. ANT. Sudden, momentary, in- stantaneous, periodic, intermit- tent, recurrent, broken, discon- tinuous, disconnected. Grand. Stately, lordly, princely, august, exalted, majestic, ele- vated, illustrious, eminent, dig- nified, great, high ; magnificent, glorious, superb, splendid, lofty, noble, sublime; principal, chief, main, leading, supreme; large, imposing, important, eventful, pompous, gorgeous. ANT. Little, undignified, un~ imposing, inferior, petty, pal- try, secondary, unimportant, in- significant, mean, common, beg- garly, contemptible, small. Grandeur. Greatness, vastness, loftiness, elevation, immensity; state, dignity, majesty, stateli- ness, pomp, augustness, splen- dor; magnificence, display, os- tentation. ANT. Meanness, paltriness? humiliation, shame, disgrace. Grandiloquence. Bombast, fua- tian, turgidity; verbosity, pom- posity, mouthiness, grandiosity, antiloquence, stiltedness, eu- phuism. ANT. Simplicity, naivet6, un- affectedness; vernacular. Grant. Yield, admit, concede, al- low; give, bestow, confer, deign, vouchsafe ; convey, transfer ; al- lot, accord, cede, impart. ANT. Withhold, withdraw, reserve, resume, deny, refuse. Graphic. Vivid, lively, pictur- esque, well-drawn, striking, tell- ing; illustrative, pictorial, de- scriptive, forcible, feeling; de- scribed. ANT. Undcscrlptive, unillus- trative, unpicturcsque ; hazyf obscure, indefinite. Grasp. Clasp, gripe, seize, grip,, grapple, catch, clutch, clinch,, lay hold of; hold, retain, com- prehend. ANT. Loose, lose, abandon, relinquish, surrender, release, miss, misunderstand. Grateful. Obliged, thankful, in- debted, beholden ; agreeable, ac- ceptable, pleasing, pleasant, de- lightful, gratifying, welcome,. C 1: gra] [gri charming, satisfying; delicious, savory, nice, cordial, luscious, refreshing, invigorating; com- forting, soothing, alleviating. ANT. Unpleasant, unaccept- able, disobliged, ungrateful, dis- agreeable. Gratification. Satisfaction, in- dulgence; enjoyment, delight, pleasure, fruition; reward, rec- ompense. ANT. Pain, dislike, disap- pointment, abstinence, stinting, discipline, inurement, abnega- tion. Gratify. Please, delight, glad- den; indulge, satisfy, humor, fulfil. ANT. Displease, dissatisfy, stint, deprive, deny, discipline. Gratitude. Thankfulness, obli- gation, gratefulness. ANT. Thanklessness, ingrati- tude, ungratefulness, unthank- fulness, resentment, oblivion, indignation. Gratuitous. Free, voluntary, uncompensated, groundless, un- warranted, unsought, unneces- sary ; spontaneous, baseless, un- recompensed. ANT. Compulsory, involun- tary, obligatory, necessitated, warranted, well-founded; un- willing, enforced, enjoined. Grave, a. Important, weighty, serious, cogent, momentous ; so- ber, sedate, thoughtful, staid, solemn; plain, subdued, quiet, silent; sad, pressing, demure, Bomber, aggravated, heavy. ANT. Joyous, merry, unim- portant, facetious, ridiculous, trivial, light, frivolous, futile, trifling, petty, slight. Great. Large, big, vast, huge, bulky, ample, immense, gigan- tic, enormous; much, excessive, high ; numerous, countless ; con- siderable, important, weighty; distinguished, eminent, exalted, prominent, excellent, elevated, celebrated, noted, famed, illus- trious, famous, renowned; au- gust, grand, dignified, noble, sublime, majestic, lofty; gener- ous, magnanimous, chivalrous, high-minded; sumptuous, rich, magnificent; difficult, onerous, hard, burdensome, grievous ; chief, principal, main, leading, grand; superior, preeminent; protracted, noticeable. ANT. Little, narrow, scanty, puny, few, short, mean, ignoble, weak, unimportant. Greediness. Avidity, hunger, vo- racity, ravenousness, gluttony; eagerness, longing, greed, in- tense desire; grasping, avarice, rapacity, selfishness. ANT. Generosity, prodigal- ity, benevolence. Greedy. Voracious, ravenous, in- satiable, gluttonous, insatiate, rapacious; eager, desirous ; self- ish, grasping, avaricious; hungry. ANT. Abstemious, abstinent, contented, apathetic, indiffer- ent; generous, unselfish. Grief. Bitterness, misery, agony, anguish, heartache, heartbreak ; trial, grievance ; melancholy, sadness, sorrow, trouble, tribu- lation, woe, mourning, affliction, distress, regret. ANT. Happiness, joy, ela- tion, delight, hilarity, exulta- tion, cheer, mirth, gaiety. Grievance. Hardship, wrong, injury, burden, oppression ; af- fliction, trial, sorrow, grief, dis- tress, woe; complaint, trouble, injustice. ANT. Congratulation, boon, benefit, rejoicing, privilege, al- leviation, riddance, disburden- ment. Grieve. Afflict, pain, hurt, dis- t 140 1 gri] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tress, sadden, agonize; sorrow, mourn, lament, suffer, bewail ; burden, annoy, wound, com- plain, deplore. ANT. Ease, soothe, console, please, rejoice, exult, alleviate, gratify, content, satisfy. Grievous. Sad, heavy, distress- ing, afflictive, painful, deplor- able, lamentable; hurtful, in- jurious, noxious, mischievous, detrimental, calamitous; atro- cious, heinous, outrageous, in- tolerable, dreadful, flagrant, aggravated ; sorrowful, baleful, burdensome, unhappy, disas- trous. ANT. Pleasant, joyous, de- lightful, glad, consolatory, ac- ceptable, welcome, grateful, light, trivial, trifling. Grim. Fierce, ruthless, cruel, savage, ferocious; frightful, horrible, hideous, dire, horrid, appalling, terrific, dreadful; ugly, ghastly, sullen, stern. ANT. Mild, attractive, be- nign, placid, docile. Gross. Great; large, big, bulky: dense, thick; coarse, rough, rude, unrefined, unseemly, un- becoming; indelicate, sensual, impure, vulgar, low, broad ; enormous, flagrant, shameful, outrageous, grievous ; palpable, manifest, glaring; whole, total, entire, aggregate; vicious, ani- mal, bloated. ANT. Partial, component; net ; refined, pure; elegant, deli- cate, subtle. Grotesque. Fantastic, whimsi- cal, fanciful, droll, odd, unnat- ural, strr.ngo, wild, bizarre, ex- travagant; ludicrous, absurd, ridiculous, antic, burlesque; quaint, old, archaic, distorted, caricatured. AXT. Classic, chaste, grace- ful, fine, severe, regular, fash- ionable, symmetrical, typical,, formal, normal. Ground. Basis, base, ground- work, support, foundation ; sod, soil, clod, earth, loam, turf; region, territory, country, land, domain; estate, acres, field; motive, consideration, reason,, cause, account, inducement; premise, plea. ANT. Superstructure, state- ment, argument, inference, de- duction; product, development , result, effect; ocean, sea, deept main, waters. Grounded. Rooted, established, initiated, inaugurated, trained, prepared, fixed, set; indoctri- nated. ANT. Ungrounded, unpre- pared, uninitiated, baseless, un- founded, groundless, unauthor- ized. Groundless. Vain, suppositi- tious, unfounded, false, base- less, fanciful, chimerical, gra- tuitous. ANT. Well-founded, author- itativc, substantial, actual, au- thentic. Group. Cluster, collection, assem- blage, order, bunch, knot, class, clump, assembly, collocation. AXT. Individual, crowd, iso- lation, medley, confusion; dis- persion, distribution, scatter- ing. Grovel. Creep, crawl, sneak, be prone, fawn, cringe, lie, grub, wallow. ANT. Soar, aspire, mount, rise, domineer, intimidate, dic- tate, broicbcat. Grow. Enlarge, increase, swell, expand, extend, augment; veg- etate, shout, sprout, germinate; advance, wax, progress, im- prove; adhere; raise, produce, cultivate ; accrue, become, de- velop, amplify. [ 141 ] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS ANT. Diminish, recede, con- tract, fail, stop, die, wane, de- cline, subside, ebb, decay, depre- ciate, crumble, weaken. Grudge, n. Hatred, pique, ran- cor, spite, malice, malevolence; grievance, aversion, dissatisfac- tion, discontent, refusal. ANT. Welcome, satisfaction, approval, contentment, bene- faction, complacency, bestowal. Guardian. Warden, keeper, pro- tector, defender, preserver ; cus- todian, conservator. ANT. Pupil, ward; traitor, betrayer; charge, minor. Guess. Conjecture, divine, sur- mise, mistrust, suspect; find out, solve, penetrate, fathom; suppose, think, believe, fancy, imagine; hazard, risk. ANT. Examine, prove, inves- tigate, establish, demonstrate, deduce, elaborate, illustrate. •Guide, n. Director, conductor, pilot ; mentor, monitor, adviser, instructor, counselor; clue, key; itinerary. ANT. Follower, disciple, im- itator, pupil. Guide, v. Lead, conduct, pilot; direct, rule, manage, regulate, govern, control, steer; superin- tend, influence, train. ANT. Mislead, misconduct, misdirect, mismanage, misregu- late, misguide, miseducate, be- tray, deceive, impose upon, dis- appoint, cheat. Guile. Cunning, craft, subtlety, artifice, artfulness, deceit, du- plicity, deception, fraud, wiles, trickery; treachery, insidious- ness, hypocrisy. ANT. Frankness, simplicity, honesty, candor, generosity, sin» cerity, truth, veracity. Guilt. Guiltiness, culpability, criminality; wrong, offensive- ness, wickedness, ill desert, in* iquity, sin, offense. ANT. Sinlessness, innocence^ purity, godliness, righteous- ness. Guise. Aspect, appearance, garb, dress, form, shape, figure, man- ner, mode, fashion; practice, habit, custom; semblance, plea, demeanor, mien. ANT. Character, person, in- dividual, sentiment, disposition, opinion, life, mind, soul, self. Gumption. Shrewdness, discern- ment, sagacity, skill, cleverness, ability, capacity, power, pene- tration, common sense. Gush, v. Burst, stream, flow, rush, spout, pour out, flow out; sentimentalize, be overeffusive. ANT. Drip, drop, filter, ooze, percolate, dribble, drain, strain, trickle. Gust. Taste, relish, zest, liking; pleasure, enjoyment, delight, delectation, gratification; turn, fancy, favor; blast, squall; fit, outburst, burst, paroxysm ; puff, breeze, gale. ANT. Calm, tranquillity, sub- sidence, composure, restraint, zephyr; insipidity, tasteless- ness. t 142 ] hab] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS than. Habiliment. Dress, garments, clothes, apparel, vesture, rai- ment, habit, costume, vestment, garb, robes, uniform, cloth- ing. ANT. Undress, nudity, bare- ness, deshabille, divestment. Habit. Condition, constitution, temperament; way, manner; dress, garb, habiliment; habit- uation, familiarity, association, inurement; routine, rule, cus- tom, fashion, practice, system, habitude, use, usage, wont. ANT. Dishabituation, inex- perience, inconversance, desue- tude, disuse, breach, infringe- ment, disusage. Habitation. Abode, dwelling, lodging, domicil, headquar- ters, quarters, dwelling-place. Habitual. Usual, customary, wonted, common, accustomed, regular, ordinary, familiar, everyday, perpetual. ANT. Irregular, extraordi- nary, unusual, occasional, ex- ceptional, rare. Haggard. Wild, wayward, in- tractable, refractory, unruly, untamed; gaunt, lean, spare, meager, worn, wasted, raw- boned ; attenuated, wrinkled, ghastly, hollow-eyed. ANT. Sleek, smug, plump, chubby, comely, nightly, pretty. Hail. Accost, address, salute, greet, welcome, call, speak, sig- nal. ANT. Ignore, avoid, pass, cut, disdain, insult, rebuff. Halcyon. Calm, quiet, placid, still, peaceful, tranquil, undis- turbed, unruffled, palmy, se- rene, happy, golden, balmy. ANT. Stormy, tempestuous, troublous, boisterous, bluster- ing, turbulent, violent. Hale. Healthy, sound, strong, robust, hearty, hardy, well. ANT. Feeble, sickly, weak. Half, n. Bisection, dimidiation, moiety. ANT. Integrity, total, whole, entirety, sum, amount, aggre- gate, quantity, number. Hallow. Consecrate, dedicate, sanctify, devote, make holy; reverence, venerate, honor, re- spect, pay homage to, enshrine. ANT. Desecrate, profane, ex~ ecrate, blaspheme, abominate. Halt. Stop, hold, stand, pull up j limp, hobble; rest, falter, ham- per, stammer, demur, dubitate, pause, stand still, hesitate. ANT. Advance, flow, speed; determine, decide, conclude, fin- ish. Hamper. Hinder, fetter, en- tangle, shackle, clog, encum- ber, restrain, impede. ANT. Free, liberate, loose; expedite, hasten, speed, accel- erate. Hand. Palm and fingers; side, direction, part; skill, dexterity, talent, ability, faculty; handi- work, workmanship; man- agement, course; asrency, share, intervention, participation; la- borer, workman, operative, ar- tificer, artisan, craftsman, em- ployee; possession, power, con- trol; index, pointer, indicator; chirography, handwriting; in- fluonce; handful, bunch. ANT. Employer. Handle. Touch, feel, take; man- age, use. wield; treat, discuss, discourse; deal with; operate,, manipulate- [ H3 1 ban] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [har ANT. Drop, bungle, misman- age, botch, spoil, mar. Handsome. Comely, stately, well-formed, fine-looking; easy, graceful, becoming, appropri- ate; generous, liberal, noble, magnanimous, disinterested; ample, sufficient, large, plenti- ful; beautiful, pretty, lovely, elegant. ANT. Uncomely, ill-looking, ungenerous, illiberal, ugly, un- sightly, ghastly. Handy. Dexterous, adroit, skil- ful, skilled, ready, clever, ex- pert; convenient, near, at hand. ANT. Remote, inconvenient, umoieldy, cumbrous, awkward, useless, unhandy. Hang. Rest, lean, depend, poise, suspend; attach, incline, drop, decline, droop; execute; drape, adorn; dangle, be suspended, adhere, rely, stick, cling; hover, float, play; attend. ANT. Stand, recline, lean, lie; prop, support, uphold. Happen. Chance, occur, befall, bechance, betide, fall, come to pass, fall out, take place, super- vene. ANT. Miss, omit, fail, pass, spare, pass by, neglect, dis- card. Happiness. Delight/ joy, pleas- ure, satisfaction, comfort, bliss, triumph, mirth, gaiety, ecstasy, gladness, rejoicing, rapture, contentment, merriment, bless- edness, felicity, cheer, enjoy- ment, well-being, light-hearted- ness, cheerfulness, brightness; beatitude, prosperity. ANT. Grief, sorrow, anguish, trouble, mourning, misfortune, affliction, disaster, woe, agony, distress, torture, torment, mel- ancholy. Happy. Gay, glad, joyous, cheer- ful, blessed, delighted, joyful, jolly, successful, rejoicing, blissful, lucky, merry, fortu- nate, rejoiced, jocund, buoy- ant, felicitous, bright, blithe- some, sunny, cheering, cheery, sprightly, delightful, smiling, mirthful, pleased, prosperous, rapturous; light-hearted, blest, gladdened, charmed; ready, ex- pert, apt, skilful, adroit, able, dexterous ; seasonable, oppor- tune, befitting, pertinent, well- timed ; auspicious, propitious, favorable. ANT. Unlucky, unfortuna,te, unsuccessful, infelicitous, sor- rowful, sorry, dull, lugubrious, disappointed, desponding, un- happy. Harangue. Speech, public or formal address, oration; bom- bast, declamation, tirade, screed; effusion, rant. ANT. Mumble, drawl, insinu- ation, suggestion, stammering, reasoning, blandiloquence, stut- tering. Harass. Fatigue, tire, weary, annoy, exhaust; vex, plague, worry, distress, trouble, molest, disturb, torment, harry; jade, tease, irritate, chafe, harrow, pester, perplex. ANT. Relieve, refresh, com- fort, solace, soothe, animate, in- spirit. Harbinger. Herald, forerunner, precursor, announcer. ANT. Reporter, narrator, fol- lower, attendant, historian, re- lator. Harbor, n. Asylum, refuge, shel- ter, cover, retreat, sanctuary, resting-place; port, haven, des- tination, home, anchorage. ANT. Labor, toil, peril, ex- posure, roving, wandering, voy- age, roaming, pilgrimage. Harbor, v. Shelter, lodge, pro- tect; entertain, indulge, foster, E 144 ] fear] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [har cherish; secrete; accommodate, encourage. ANT. Eject, expel, discard, discourage, stifle, exclude, ban- ish, dismiss. Hard. Firm, solid, compact, im- penetrable, rigid, unyielding ; difficult, embarrassing, knotty, puzzling, intricate, perplexing; laborious, arduous, toilsome, wearying, fatiguing; unkind, insensible, cruel, oppressive, rigorous, severe, exacting, in- flexible, obdurate, callous, un- feeling, unsympathetic; griev- ous, distressing, painful, calam- itous, unpleasant, disagreeable; inclement, stormy, cold, severe, tempestuous; harsh, sour, acid, rough ; coarse, unpalatable ; un- favorable, unprosperous, unpro- pitious; stiff, unnatural, forced, constrained, ungraceful ; exces- sive, intemperate; inexplicable, flinty, dense, stubborn, hardy, hardened. ANT. Soft, fluid, liquid, elas- tic, brittle, easy, penetrable, mild, lenient, tender, ductile, simple, uninvolved, intelligible, perspicuous. Harden. Indurate, make hard; habituate, inure, season, form, train, accustom, discipline; for- tify, strengthen, steel, nerve, brace ; scar, make callous, make obdurate; consolidate, compact. ANT. Disinure, relax, ener- vate, debilitate, soften, disha- bituate, melt, mollify, vaporize, colliquate. Hardihood. Firmness, fortitude, resolution, mettle, pluck, man- hood, courage, bravery, bold- ness, intrepidity, audacity, de- cision, determination; effron- tery, assurance, brass. ANT. Weakness, effeminacy ; timidity, fear; indecision; cow- ardice. Hardly. Scarcely, barely, just; severely, rigorously, unkindly, roughly, cruelly; merely, nar- rowly. ANT. Fully, amply, easily, abundantly, largely. Hardship. Toil, fatigue, weari- ness ; grievance, suffering, trial, affliction, trouble, misfortune, calamity, burden, hardness ; an- noyance, infliction, endurance. ANT. Pleasure, amusement, alleviation, recreation, gratifi- cation, relief, assuagement, fa- cilitation, treat, boon. Hardy. Bold, intrepid, resolute, brave, daring, valiant, heroic, manly, stout-hearted, coura- geous; strong, robust, firm, lusty, stout, healthy, rigorous, hale, sound, hearty; inured, vigorous. ANT. Weak, uninured, irres- olute, delicate, debilitated, ten- der, fragile, frail, infirm. Harm. Injury, hurt, detriment, mischief, damage, prejudice, disadvantage ; evil, criminality, wrong, wickedness; misfortune, ill, mishap. ANT. Benefit, boon, amelio- ration, improvement, compen- sation, reparation, remedy, healing. Harmless. Innocuous, innocent, innoxious, gentle, inoffensive ; unhurt, unharmed, uninjured. ANT. Noxious, hurtful, noc- uous, savage, cruel, deadly, mis- chievous, violent, pernicious, destructive. Harmonious. Concordant, har- monic, consonant; melodious, tuneful, musical, dulcet, mellif- luous ; correspondent, consis- tent, symmetrical, congruent; friendly, cordial, amicable, fra- ternal, brotherly, neighborly ; accordant, proportioned, uni- form, peaceful, agreeable. [ 145 ] liar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hav ANT. Discordant, incongru- ous, unsJiapely, harsh, dispro- portioned, unmelodious, sharp, grating, riotous, unfriendly, unpeaceful, quarrelsome. Harmony. Concord, amity, ac- cordance, unison, consent, un- animity, unity, accord, agree- ment, uniformity, symmetry, union, conformity, consonance, congruity, concurrence, consis- tency. ANT. Hostility, separation, discord, warfare, battle, vari- ance, conflict, disagreement, disunion, dissension, conten- tion, antagonism, contest, con- troversy, schism, opposition, incongruity, difference, incon- sistency, disproportion. Harsh. Rough, sour, crabbed, tart, hard, biting, sharp, cor- rosive, caustic; grating, dis- cordant, jarring; morose, se- vere, stern, austere, acrimoni- ous, ill-natured, unkind, un- feeling; rude, uncivil, blunt, un- gracious, gruff, brutal, bearish ; abusive, rigorous, rancorous. ANT. Smooth, lenient, me- lodious, genial, kindly, suave, bland, gentle. Harvest. Fruit, crop, increase, yield, result, return, proceeds, product, growth, ingathering, harvest-feast, harvest-festival, harvest-time, harvest-home. Haste. Despatch, celerity, speed, promptitude, quickness; hurry, precipitation, vehemence, pre- cipitance ; expedition, excite- ment, heedlessness, swiftness. ANT. Delay, slowness, tardi- ness, coolness, reflection, mod- eration, steadiness. Hasten. Expedite, despatch, ac- celerate, speed, hurry, hustle, quicken, precipitate, press on, urge forward; haste, make haste; urge, press. ANT. Retard, impede, ob- struct, demur, halt, hesitate. Hasty. Quick, swift, fleet, fast, rapid, brisk, speedy; cursory, slight, hurried, superficial; headlong, rash, reckless, pre- cipitate, indiscreet, thought- less; passionate, touchy, irri- table, petulant, waspish, ex- citable, fiery, hot, irascible, peppery, fretful ; impetuous, crude, incomplete, immature, undeveloped. ANT. Tardy, slow, leisurely, careful, reflective, developed, complete, matured, elaborate, thoughtful, deliberate. Hateful. Malignant, malevo- lent, malign; abominable, de- testable, odious, execrable, ab- horrent, horrid, shocking, ac- cursed, damnable ; loathsome, disgusting, nauseous, foul, re- pulsive, offensive, vile, obnox- ious, revolting, repugnant; heinous. ANT. Lovely, loveable, de- sirable, delightful, attractive, enticing, enjoyable, tempting, pleasant. Hatred. Enmity, dislike, hos- tility, anger, abhorrence, aver- sion, spite, revenge, grudge, ill will, malice, antipathy, resent- ment, animosity, malignity, re- pugnance, rancor, detestation, malevolence. ANT. Friendship, love, be- nevolence, charity, beneficence. Have. Hold, occupy, own, pos- sess, be in possession of, re- gard, consider, esteem; wish, require, desire; obtain, get, ac- quire, receive, gain; be obliged, be under necessity; take, ac- cept; bear, bring forth; feel, entertain, enjoy, keep. ANT. Want, need, lose, dis- card, forego, miss, reject, covet, desire. [ 146 ] hav] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hea Havoc. Ravage, devastation, destruction, desolation, waste, ruin; carnage, slaughter; dem- olition, wreck. ANT. Conservation, enrich- ment, enhancement, augmen- tation, development, prosper- ity, productiveness, luxuriance. Hazard, n. Chance, peril, ven- ture, risk, casualty, accident, contingency, danger, jeopardy, fortuity. ANT. Safeguard, protection, security, surety, certainty, ne- cessity, plan, assurance, safety ; warrant, calculation, law. Hazy. Foggy, misty, nebulous, filmy, gauzy, cloudy, murky, gloomy. ANT. Clear, crystalline, di- aphanous, transparent, bright, luminous, shining. Head. Top, summit, acme; front, fore part; rise, com- mencement, source, origin, be- ginning; chief part, principal part; person, individual; chief, chieftain, leader, commander, master, superintendent, direc- tor; first place; understand- ing, mind, thought, intellect; topic, subject; class, section, department, category, division; seat of the brain ; crown, ruler, crisis, gathering, culmination, leadership, guide. ANT. Tail, bottom, foot, fol- loicer, servant, retainer, sub- ordinate, subordination, inferi- ority, body, bulk, substance, continuation. Heal. Cure, remedy, restore; reconcile, compose, soothe, har- monize, settle; be cured, get well ; repair, assuage, cicatrize. ANT. Harm, hurt, wound, pierce, ulcerate. Healthy. Healthful, sanitary, hearty, hygienic, well, vigor- ous, strong, sound, wholesome, hale, salutary, salubrious, in- vigorating, bracing. ANT. Unhealthy, noxious, pernicious, insalubrious; ill, sickly, unhealthful, weak, dis- eased, feeble, wasted, emaci- ated, fainting, failing, unsound, worn, frail, fragile, exhausted, delicate. Heart. Organ of circulation; interior, center, essence, core, kernel ; disposition, mind, will, inclination, intent, passion, pur- pose; spirit, courage, firmness, fortitude, resolution; love, af- fection, feeling, emotion; con- science, character, moral na- ture; nucleus, hardihood, life, benevolence. ANT. Rand, action, aspect, exterior, manifestation, deed, conduct, timidity. Heart-broken. Forlorn, dis- consolate, inconsolable, miser- able, wretched, desolate, cheer- less, comfortless, in despair, broken-hearted, wobegone. ANT. Cheerful, hopeful, trusting. Heartily. Cordially, zealously, sincerely, earnestly. ANT. Half-heartedly, insin- cerely, indifferently. Hearty. Earnest, warm, cor- dial, sincere, true, deep, pro- found, heartfelt, unfeigned; ac- tive, zealous, vigorous, ener- getic, animated; healthy, hale, sound, strong, well, robust; abundant, full, heavy; nour- ishing, rich, nutritious; hon- est, genuine. ANT. Delicate, infirm, un- healthy, cold, insincere, hol- low, dissembling, deceptive, de- ceitful, hypocritical, false. Heat. Warmth, high tempera- ture; excitement, flush, vehe- mence, impetuosity, passion, violence, fever; ardor, earnest- [ 147 ] hea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hei ness, fervor, eeal; contest, race, struggle; intensity, ebullition. ANT. Coolness, indifference, calmness, subsidence, compo- sure, reflection. Heathenish. Heathen, pagan, Gentile; cruel, savage, inhu- man, ferocious ; unconverted, unChristian, unbelieving, un- civilized. ANT. Christian, believing, refined, civilized, polished. Heave. Lift, hoist, raise, ele- vate; breathe, exhale; throw, toss, hurl, fling, send; uplift, upraise, subelevate. ANT. Dash, sink, lower, de- trude, precipitate. Heaven. Firmament, sky, wel- kin, empyrean; Paradise, bliss, Elysium; felicity, transport, ec- stasy, happiness, rapture, tran- scendent delight. ANT. Gehenna, limbo, abyss, Hades, Tartarus, Avernus, in- fernal regions; misery, agony, torment, remorse. Heavenly. Celestial, divine, an- gelic, seraphic, cherubic, god- like, saintly, sainted, blessed, holy, beatific, beatified, glori- fied, blest; enrapturing, rav- ishing, rapturous, transport- ing, ecstatic, delightful, bliss- ful, golden. ANT. Demoniacal, diaboli- cal, foul, hideous, fiendish, hell- ish, infernal; terrene, human, terrestrial. Heavy. Weighty, ponderous, oppressive, grievous, severe, burdensome, cumbersome, af- flictive; dull, sluggish, inert, inactive, stupid, torpid, indo- lent, slow, lifeless, inanimate; dejected, depressed, sorrowful, sad, gloomy, despondent, mel- ancholy, disconsolate, crushed, do\vncast, crestfallen; onerous, difficult, laborious, hard; te- dious, weary, tiresome, weari- some ; loaded, encumbered, bur- dened; miry, muddy, clayey, cloggy. 8°ggy> ill-raised; tem- pestuous, stormy, strong, vio- lent, energetic, boisterous; im- penetrable, stolid; loud, deep, roaring; dense, dark, gloomy, cloudy, lowering; thick. ANT. Light, trifling, trivial, agile, active, joyous, brisk, al~ leviative, quick, consolatory, buoyant, inspiriting, animat- ing. Hector. Threaten, bully, men- ace; vex, tease, annoy, worry, fret, irritate, provoke, harass, harry; swagger, bluster, boast, vaunt. ANT. Cower, shrink, hide, abscond, skulk. Heed. Observe, regard, notice, mind, attend, harken to, listen to, obey, care, be wary or cau- tious. ANT. Slight, ignore, disre- gard, neglect, omit, overlook. Heedful. Observing, regardful, watchful, careful, cautious, at- tentive, wary, provident, cir- cumspect, mindful. ANT. Heedless, careless, un- observing, thoughtless, unob- servant, inattentive, negligent, regardless, unmindful, neglect- ful, remiss, inconsiderate, pre- cipitate, reckless, headlong, rash. Height. Altitude, elevation; eminence, summit, top, apex, acme; hill, mountain; exalta- tion, stature, dignity, lofti- ness, grandeur; tallness, cul- mination, crisis. ANT. Depth, lowness, de- pression, base, littleness, abase- ment; profundity. Heighten. Elevate, raise; mag- nify, exalt, ennoble; increase, enhance, augment, improve; hei] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hid aggravate, intensify; color, ex- aggerate, vivify, amplify, lift up. ANT. Lower, diminish, de- press, abase, deteriorate, tem- per, tone, modify, qualify, ex- tenuate. Heinous. Flagrant, flagitious, infamous, villainous, nefarious, wicked, atrocious, enormous, monstrous; hateful, detestable, odious, abominable, execrable. ANT. Excellent, laudable, dis- tinguished, praiseworthy, justi- fiable, meritorious, excusable. Help. Foster, aid, assist, encour- age, succor, uphold, sustain, support, abet, cooperate, sec- ond, stand by, befriend, rem- edy, prevent, avoid, promote, relieve. ANT. Obstruct, incur, resist, aggravate, oppose, thwart, dis- courage, iC'ithstand, counteract. Hereditary. Ancestral, patri- monial ; transmitted, inher- ited; lineal. ANT. Conferred, acquired, icon, achieved. Heresy. Heterodoxy, error, un- sound doctrine, schism, unor- thcdoxy. ANT. Orthodoxy, catholicity ; convention, prevailing belief. Heretic. Dissenter, schismatic, nonconformist, heresiarch. ANT. Orthodox believer, fa- natic, adherent. Heritage. Inheritance, entail- ment, legacy, bequest, portion, patrimony, estate. ANT. Wages, acquisition, merit, compensation. Hermetically. Secretly, myste- riously, mystically, occultly, emblematically, symbolically ; air-tight, closely. ANT. Loosely, misfittingly ; openly. Heroic. Brave, valiant, cour- ageous, bold, daring, intrepid, fearless, dauntless, noble, mag- nanimous, gallant; epic; vio- lent, extreme, desperate, ex- travagant; undaunted, chival- rous, romantic. ANT. Dastardly, cowardly, cravenly, fearful, timorous. Hesitate. Doubt, pause, delay, demur, waver, vacillate; falter, stammer ; dubitate, scruple. ANT. Decide, run, flow, de- termine, precipitate. Heterodox. Unsound, unortho- dox, heretical, freethinking. ANT. Sound, orthodox. Heterogeneous. Unlike, vari- ant, various, confused, con- glomerate, mingled, mixed, dis- cordant, miscellaneous, dissim- ilar, non-homogeneous ; alien, strange, different, opposed, con- trary, contrasted. ANT. Homogeneous, identi- cal, like, same, pure, uniform, similar, alike, accordant, con- gruous. Hew. Cut, chop, hack; smooth, fashion, form ; mold, model, en- grave, carve, sculpture, turn. ANT. Leave intact. Hibernal. Wintry, brumal, arc- tic, glacial, frigid. ANT. Summery, balmy, zeph- yrous, halcyon, tropical. Hide. Conceal, secrete, mask, dissemble, protect, store, dis- guise, screen, cover, burrow, en- sconce; suppress, shelter, with- hold, cloak, veil, bury, inter, entomb, overwhelm. ANT. Expose, disclose, dis- cover, exhume, show, tell, raise, reveal, unveil, unmask, uncover, exhibit, confess, betray, avow, divulge, disinter, make known, lay bare, lay open, publish, ad- vertise, manifest, promulgate, admit; strip. Hideous. Frightful, dreadful, [ 149 ] big] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hoi appalling, horrible, ghastly, terrible, horrid, grim, shock- ing, grisly; unshapely, ugly, monstrous. ANT. Graceful, beautiful, at- tractive, captivating. High. Prominent, superior, dis- tinguished, preeminent; dig- nified, great, admirable; recon- dite, abstruse, occult, profound, dark, obscure, transcendental; proud, haughty, arrogant, su- percilious, lordly; boastful, os- tentatious, bragging, vain-glo- rious ; despotic, domineering, overbearing, tyrannical; turbu- lent, violent, strong, tumultu- ous, boisterous; extreme; complete, full; dear; shrill, acute, sharp, high-pitched ; northerly, southerly ; early, primeval ; capital, principal ; strong-flavored; noble, exalted, steep, tall, towering, uplifted, elevated, eminent, lofty. ANT. Low, base, degraded, inferior, mean, short, stunted, depressed, dwarfed, ignoble. Hinder. Delay, embarrass, op- pose, prevent, stay, stop, re- tard, hamper, impede, baffle, en- cumber, check, bar, clog, coun- teract, frustrate, foil, inter- rupt, obstruct, resist, thwart, block, balk, debar. ANT. Quicken, hasten, speed, accelerate, expedite, enable, fa- cilitate, promote. Hinge. Turn, depend, hang, be dependent; move, work, rotate, circulate. ANT. Halt, jar, grate, pre- cipitate, abrade; give, fail. Hire. Engage, commission, rent, employ; bribe, buy up; lease, let. ANT. Buy, purchase. History. Annals, chronicle, re- cital, memoir, narrative, rec- ord, register, story, account, archives, narration, muniment, memorial, autobiography, bi- ography. ANT. Fiction, fable. Hit. Strike; reach, attain, win, secure, gain ; suit, accord with ; clash, collide; succeed, be suc- cessful; chance, hazard, touch, mistake. ANT. Fail, err, miss, mis- chance, swerve, deflect, over- shoot. Hitch. Catch, get stuck or im- peded; go by jerks; fasten, unite, connect, tie, attach; bar,, stick, stitkle, jam. ANT. Run, glide, slide, ro- tate, flow, continue. Hoard. Store, deposit, save, gar- ner, husband, hive, accumu- late, amass, treasure. ANT. Waste, squander, dis- sipate, scatter. Hoarse. Husky, raucous; gra- ting, rough, harsh, low, gut- tural, gruff. ANT. Melodious, rich, mel- low, sweet, mellifluous. Hoary. Hoar, white, gray, sil- very, frosty. ANT. Dark, raven, jet, black. Hoax. Deceive, cheat, impose upon; befool, bamboozle, trick, dupe. ANT. Guide, enlighten, in- form, undeceive, direct, regu- late, correct. Hobby. Nag, hobby-horse; pur- suit, whim, amusement, spe- cialty, idiosyncrasy. ANT. Nuisance, horror, aver- sion, incubus, bugbear, scare- crow. Hold. Possess, retain, have, oc- cupy; clasp, grasp, clutch, clinch ; restrain, confine, im- prison, detain; bind, fasten, unite, connect; stop, stay, ar- rest, suspend, withhold; sup- port, maintain, sustain, con- [ 150 ] hoi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hon tinue, prosecute; embrace, en- tertain, cherish; heed, regard, consider, notice, judge, esteem, count, reckon, deem; contain, admit; celebrate, solemnize; as- semble, convene ; cohere, ad- here, cling, stick, cleave; be firm, be fast, persist, last, en- dure; be derived; think, be of opinion, believe; stand, be true. ANT. Drop, surrender, fail, abandon, desert, release, forego, vacate, concede, break, cease; speed, accelerate; give, dis- pense; disperse. Hollow, a. Empty, void, va- cant, vacuous, cavernous ; in- sincere, false, faithless, hypo- critical, treacherous, deceitful, false-hearted, pharisaical ; ar- tificial, concave, insubstantial, flimsy, transparent, senseless, unsound; deep, low, rumbling. ANT. Full, solid, firm, sin- cere, well-stored, strong, true, sound, genuine, substantial. Holy. Hallowed, sacred, conse- crated, blessed, devoted, set apart; righteous, saintly, spir- itual, devout, saintlike, godly, religious, heavenly-minded, pi- ous, pure; reverend, sanctified, divine. ANT. Cursed, polluted, un- sanctified, unconsecrated, un- hallowed, wicked, worldly, ab- ominable, common, impure, un- holy, secular, profane, evil. Homage. Fealty, allegiance, de- votion, loyalty, fidelity; rever- ence, obeisance, respect, def- erence, duty, service, honor; worship, adoration ; affiance, submission, veneration. ANT. Treason, rebellion, de- fiance, insubordination, disaf- fection. Home. Habitation, hearth, resi- dence, house, abode, dwelling, domicil, fireside, hearthstone, ingleside. Homely. Domestic, homelike ; plain, coarse, uncomely, inele- gant, homespun; rather ugly. ANT. Handsome, beautiful, courtly, refined, elegant. Honest. Honorable, fair, open, straightforward, equitable; up- right, virtuous, conscientious, just, true, faithful, trusty, re- liable, trustworthy; genuine, thorough ; decent, reputable, re- spectable, creditable, suitable, proper; chaste; truthful, in- genuous, sincere, frank, unre- served, candid, good. ANT. Lying, unscrupulous, mendacious, untrue, deceitful, dishonest, false, hypocritical, fraudulent, disingenuous, per- fidious, faithless, treacherous, unfaithful, traitorous; dishon- orable, improper, wrong, insin- cere, vicious. Honesty. Integrity, upright- ness, probity, justice, fairness, equity, honor, fidelity, faithful- ness; truth, truthfulness, ve- racity; genuineness, thorough- ness; chastity, virtue; sincer- ity, candor, frankness, open- ness, unreserve, ingenuousness ; straightforwardness, rectitude. ANT. Insincerity, trickery, dishonesty, guile, fraud, decep- tion, unfairness, chicanery. Honor. Veneration, reverence, respect, homage, deference, civ- ility; dignity, elevation, dis- tinction ; majesty ; reputation, repute, fame, esteem, credit, glory, consideration; integrity, probity, rectitude; pride, nobil- ity, eminence, high-mindedness, spirit, self-respect, grandeur, renown. ANT. Contempt, irreverence, disrespect, slight, obscurity, de~ moralization, degradation, de~ hon] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS basement, disgrace, cowardice, infamy, dishonor. Honorable. Honest, upright, high-minded, illustrious, noble, great, just, fair, trustworthy, conscientious, virtuous, esti- mable, reputable, right, proper, creditable, equitable. ANT. Dishonorable, dishon- est, false, treacherous. Honorary. Unofficial, nominal, gratuitous, titular, unremuner- ative. ANT. Professional, official, remunerative, jurisdictional. Hoot. Shout ; cry like an owl ; denounce, hiss, execrate, cry down, decry, sibilate. ANT. Salute, welcome, cheer, "honor, acclaim, eulogize. Hope. Trust, confidence, faith, reliance ; expectancy, expecta- tion, possibility ; dependence ; anticipation, prospect, longing, vision, desire. ANT. Despair, despondency, distrust, abandonment, disbe- lief, abjuration. Horizontal. Plain, flat, level, even, plane. ANT. Vertical, inclined, un- even, slanting, sloping, hilly, "broken, irregular, rough, roll- ing, rugged. Horrible. Horrid, frightful, ter- rible, terrific, alarming, dire, portentous, appalling, horrific, horrifying, formidable, awful, harrowing, dreadful, hideous, fearful ; abominable, ghastly, detestable, hateful, direful. ANT. Lovely, desirable, en- joyable, attractive, beautiful, fair, pleasant, amiable. Horror. Fright, alarm, dread. fear, consternation, terror, af- fright, dismay, panic; abomi- nation, abhorrence, detestation, disgust, hatred, shuddering, an- tipathy; shrinking. ANT. Love, attraction, en- ticement, allurement. Horse. Steed, charger, stallion, gelding, mare, colt, pony, nag, courser, barb, filly, palfrey; cavalry, horsemen; stand, sup- port, frame. Hospitable. Generous, liberal, bountiful, open, kind, uncon- strained, unreserved, receptive, large-minded; sociable, neigh- borly, charitable. ANT. Unsociable, exclusive, retired, recluse, unneighborlyt churlish. Host. Entertainer ; innkeeper, landlord; army, legion; multi- tude, horde, throng, number, as- semblage. ANT. Handful, sprinkling, group, knot, corps, section; guest, traveler, boarder, lodger. Hostage. Sponsor, bail, surety. ANT. Dictator, conqueror. Hostile. Inimical, unfriendly ; adverse, opposite, contrary, re- pugnant, opposing, opposed. ANT. Friendly, kindly, ami- cable, neighborly, cordial, con- genial. Hostility. Enmity, animosity, hatred, unfriendliness, ill will; opposition, repugnance, vari* ance, contrariety. ANT. Companionship, con- geniality, sympathy, harmony, fellow-feeling, concord, alliance, kindliness, friendship. Hot. Burning, fiery, scalding, heated, very warm; irascible, impetuous, excitable, passion- ate, hasty, furious, violent; ar- dent, fervent, vehement, eager, glowing, animated, fervid; bit- ing, pungent, sharp, acrid, pep- pery, stinging, piquant, high- flavored; choleric. ANT. Cold, frigid, cool, arc- tic, chilled, chilly, boreal, bleak, wintry, frosty, icy; apatheticf [ 152 hug] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hyb unresponsive, unfeeling, stoical, passionless, uninspiring, dull, dead, indifferent, unconcerned. Huge. Immense, enormous, co- lossal, vast, bulky, stupendous, gigantic, elephantine, Hercu- lean, Cyclopean, large, great, monstrous, prodigious. ANT. Petty, pigmy, puny, undersized, small, minute. Human. Cosmical, ethnical, an- thropological, rational, civil- ized. ANT. Inhuman, beastly, ir- rational, animal, brutish. Humane. Kind, benevolent, be- nignant, accommodating, ten- der, compassionate, charitable, sympathetic, gentle, clement, kind-hearted ; tender-hearted ; elevating, refining, cultivating, rational, spiritual, humaniz- ing; benign, merciful, gracious, pitying, human, forgiving. AXT. Barbarous ; inhuman, unkind, cruel, unmerciful. Humanity. Mankind ; benevo- lence, kindness, philanthropy, tenderness, sympathy, charity, humaneness, good nature; hu- man spirit, rationality, reason, culture; man, compassion, sen- sibility. ANT. Unkindness, cruelty, inhumanity, irrationality, bes- tiality, barbarity. Humanize. Soften, make hu- mane ; civilize, cultivate, re- fine, polish, improve, enlighten, reclaim, educate; ameliorate, christianize. ANT. Barbarize, degrade, de- base, brutalize, depress. Humble. Meek, modest, unas- suming, unobtrusive, lowly, un- pretending, submissive, small, poor, low; obscure. ANT. High, lofty, assuming, pretentious, proud, boastful, ar- rogant, eminent. Humid. Damp, wet, moist, va- porous, dank, spongy. ANT. Dry, arid, moisture' less, parched. Humor, n. Disposition, temper, bent, propensity, bias, predilec- tion; mood, frame of mind, fancy, caprice, whim, freak, va- gary, crotchet; pleasantry, fun, jocularity, wit, facetiousness. ANT. Nature, personalityt mind, purpose, will, seriousness. Humorous. Facetious, jocular, jocose, funny, comical, sport- ive, comic, ludicrous, pleasant, witty. ANT. Grave, serious, sober, matter-of-fact, solemn, sad. Hurry, n. Flutter, flurry, pre- cipitation, confusion, bluster, bustle, agitation, perturbation; haste, despatch, celerity, expe- dition, quickness, promptness. ANT. Slowness; composure. Hurry, v. Haste, hasten, move quickly; urge, speed, expedite, despatch, accelerate. AXT. Delay, retard, slow down; loiter, saunter, move slowly. Hurt, n. Damage, harm, injury, mischief, disadvantage, detri- ment, wound. ANT. Benefit, pleasure. Hurt, v. Injure, harm, damage, impair, mar; pain, wound; grieve, afflict, bruise. •ANT. Heal, soothe, console, repair, benefit, compensate, re- instate. Hurtful. Harmful, injurious, mischievous, detrimental, dele- terious, disadvantageous, bane- ful, noxious, prejudicial, per- nicious, baleful. ANT. Helpful, beneficial, ad- vantageous, wholesome, salubri- ous, good, sanative, remedial. Hybrid. Mixed, impure, mon» grel, mule, half-breed. £ 153 ] typ] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [idi ANT. Pure, unmixed, thor- oughbred. Hypocrisy. Formalism, Pharisa- ism, cant, pietism, sanctimoni- ousness, assumed piety; deceit, deception, dissimulation, false profession, imposture ; sancti- mony, pretense, sham, affecta- tion. ANT. Sincerity, transpar- ency, truth, honesty, genuine- ness, candor, frankness, open- ness, ingenuousness, truthful- ness. Hypocrite. Deceiver, impostor, pretender, cheat, dissembler ; Pharisee, formalist. ANT. Saint, believer, Chris- tian; dupe, bigot, fanatic, sim- pleton. Hypocritical. Canting, Phari- saical, sanctimonious; insin- cere, dissembling, false, hollow, faithless, deceitful, unctuous, smug, smooth, mincing. ANT. Candid, truthful, sin- cere, plain-spoken, transparent, genuine. Hypothesis. Scheme, specula- tion, system, supposition, con- jecture, guess, surmise, theory. ANT. Certainty, demonstra- tion, evidence, fact, proof, dis- covery. Idea. Concept, conception, im- pression, judgment, plan, opin- ion, purpose, conceit, design, fancy, pattern, thought, theory, belief, image, imagination, no- tion, supposition, ideal, appre- hension, fantasy, model, senti- ment, archetype; doctrine, un- derstanding; fiction. ANT. Object, form, subject; substance, fact, actuality, re- ality. Ideal, n. Idea, archetype, orig- inal, model, standard, proto- type. ANT. Fact, performance, re- ality, practice, act, accomplish- ment, achievement, action, re- alization, attainment, develop- ment, doing, incarnation, em- bodiment, execution. Ideal, a. Mental, conceptional, intellectual, notional, creative, spiritual, poetical, suppositi- tious, unreal, fictitious, imagi- nary, fanciful, imaginative, chimerical. ANT. Physical, material, visible, tangible, historical, substantial, real, actual, pal- pable. Ideality. Imagination, concep- tion, invention, fancy, creative- ness, genius. ANT. Imitation, uninven- tiveness, copyism, unimagina- tiveness; literaliti/. Identical. Same, selfsame, not different; particular. ANT. Different, separate, contrary. Identify. Prove identical, make identical, confound; unite, in- tegrate, incorporate, recognize, verify. ANT. Divide, disunite, con- found, confuse, overlook, mis- take. Identity. Sameness, unity, one- ness, union, personality, indi- viduality, convertibility. ANT. Difference, separate- ness, distinctness, contrariety, plurality. Idiocy. Imbecility; foolishness, fatuity, irrationality ; aberra- [ 154 ] idi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ill tion, insanity; stupidity, folly, senselessness, incapacity. ANT. Intelligence, sagacity, wisdom, capacity, brilliancy, as- tuteness, acuteness, sense, com- mon sense, soundness; sanity, judgment. Idiom. Specialty, phrase, turn, peculiarity, characteristic. ANT. Barbarism, solecism. Idiosyncrasy. Peculiarity, idi- ocrasy; constitution, tempera- ment, specialty, characteristic, individuality, singularity, ec- centricity. ANT. Community, univer- sality, generality. Idiot. Fool, natural, imbecile. ANT. Sage, authority, lu- minary. Idle. Unbusied, unused, leisure ; useless, ineffectual, fruitless, bootless, unavailing, vain, abor- tive, futile; trifling, trivial, un- important, trashy, foolish, un- profitable; waste, empty; indo- lent, inert, lazy, slothful, unoc- cupied, vacant, inactive, slug- gish, unemployed. ANT. Active, busy, diligent, industrious, employed, work- ing; occupied; tilled; filled, populated; assiduous. Idolize. Deify; adore, worship, reverence, venerate. ANT. LoatJie, abominate, ex- ecrate, abhor. Ignoble. Plebeian, vulgar, un- titled, baseborn, low, mean, rustic, peasant; worthless, in- significant, contemptible; dis- honorable, disgraceful, inferior, unworthy; humble. ANT. Honorable, eminent, exalted, noble, lordly, illustri- ous, grand, notable. Ignominious. Dishonorable, in- famous, disgraceful, shameful, scandalous, disreputable, op- probrious; despicable, base, de- serving ignominy, contempt- ible. ANT. Honorable, creditable, reputable, estimable, worthy. Ignominy. Dishonor, disgrace,, discredit, shame, infamy, dis- repute, contempt, obloquy, opprobrium, scandal, abase- ment, odium; reprobation, re- proach. ANT. Credit, honor, reputa- tion, glory, luster, distinction* renown. Ignoramus. Smatterer, novice, wiseacre, dunce, simpleton, dul- lard, greenhorn, numskull. ANT. Savant, sage, lumi- nary. Ignorance. Illiteracy, stupid- ity, nescience, blindness, dark- ness. ANT. Knowledge, wisdom,, sense, learning, erudition. Ignorant. Illiterate, unlearned, unlettered, unskilled, untaught, untutored, uneducated, ill-in- formed, uninstructed, unin- formed. ANT. Educated, learned, in- structed, sage, wise, skilled, cul- tured, trained, well-informed* cultivated. Ignore. Disregard, neglect, over- look, not recognize; set aside,, reject; disown, repudiate. ANT. Own, notice, recognize, mark, visit, avow, claim. HI, n. Wickedness, depravity, evil ; misfortune, calamity, af- fliction, misery, harm, pain. ANT. Oood, blessing, for- tune; righteousness, integrity t honor. HI, a. Bad, evil, unfortunate, unfavorable ;. wicked, wrong, in- iquitous, naughty; sick, ailing,, diseased, disordered, poorly, in- disposed; cross, crabbed, surly, peevish, hateful, malicious; ill- favored, ugly. [ 155 ] ill] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ima ANT. Well, strong, good, vig- orous, healthy, robust, hearty, hale. Ill-bred, impolite, uncivil, un- courteous, uncourtly, uncouth, unpolished, rude, ill-behaved, ill-mannered. ANT. Polite, well-behaved, civil, refined, courteous. Illuminate. Light, illumine, il- lume ; enlighten, make wise, in- struct, inspire; emblazon, irra- diate. ANT. DarJcen, obscure, be- dim, mislead, delude. Illusion. Delusion, hallucina- tion, deception, error, fallacy, mockery, fantasy, phantasm, chimera; dream, vision, myth. ANT. Body, substance, form, reality, actuality, essence. Illusive. Delusive, deceptive, de- ceitful, fallacious ; visionary, unreal, disappointing, fugitive, erroneous, false, imaginary, il- lusory, chimerical. ANT. Substantial, real, true, satisfactory, solid, permanent. Illustrate. Elucidate, explain, ex- emplify, make clear; interpret, demonstrate, represent, embody, paint, image; adorn with pic- tures. ANT. Obscure, misinterpret, confuse, mystify, darken, mis- represent. Illustrious. Glorious, splendid, brilliant, bright, radiant; fa- mous, famed, noted, renowned, distinguished, celebrated, emi- nent, signal, remarkable, con- spicuous; deathless, noble. ANT. Ignominious, disgrace- ful, infamous, inglorious, dis- reputable. HI will. Malevolence, unkind- ness, malice, enmity, hatred, hate, rancor, envy, grudge, un- charitableness, ill nature; an- tipathy, dislike, aversion. ANT. Good will, benevolence, beneficence. Im- or In-. This prefix, which is regularly in-, and which be- comes il- before I, ir- before r, and im- before a labial, means in, into, on, or among, or de- notes the negative not, or, occa- sionally, has a simple intensive meaning. Such words as begin with this prefix without modi- fication of the combined mean- ing of the prefix and root word, will be easily derived from the antonyms and synonyms of the root words. Others of more de- rived meaning are found here. Image. Statue; idol, object of worship; likeness, effigy, figure, resemblance, similitude, repre- sentation, picture; trope, meta- phor; idea, copy, conception, fiction, shadow, vision. ANT. Person, original, sub- stance, subject, object, reality, truth, verity. Imagery. Phantasm, phantom, vision, dream; tropes, figures of speech, poetry, fancy, illus- tration, metaphor, similitude. ANT. Prose, statement, fact. Imagination. Conception, in- vention, ideality, fancy, fan- tasy, creative power; esemplas- tic faculty; idea, notion; con- trivance, scheme, device, plot; illusion. Imaginative. Inventive, crea- tive, plastic, poetical, esem- plastic, poetic; conceptive, ro- mantic, ideal, original. ANT. Unimaginative, unpo- etical, prosaic, unromantio, lit- eral, uninventive, matter-of~ fact. Imagine. Conceive, think, im- age, fancy, picture; devise, con- trive, frame, project, invent, create, mold; suppose, assume; deem, apprehend, believe; sur- I 156 ] imb] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [imm mise, understand, fabricate, pre- sume. ANT. Represent, exhibit, de- pict, prove, demonstrate, verify, substantiate. Imbecile, a. Weak, feeble, help- less, infirm, decrepit; foolish, witless, idiotic, driveling, fat- uous. ANT. Shrewd, clever, saga- cious. Imbecility. Weakness, debility, feebleness, infirmity, helpless- ness; foolishness, childishness, idiocy, fatuity, dotage, senil- ity. ANT. Strength, energy, vi- rility, vigor, power. Imbibe. Absorb, take in, suck in, swallow up ; receive, gather, gain, acquire, get, pick up; as- similate, learn. ANT. Discard, reject, re- nounce, disavow, abjure, repudi- ate. Imitate. Copy, follow, pattern after; mimic, ape, mock, im- personate, take off; burlesque, travesty, parody; represent, re- semble, portray, depict, repeat, counterfeit. ANT. Misrepresent, carica- ture, alter, vary, distort, re- model, differentiate, dissimilate, modify. Imitative. Imitating, copying, mimicking, aping, apish, cari- caturing, unoriginal, servile. ANT. Original, creative, in- ventive. Immaculate. Spotless, unspot- ted, stainless, unsullied, un- soiled, untainted, unblemished, untarnished, clean, pure, un- defiled; innocent, guiltless, sinless, faultless, fair, holy, saintly; virgin, unpolluted. ANT. Impure, corrupt, sin- fid, contaminated, defiled, pol- luted, tainted, spotted. Immanent. Intrinsic, inherent, internal, indwelling; empiri- cal; innate, subjective, congen- ital, ingrained, natural, implic- it. ANT. Emanant, transitive, developed, projectile, exsilient, phenomenal, explicit, acciden- tal, transcendental, transeunt. Immaterial. Incorporeal, un- bodied, unfleshly, spiritual, su- persensible ; unimportant, in- significant, unessential, non- essential, trivial, trifling. ANT. Material, physical, im~ portant, corporeal, essential. Immature. Unripe, crude, raw, green, unformed, unprepared, imperfect, rudimentary, unfin- ished ; premature, hasty, unsea- sonable, untimely ; undeveloped, ANT. Ripe, complete, devel- oped, mature, finished. Immeasurable. Illimitable, un- bounded, boundless, limitless, measureless, immense, infinite; vast, unfathomable. ANT. Finite, limited, air" cumscribed, restricted, shallow, bounded. Immediate. Proximate, close, near, next; direct, unmediated; instantaneous, instant, pres- ent; contiguous. ANT. Distant, remote, medi- ate, future. Immediately. Presently, thi» instant, straightway, directly, forthwith, at once, now, right off, instantly, without delay. ANT. Hereafter, by and by, after a while, sometime. Immemorial. Olden, ancient, hoary, archaic, primitive, re- mote, time-honored, primor- dial. ANT. Recent, modern, late, fresh, upstart. Immerse. Dip, plunge, sub- merge, sink, douse, duck, bury; [ 157 3 immj SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [imp soak, steep, macerate, drown, inundate, overwhelm. ANT. Dry, drain, parch, ven- tilate, air, ground, strand. Immigration. Migration, colo- nization, settlement. ANT. Exodus, emigration. Imminent. Impending, hover- ing, threatening. ANT. Improbable, doubtful, unexpected, unlikely, contin- gent, chimerical, problematical; tcarded, staved, escaped. Immunity. Freedom, exemp- tion, release, exoneration; pre- rogative, privilege, right, lib- erty, charter, franchise; dis- pensation. ANT. Liability, obligation, jurisdiction, impost, amenabil- ity, burden. Imp. Sprite, hobgoblin, demon, devil, flibbertigibbet, scamp, brat. ANT. Cherub, angel. Impact. Impulse, shock, impres- sion, stroke; collision, contact, striking, impinging ; applica- tion. ANT. Isolation, separation, interval, removal, avoidance, non-contact, shave. Impair. Deteriorate, vitiate, in- jure, harm, make worse; les- sen, diminish, decrease; ener- vate, weaken, enfeeble; reduce, damage. ANT. Enhance, improve, re- pair, augment, better, increase. Impassioned. Passionate, vehe- ment, impetuous, animated, ex- citing, glowing, intense, fervid, fervent, warm, ardent, zealous; spirited. ANT. Cool, impassive, unim- passioned, apathetic, indiffer- ent. Impatience. Uneasiness, dis- quietude, restlessness ; haste, vehemence, eagerness, precipi- tation, impetuosity; heat, vio- lence of temper, irritability, ir- ritableness. ANT. Patience, calmness, en- durance, composure, leniency, submission, forbearance, long- suffering. Impediment. Bar, hindrance, obstacle, obstruction, difficulty, clog, encumbrance, stumbling- block, check. ANT. Assistance, aid, bene- fit, help, relief, succor, advan- tage; aidance, support, further ance. Imperative. Commanding, au* thoritative, peremptory; bind- ing, obligatory; urgent, irre- sistible, dictatorial, inexorable, compulsory. ANT. Indulgent, lenient, sup~ plicatory, mild, optional, di*- cretional, entreative. Imperial. Belonging to an em- pire, kingly, regal, sovereign, royal; majestic, grand, magni- ficent, exalted, great, noble, SU' preme, consummate, superb. ANT. Ignoble, servile, slav* ish, beggarly, mean, paltry. Imperious. Magisterial, dicta- torial, despotic, domineering, tyrannical, overbearing, lordly, haughty, arrogant, authorita- tive, exacting. ANT. Yielding, compliant, submissive, gentle, mild, docile, ductile. Impetuous. Fierce, vehement, violent, furious, passionate, pre- cipitate, hasty, headlong, over- zealous, reckless, rash, exciti able. ANT. Careful, slow, deliber- ate, thoughtful, reflective, lei- surely. Implement. Utensil, tool, appli- ance, instrument. ANT. Labor, work, science, art, agriculture, manufacture. [ 158 ] Imp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [imp Implicate. Entangle, enfold, in- volve, connect, associate, com- promise, charge, incriminate. ANT. Disconnect, extricate, acquit, dissociate. Implication. Entanglement, in- volution ; inference, conclusion ; intricacy, complication; con- cealment, latency; allusion, in- sinuation, innuendo, adumbra- tion. ANT. Arrangement, system, orderliness; manifestation, ex- pression, exposition, demonstra- tion, production. Implicit. Understood, implied, inferred, tacit; unreserved, un- hesitating, firm, steadfast, un- shaken, undoubtlng; involved. ANT. Expressed, explicit, de- veloped, stated, plain, specific, unambiguous. Imply. Involve, import, include, signify, mean, indicate, suggest, hint, denote. ANT. Express, declare, state, pronounce. Import, n. Meaning, sense, pur- port, drift, signification, gist, spirit, bearing, tenor, inten- tion. ANT. Statement, proceeding. Import, v. Bring into; purport, denote, imply, betoken, signify, mean; concern, be of signifi- cance to; introduce. ANT. Export, banish, exile, send abroad. Importance. Consequence, mo- ment, weight, significance, mo- mentousness, import, concern; avail; self-importance, pompos- ity. ANT. Nothingness, insigni- ficance, unimportance, immate- riality. Important. Grave, weighty, mo- mentous, serious, material, sig- nificant; influential, prominent, pompous, self-important, con- sequential; expressive, leading, main, relevant, considerable, es- sential, great, dignified. ANT. Insignificant, trivial, inconsiderable, irrelevant, sec- ondary, petty, mean, uninfluen- tial, minor, unimportant. Importunate. Urgent, pertina- cious, pressing, teasing, busy,, solicitous, overurgent, overen- treative. ANT. Modest, diffident, self- reliant, self-respecting. Importune. Urge, entreat, press,, solicit, dun, beset, pester, tease, worry, trouble. ANT. Surrender, sacrifice, abandon; grant, bestow. Impose. Put, set, lay, place;, appoint, enjoin, prescribe; ob- trude, palm off, pass; inflict, subject. ANT. Remove, disburden, un- load, free; hold up, arrest, dis- close. Imposing. Stately, august, ma- jestic, grand, noble, command- ing, impressive; striking, effec- tive, dignified. ANT. Petty, undignified, un- imposing, insignificant, paltry, puny. Imposition. Imposing, putting, placing, laying; burden, levy, tax, constraint, oppression, in- junction ; deception, fraud, arti- fice, trickery, imposture, cheat- ing; presumption, exaction, en- croachment. ANT. Sanction, warrant, at*. thority ; truth, verity, fact, cer- tainty, verification, genuine", ness, authenticity, honesty. Impost. Tax, duty, custom, ex- cise, levy, toll, tribute, rate; im> position. ANT. Revenue, proceeds, ex- emption, immunity. Impostor. Deceiver, pretender,, cheat, hypocrite, knave, charla- [ 159 ] imp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [imp tan, mountebank, rogue, Phari- see, trickster, dissembler. ANT. Guide, enlightener, de- tector, undeceiver. Imposture. Cheat, trick, de- ception, imposition, fraud, ruse, delusion, dodge, artifice, wile, deceit, stratagem, hoax. ANT. Truth, fact, verity, re- ality. Impotence. Disability, inca- pacity, incompetence, power- lessness, weakness, inefficiency, infirmity, frailty, imbecility, inability, incapability, help- lessness, disqualification. ANT. Capacity, vigor, qual- ification, ability. Impoverish. Make poor or in- digent, exhaust, deplete, rob, beggar, fleece, denude. ANT. Enrich, aggrandize, augment, store, enhance, en- dow. Impregnable. Invincible, tin- assailable, invulnerable, im- movable, inexpugnable, secure, tenable, irrefragable. ANT. Pregnable, weak, ex- posed, defenseless, expugnable. Impregnate. Fecundate, imbue, infuse, tincture, saturate, fill, fertilize; mix, combine, insert, steep, vivify, teach. ANT. Remove, evolve, extri- cate, separate, destroy, quench, extinguish, be studious, learn. Impression. Printing, stamp- ing, imprinting; stamp, im- press, brand; mark; sensation, effect, influence; notion, idea, opinion, fancy. ANT. Concept, apprehension, comprehension. Impressive. Affecting, touch- ing, moving, stirring, power- ful, striking, overpowering; forcible, solemn, imposing, im- portant. ANT. Weak, feeble, vapid, tame, unimpressive, dry, insig- nificant. Improve. Mend, gain, become better, get on, gain ground; in- crease, rise, be enhanced; bet- ter, amend, ameliorate, rec- tify; progress; avail one's self of, use, make productive; cor- rect, reform. ANT. Debase, deteriorate, vi- tiate, spoil, mar, impair, in- jure, depress. Improvement. Amending, bet- tering, amelioration, amend- ment, progress, efficiency, pro- ficiency, advancement, use, bet- terment ; increase, correction. ANT. Degeneracy, retrograda- tion, degeneration, debasement, deterioration, retrogression. Impudence. Assurance, bold- ness, impertinence, pertness, rudeness, sauciness, effrontery, forwardness, incivility, inso- lence, presumption, officious- ness, intrusiveness. ANT. Bashfulness, humil- ity, diffidence, meekness, lowli- ness, modesty, submissiveness ; coyness, obsequiousness, sub- serviency, abasement. Impugn. Attack, assail, contra- dict, oppose, resist, gainsay, controvert, deny, blame. ANT. Declare, state, allege, approve, commend, defend, re- pel; propose, propound, con- front, face. Impulse. Thrust, push, impe- tus; passion, instinct, procliv- ity, inclination, appetite; mo- tive, influence, incitement, in- stigation, incentive, force, sud- den thought. ANT. Deliberation, premedi- tation, rebuff, repulse. Impulsive. Propulsive, impell- ing, moving; hot, quiek, rash, hasty, passionate ; wayward, impressible. [ 160 Anp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [inc ANT. Discreet, hesitating, reluctant, timid, calculating, wary, cautious. Impute. Ascribe, refer, charge, attribute, imply, insinuate. ANT. Withdraw, retract, re- call; clear, justify, acquit. Inane. Empty, void; worthless, trifling, vacuous, vain, puer- ile, frivolous; pointless, feeble, vapid, characterless. ANT. Significant, pointed, powerful, sensible, forcible. Inanition. Emptiness, vacuity, inanity; vanity, folly, pueril- ity, worthlessness, frivolous- ness; exhaustion, starvation. ANT. Fulness, repletion, plethora; significance, mean- ing. Inaugurate. Install, invest, in- duct; celebrate; commence, be- gin, initiate, originate. ANT. Divert, deprive, con- clude, terminate. Inauguration. Investiture, in- stallation, induction, consecra- tion, institution, initiation ; commencement, formal open- ing, beginning, origination. ANT. Dismissal, discharge; valediction, valedictory; close, conclusion, end, termination. Incandescence. White heat, in- calescence, glow. ANT. Iciness, refrigeration, congelation, crystallization. Incantation. Sorcery, charm, en- chantment, spell, magic, con- juration, witchcraft, witchery, necromancy ; recitation, invo- cation. ANT. Evocation, exorcism. Incarnation. Embodiment, im- personation, manifestation, ex- emplification, personification. ANT. Disembodiment, ab- straction, spiritualization. Incendiarism. Arson ; confla- gration. ANT. Extinction, quenching, annihilation. Incense, v. Enrage, exasper- ate, irritate, provoke, inflame, anger, excite, heat, chafe, sting, nettle, gall. ANT. Allay, soothe, pacify, appease, conciliate, mollify. Incentive. Inducement, incite- ment, spur, impulse, stimulant, goad, motive, cause, encour- agement, rousing, excitation. ANT. Deterrent, prohibition, learning, discouragement, dis- suasion. Inception. Beginning, inaugu- ration, commencement. ANT. Ending, finis, conclu- sion, termination. Incessant. Ceaseless, continual, unceasing, unremitting, per- petual, constant, everlasting, eternal, uninterrupted, unin- termittent. ANT. Periodic, occasional, intermittent, interrupted. Incidence. Impact, stroke, im- pingement. ANT. Reflection, resilience, rebound. Incident, n. Event, occurrence, circumstance, chance, accident, fact, adventure, casualty. ANT. Cause, antecedent, rea- son, tendency, inducement, in- fluence. Incident, Incidental, a. Hap- pening, liable ; belonging, per- taining, appertaining, natural, relating; falling, impinging; casual, occasional, pertinent, fortuitous, concurrent, concom- itant, accidental. ANT. Regular, systematic, disconnected, independent, ir- relative, inherent, essential, im- manent, invariable, uniform. Incipient. Beginning, inchoate, commencing, embryonic. ANT. Final, terminal. [ 161 ] Inc] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [inc Inclemency. Harshness, sever- ity, rigor, roughness, boister- ousness, storminess, tempestu- ousness. ANT. Clemency, mildness, leniency, gentleness, Inclement. Harsh, tyrannical, cruel, unmerciful, severe, rig- orous, stormy, rough, boister- ous. ANT. Benign, clement, mild, genial, merciful. Inclination. Inclining, slope, leaning, slant; trend, verging, obliquity; disposition, predi- lection, bent, bias, proclivity, proneness, tendency, leaning, aptitude, propensity ; desire, wish, fondness, liking, partial- ity; aptness, attachment, af- fection. ANT. Tangency, disinclina- tion, divergence, ineptitude, in- aptness, dislike. Incline, v. Slant, lean, slope; trend, verge, tend; be disposed, have a desire or propensity; dispose, predispose, turn, bias; bend, bow; bear, dip, induce, prompt. ANT. Deter, restrain, check; ascend, rise; indispose, disin- cline. Include. Hold, contain; com- prise, embody, comprehend, em- brace, take in. ANT. Exclude, leave out. Inclusive. Enclosing, encircling ; including, comprehending, em- bracing; comprehensive, addi- tive, implied. ANT. Exclusive, except ed; adversative, opposite, contrary, antithetical. Income. Revenue, profits, gains ; proceeds, pay, allowance. ANT. Expenditure, disburse- ment, outlay, expense. Incongruous. Inconsistent, un- suitable, absurd, conflicting, discordant, discrepant, repug- nant, mismated, incompatible, inapposite, contrary, contradic- tory, inappropriate, inharmoni- ous, ill-matched, irreconcilable, mismatched. ANT. Consistent, harmoni- ous, suitable, accordant, agree' ing, compatible. Increase, n. Accession, growth, extension, augmentation, addi- tion, enlargement, expansion, increment ; product, produce, gain, profit; offspring, issue, progeny, descendants. ANT. Deduction, detraction, diminution, contraction, loss, waste, detriment, curtailment, reduction, expenditure, impov- erishment. Increase, v. Advance, heighten, pile up, enhance, aggregate, di- late, magnify, spread, augment, greaten, enlarge, raise; extend, prolong; aggravate, intensify; grow; multiply, be fruitful. ANT. Decrease, lessen, di- minish, decline, abate, lower, reduce, curtail, retrench. Inculcate. Infuse, impress, en- force, instil, implant, ingraft, urge, teach. ANT. Insinuate, suggest, ab- jure, disavow, denounce. Incumbent. Obligatory, bind- ing, devolving; lying, leaning, reclining, resting, weighing down, prone; coercive, indis- pensable, urgent; threatening, impending. ANT. Optional, discretional, elective, voluntary. Incur. Contract, become liable to; bring on; meet, run. ANT. Avoid, shun. Incursion. Inroad, raid, inva- sion, irruption, descent, foray, sally, encroachment. ANT. Encampment, retreat, abode, settlement. t 162 ] ind] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ind Indebted. Owing, obliged, be- holden, under obligation. ANT. Disobliged, unbeholden. Indeed. Truly, really, verily, positively, absolutely, in fact, veritably, certainly, in truth; strictly, in point of fact. ANT. By no means, not at all. Indefatigable. Unwearied, un- tiring, persevering, persistent, assiduous, sedulous, unremit- ting, never -tiring, unflagging; incessant, indomitable. ANT. Idle, indifferent, indo- lent. Indelible. Ineffaceable, inde- structible, ingrained, indefeas- ible, irreversible, persistent. ANT. Mutable, evanescent, transient, effaceable. Indemnify. Secure, save; com- pensate, remunerate, reimburse, requite; satisfy. ANT. Fine, mulct, amerce. Indicate. Show, denote, mark, betoken, signify, point out, des- ignate, specify ; evidence, evince, betray, manifest, declare. ANT. Conceal, misdirect, fal- sify, misindicate, negative, con- tradict. Indication. Indicating sign, mark, note, index, symptom, token, hint, suggestion, mani- festation; evidence, demonstra- tion, proof, prognostic. ANT. Silence, surmise, mis- direction, undemonstrativeness, misguidance, misindication. Indictment. Indicting, present- ment; accusation, charge, im- peachment, arraignment, crim- ination. Indifference. Neutrality, im- partiality, disinterestedness ; unconcern, apathy, coolness, negligence, carelessness, inat- tention, heedlessness ; trivial- ity, insignificance, unimpor- tance; inferiority; insensibil- ity, composure. ANT. Importance, interest, significance, weight, gravity, af- fection, ardor, eagerness. Indifferent. Neutral, unbiased, impartial, disinterested; cool, unconcerned, unmoved, cold, in- attentive, apathetic, dead, re- gardless, heedless, unmindful ; equal, all the same, all one, just the same; passable, toler- able, ordinary, middling, me- diocre, rather poor; lukewarm, careless. ANT. Anxious, careful, sus- ceptible, sympathetic, sensitive. Indigent. Poor, needy, desti- tute, necessitous, reduced, pen- niless, moneyless, distressed, in- solvent, in want; impecunious, straitened. ANT. Wealthy, moneyed, rich, affluent, opulent. Indignation. Resentment, anger, ire, wrath, fury, rage, exasper- ation, choler ; denunciation, dis- pleasure, protestation. ANT. Gratification, admira- tion, approval, applause, com- placency. Indignity. Insult, outrage, af- front, slight, dishonor, abuse, disrespect, contumely, reproach, opprobrium, obloquy; rude- ness, contemptuousness, igno- miny, disgrace. ANT. Deference, compliment, honor, respect. Indiscriminate. Undistinguish- ing, undiscriminating; mixed, confused, mingled, promiscuous, indistinguishable ; ill-assorted, undiscerning. ANT. Careful, sorted, select, discerning, Indisposed. Averse, disinclined, unwilling, reluctant, backward, loath; ill, ailing, sick. ANT. Prompt, willing, eager, [ 163 ] ind] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [in- desirous, inclined; healthful, sound. Indite. Compose, write, dictate, pen ; prompt, suggest, word, de- scribe, phrase. ANT. Transcribe, copy, imi- tate, duplicate. Individual, n. Person, person- age, character, some one; unit, single instance; personality. ANT. Species, genus, family, kind. Individual, a. Particular, spe- cial, separate, single, unique, one; peculiar, personal; posi- tive, decided, unconventional, independent, specific, indivis- ible, singular, identical, idio- syncratic. ANT. General, common, col- lective, plural, universal. Individuality. Personality, dis- tinct existence; character, de- cision, self-direction, original- ity, self-determination, unique- ness. ANT. Generality, mediocrity. Indolence. Laziness, sloth, in- ertness, idleness, sluggishness, slothfulness. ANT. Activity, energy. Indomitable. Unyielding, un- conquerable, invincible; untam- able, irrepressible, indefati- gable. ANT. Effortless, feeble, lan- guid. Indorse. Superscribe; sanction, approve, vouch for, confirm, ratify; accept. ANT. Protest, repudiate, re- nounce, abjure, cancel. Induce. Influence, impel, move, prompt, instigate, persuade, ac- tuate, urge, incite, spur, pre- vail upon; cause, produce, ef- fect, bring on. ANT. Prevent, disincline, dis- suade, deter, hinder, restrain. Induction, introduction, instal- lation, inauguration, institu- tion; conclusion, inference, gen* eralization, inductive method | collection, collation, applica- tion. ANT. Statement, hypothesis; deduction; subtraction; prin- ciple, class, law, proposition, argumentation, discourse. Indulge. Gratify, yield, sat- isfy ; humor, pamper, favor ; al- low, permit, suffer, cherish, fos- ter, harbor ; spoil, revel, grovel. ANT. Thwart, deny, disap- point, discard, contradict, re- nounce, counteract, mortify, ab- jure, discipline. Indulgence. Gratification, hu- moring, pampering; leniency, kindness, tenderness, favor, lib- erality. ANT. Abstinence, self-sacri- fice, repression, restraint. Indulgent. Yielding, compli- ant; lenient, mild, clement, tolerant, gentle, kind, tender, forbearing. ANT. Harsh, severe, rough, austere, self-controlled, absti- nent. Industrious. Diligent, active, busy, assiduous, engaged, em- ployed, sedulous, occupied, la- borious, hard-working; brisk, persistent, persevering. ANT. Lazy, shiftless, idle. Industry. Diligence, labor, ap- plication, assiduity, attention, constancy, exertion, intentness, patience, perseverance, persis- tence, sedulousness, pains, ef- fort, activity, toil. ANT. Idleness, inattention, neglect, negligence, sloth, re- missness, changeableness, in- dolence, inconstancy, inactiv- ity, fickleness, ease, indiligence. Ineffable. Unspeakable, inde- scribable, inexpressible, unut- terable ; inconceivable, unsur- f 164 ] ine] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [inf passable, undeclarable, exqui- site, perfect. ANT. Common, trivial, su- perficial, vulgar, commonplace, conversational, colloquial, ob- vious. Inert. Inactive, lifeless, dead, passive, motionless; dull, indo- lent, torpid, lazy, idle, supine, sluggish, slothful; heavy, dor- mant. ANT. Active, alert, brisk, energetic, quick, vigorous. Inevitable. Necessary, unavoid- able, infallible, certain, fixed, irresistible. ANT. Uncertain, avoidable, indeterminate. Infamy. Dishonor, shame, dis- grace, discredit, ignominy, op- probrium, scandal, obloquy, abasement; villainy, disgrace- fulness, wickedness, atrocity, shamef ulness ; despair, degra- dation. ANT. Honor, reputation, re- nown, glory, celebrity. Infantile. Young, childish, ten- der; babyish, weak; childlike, babylike; puerile, imbecile. ANT. Manly, vigorous, ma- ture, robust. Infatuation. Folly, stupefac- tion, foolishness, prepossession, obsession ; fatuity, hallucina- tion, madness, self-deception. ANT. Sagacity, soundness, wisdom, sanity, clear-sighted- ness. Infection. Contagion; contami- nation, taint, bane, pest, poi- son, corruption, defilement, vi- tiation, pollution. ANT. Purification, disinfec- tion, antidote, antisepsis. Infectious. Contagious, catch- ing, pestilential, pestiferous; contaminating, corrupting, de- filing, polluting, poisoning, vi- tiating. [ 1 ANT. Wholesome, sanative, beneficial, antiseptic. Infer. Deduce, conclude, gather, collect, consider probable; de- rive, argue. ANT. State, enunciate, as- sume, guess, conjecture, pro- pound, anticipate, prognosti- cate. Inference. Conclusion, deduc- tion, corollary, consequence ; generalization, induction. ANT. Statement, proposi- tion, enunciation. Inferiority. Subordination; de- ficiency, imperfection, minor- ity, poverty, subjection, servi- tude, depression ; mediocrity. ANT. Superiority, eminence, excellence, majority, elevation, independence, mastery, exalta- tion. Infernal. Hellish ; diabolical, devilish, fiendish, demoniacal, satanic, atrocious, nefarious, dark, accursed, abominable. ANT. Angelic, cherubic. Infest. Throng, overrun, beset, swarm in; disturb, plague, an- noy, tease, harass, trouble, mo- lest, torment, worry, pester. ANT. Comfort, refresh, re- gale, gratify. Infidel. Unbeliever, disbeliever, atheist, denier, freethinker, de- ist, skeptic, heretic. ANT. Believer, pietist, devo- tee, Christian. Infidelity. Unbelief, disbelief, skepticism ; faithlessness, un- faithfulness, disloyalty. ANT. Fidelity, belief, faith, religiousness, credulity, credu- lousness; faithfulness, loy- alty. Infinite. Absolute, illimitable, limitless, boundless, intermi- nable, eternal, unlimited, un- measured, measureless, unfath- omable, unconditioned, num- inf] SYNONYMS 'AND ANTONYMS [inf berless, unbounded, immeasur- able, innumerable, countless. ANT. Brief, bounded, rela- tive, short, limited, finite, re- stricted, transient, transitory, small, little, evanescent, cir- cumscribed, measurable, mod- erate, narrow, shallow; infini- tesimal. Infinitesimal. Minute, atomic, microscopic, inappreciable, in- conspicuous, undiscernible, in- finitely small. ANT. Enormous, vast, infi- nite, immeasurable. Infinitude, Infinity. Bound- lessness, vastness, immensity ; infiniteness ; eternity, absolute- ness, self-determination, self- existence. ANT. Relativity. Infirm. Weak, feeble, frail, de- bilitated, enfeebled, weakened; faltering, wavering, irresolute, vacillating; unsound, unstable, insecure; decrepit, lame, fail- ing, impotent. ANT. Sound, forcible, firm, strong, sure, cogent, healthy, healthful. Infirmity. Weakness, decrepi- tude, debility, feebleness, frail- ness, frailty; foible, fault, fail- ing, defect; disease, malady, uusoundness. ANT. Strength, vigor, un- healthfulness, soundness. Inflame. Excite, stimulate, in- cite, enkindle, rouse, animate, inspirit, work up, fire; irri- tate, exasperate, anger, nettle, provoke, enrage, incense, mad- den, infuriate; fan, embitter. ANT. Quench, extinguish, allay, cool, pacify, quiet. Inflate. Distend, expand, swell, bloat, blow up; puff up, make conceited; increase, enlarge. ANT. Exhaust, empty, fiat- ten, squeeze, compress. Inflated. Distended, swollen, bloated; tumid, turgid, bom- bastic, st-ilted, declamatory, rhetorical, sophomorical, high- flown; pompous. ANT. Simple, plain, unaf- fected, concise, laconic, explicit, brief. Inflection. Bend, bending, cur- vature, flexure, crook; varia- tion, declension, conjugation, comparison; flexion. ANT. Straightness, direct- ness, rectilinearity. Inflict. Impose, lay on, put on; afflict. ANT. Spare, remove, allevi- ate, suspend. Infliction. Imposition, inflict- ing; punishment, judgment; grievance, trouble, nuisance. ANT. Remission, sparing; pleasure, gratification; accom- modation, condoning. Influence, n. Authority, ascend- ency, control, predominance, sway; reputation, weight of character, credit; influx, in- flow; effect, causation, impulse, affection, power, weight, pres- tige. ANT. Inefficiency, ineffec- tiveness, inefficacy, nullity, in- operativeness, neutrality. Influence, v. Induce, incite, in- cline, persuade, move, stir, ac- tuate, sway, compel, urge, in- stigate, prompt, lead, impel, ex- cite, drive, draw, direct, bias. ANT. Prevent, restrain, re- tard, deter, discourage, impede, inhibit, hinder, dissuade. Influential. Potent, poAverful, controlling; efficacious, persua- sive, forcible, guiding, consid- erable ; authoritative. ANT. Weak, ineffective, in. operative, inconsiderable, un- persuasive. Inform. Quicken, animate, in- [ 166 ] inf] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ini spire; acquaint, apprise, men- tion to, notify, advise, tell; ed- ucate, enlighten, instruct, im- part, communicate. ANT. Misinstruct, misjudge, deceive, hoodwink, misinform, mystify. Information. Advice, notice, intelligence; knowledge; accu- sation, complaint, denuncia- tion; instruction, counsel, no- tification. ANT. Concealment, mysti- fication, ignorance, occultation. Infringe. Transgress, violate, break, disobey, nullify. ANT. Preserve, observe, con- serve, maintain. Infuse. Instil, inspire, intro- duce, inculcate, implant, dif- fuse, shed, steep, soak, water, infiltrate, insinuate, breathe into. ANT. Strain, dry, drain, di- vert, retract. Ingenious. Inventive, gifted, able, clever, bright, ready, sa- gacious, adept, skilful. ANT. Unskilful, uninven- tive, slow, unready, unresource- ful, unprepared, unapt. Ingenuity. Inventiveness, in- geniousness, acuteness, skill, ability, readiness, faculty, ap- titude, cunning, turn, gift, ge- niug. ANT. Inability, ineptitude, clumsiness. Ingenuous. Artless, open, can- did, frank, sincere, straight- forward, honest, transparent, guileless, truthful, childlike, naive, noble, generous, honor- able. ANT. Mean, reserved, sly, insincere, disingenuous. Ingratiate. Commend one's self into favor, insinuate, recom- mend. ANT. Alienate, estrange. Ingredient. Element, compo- nent, constituent. ANT. Refuse, residuum, in- congruity, counteragmt. Inherent. Sticking fast, adher- ing; essential, immanent, in- born, inbred, native, natural, subjective, innate, intrinsic, in- hering, congenital, indispen- sable, indwelling, infixed, inter- nal, ingrained, inseparable, in- wrought. ANT. Extrinsic, superficial, fortuitous, casual, accidental, external, outward, superfluous, transient, unconnected, supple- mental, incidental, subsidiary, superadded; foreign, extrane- ous, separable, temporary. Inherit. Get as legacy; occupy, possess, enjoy. ANT. Acquire, earn, gain, squander, bequeath, leave, de- mise, devise; dissipate, alien- ate. Inheritance. Inheriting; her- itage, patrimony; bequest, pos- session, legacy. ANT. Acquisition, purchase, donation; forfeiture, lapse; es- cheatment, alienation. Inheritor. Heir, successor, lega- tee, devisee. ANT. Testator, devisor. Inimical. Antagonistic, hostile, unfriendly ; adverse, opposed, contrary, repugnant, noxious, pernicious, hurtful, harmful. ANT. Friendly, companion- able, comradely; unanimous, agreeable, beneficial. Iniquity. Injustice, wickedness, sin, unrighteousness; crime, of- fense, misdeed, grievance, evil- doing. ANT. Justice, integrity, vir- tue, holiness, honesty, upright- ness. Initiation. Introduction, en- trance, admission; instruction; 167 ] ini] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS opening, beginning, inaugura- tion, commencement. ANT. Termination, comple- tion, finish, fulfilment, out- come. Initiative. Commencement, be- ginning; power to originate or begin; start, leadersnip, ex- ample. ANT. Termination, wake, rear; prosecution, progress, per- severance, accomplishment. Injunction. Command, order, mandate, precept, exhortation. ANT. Disobedience, non-ob- servance, non-compliance, in- subordination. Injure. Maltreat, wrong, abuse ; harm, damage, spoil, mar, dis- figure, wound, cripple, sully. ANT. Benefit, profit, advan- tage, advance, repair. Injurious. Wrong, unjust, ini- quitous; hurtful, detrimental, pernicious, deleterious, noxious, deadly, mischievous, baneful, fatal, destructive, damaging, ruinous, disadvantageous; li- belous, slanderous; prejudicial. ANT. Helpful, advantageous, beneficial, salutary, profitable. Injury. Blemish, damage, evil, disadvantage, detriment, hurt, loss, wrone active, go, change, run. Life. Being, soul, spirit; af- fairs; animation, vivacity, en- ergy» vig°ri living being; bi- ography. ANT. Death, mortality, de- cease, lifelessness, annihilation, nonexistence ; lethargy, coma, stupor; demise, departure, dis- solution. Lift, v. Raise, elevate; exalt, improve; steal. ANT. Lower, sink, depress, let descend; reduce, degrade, humble; crush, overwhelm; hurl, dash, fling, throw. Ligament. Bandage, bond, con- nection, ligature, strap, girth, band, brace, tie ; tying, bind- ing. ANT. Fracture, disconnection, dislocation, disruption, sever- ance, laceration, splinter, rup- ture, break. Light, n. Gleam, shine, glitter, flame, blaze, illumination, in- candescence, glow, flash, flare, sparkle, twinkle, flicker, glare, glimmer, glistening, sheen, lus- ter, shimmer, shining, scintil- lation, day; open view, public- ity; enlightenment, knowledge, information ; prosperity, joy, happiness, felicity. ANT. Dark, gloom, dark- ness, dimness, blackness, dusk, shade, shadow, gloominess, ob- scurity; extinction, night, tene- broaity, death; confusion, mya+ [ 187 ] lig] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lin tification, ignorance, misunder- standing, illiteracy, blindness, nescience. Light, a. Bright, clear, white; umveighty, imponderable, port- able, easy, volatile, insubstan- tial, buoyant; small, trifling, inconsiderable, moderate, insig- nificant; porous, spongy; un- steady, fickle, frivolous, un- settled; empty, slight, vain, ca- pricious, thoughtless. ANT. Weighty, ponderous, oppressive, grievous, burden- some; onerous, difficult, labori- ous, hard; dejected, depressed, despondent; dull, inert, inac- tive. Like, v. Be pleased with, ap- prove, enjoy, love, relish, es- teem, fancy, affect. ANT. Dislike, hate, loathe, detest, abhor, abominate. Like, a. Resembling, similar; equal; probable, likely; dis- posed to, inclined toward; cor- respondent. ANT. Different, dissimilar, counterpart; improbable, un- likely; disinclined, indisposed. Likelihood. Probability, sem- blance, appearance, verisimili- tude. ANT. Improbability, incon- ceivability, impossibility, un- likelihood; distinction, differ- ence, uncertainty, contrariety; inconsistency. Likely. Probable, presumable, reasonable, apt, credible, con- ceivable, conjectural. ANT. Unlikely, doubtful, in- credible, dubious, improbable, questionable, unreasonable. Likeness. Resemblance, simi- larity; guise; portrait, simili- tude, correspondence, copy, im- itation, image, representation, •ffigy, picture. ANT. Unlikeness, disparity, dissimilarity, inequality; inal. Likewise. Also, moreover, too, besides. ANT. Otherwise. Liking. Inclination, pleasure, desire, preference, approval, af- fection, fondness, taste, parti- ality. ANT. Dislike, disrelish, ab- horrence, hatred, loathing, re- pugnance, aversion. Limit. Boundary, termination, restriction, confine, enclosure, border. ANT. Expanse, space, inte- rior, center, tract, land; void. Limitless. Boundless, illimi- table, immeasurable, vast, im- mense, infinite, interminable, unrestricted, unhindered, tun- obstructed. ANT. Bounded, limited, re- stricted, circumscribed, defined, restrained, hindered, prevented, hampered, obstructed, condi- tioned. Limpid. Clear, transparent, lu- cid, pellucid, pure, translucent, bright, crystal. ANT. Turbid, foul, muddy, opaque, dark, black. Line, n. Thread, cord, hawser, rope; boundary, contour, out- line; family, race; track, rail- road, course, method; continu- ity, sequence, succession. ANT. Breadth, icidth; ex- panse, space, deviation, diver- gency, variation; discontinu- ance. Lineage. Ancestry, family, de- scendants, house, breed, race, descent, progeny. ANT. Ancestor, source, an- cestry, origin, founder, progen- itor. Lineament. Profile, form, fea- ture, mark, outline. ANT. Face, aspect, counte- t 188 ] lin] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [liv nance, visage, front, expres- sion. Linear. Direct, straight, recti- linear, lineal. ANT. Zigzag, wandering, di- vergent, crooked, hooked, in- curvate. Linger. Lag, saunter, tarry, de- lay, halt, stop, hesitate, wait, pause. ANT. Hasten, speed, push on, go, press forward, advance, progress. Liquid, a. Fluid, flowing, flu- ent, running, melting, liques- cent; mellifluous, soft, limpid, clear. ANT. Solid, hard, congealed, insoluble, solidified, concrete; harsh, discordant. List. Roll, catalogue, schedule, inventory, record, register, in- dex. ANT. Non-registration. Listen. Harken, hear, attend, hark, heed, list. ANT. Ignore, scorn, neglect, slight, be deaf to. Listless. Indifferent, spiritless, heedless, careless, languid, un- interested ; indolent, vacant, su- pine, torpid. ANT. Interested, eager, ear- nest, spirited, careful, heedful, thoughtful, alert, attentive, ab- sorbed, curious, engaged, ac- tive. Literal. Unimaginative, matter- of-fact; real; accurate, correct, exact, grammatical, positive, verbal, close, plain, actual; word by word, specific. ANT. General, free, liberal, metaphorical. Literary. Learned, bookish, lit- erate, lettered, erudite, schol- arly, well-read, studious, in- structed, educated. ANT. Illiterate, unlettered, unscholarly. Literature. Books, literary pro- ductions or works, publications, writings, belles-lettres; study, lore, reading, scholarship, at- tainment ; inspiration, genius, intuition, the divine afflatus; science, learning, letters, eru- dition. Lithe. Pliant, flexible, limber, supple, elastic, agile, flexile. ANT. Stiff, tough, inelastic, inflexible, unresponsive, hard, resistant. Litter. Clutter, disorder, unti- diness, rubbish. ANT. Order, cleanliness, ar- rangement, tidiness, system, method. Little. Small, diminutive; insig- nificant, contemptible; short, brief; inefficient, weak, slight; narrow, mean, illiberal ; pigmy, scanty, unimportant, inconsid- erable, trivial, petty, paltry, dwarf, puny. ANT. Great, big, large, huge, monstrous, enormous, long, de- veloped, bulky, full; important, momentous, grave, serious, con- siderable, significant; colossal. Live, v. Have life; abide, dwell, reside; survive, remain, last; enjoy; feed, subsist; vegetate, grow, continue, behave, act, ex- ist, breathe. ANT. Die, perish, depart, decay, wither, fade, vanish, fail, demise, drop, languish, expire, decline, faint, sink, fall. Live, a. Alive, living, active, vigorous, earnest, energetic, an- imate. ANT. Defunct, inanimate, dead, moribund, deceased, de- parted, gone. Livelihood. Support, mainte- nance, sustenance, subsistence; substance, living. ANT. Beggary, want, starva- tion, penury, inanition. [ 189 ] liv] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [loa Liveliness. Sprightliness, ani- mation, gaiety, vivacity, smart- ness, briskness, activity. ANT. Sloicness, torpor, stu- pidity, dulness, insensibility, listlessness, languor, inertness. Lively. Quick, nimble, smart, active, alert, sprightly, brisk, animated, prompt, earnest, en- ergetic, strong, vivacious, glee- ful, blithe, airy, gay, jocund, keen, eager, vivid, spirited, vig- orous. ANT. Lifeless, dull, torpid, inanimate, inert, insensate, list- less, languid, indifferent. Livery. Release, deliverance ; clothing, food, uniform, pecu- liar garb; ration, boarding ; de- pendence, servitude, badge, ret- inue. Living, n. Subsistence, estate, existence. ANT. Want, starvation, pri- vation, beggary, dearth, insuffi- ciency, paucity, poverty, indi- gence. Living, a. Active, lively, vigor- ous; issuing, flowing; quicken- ing, invigorating; burning, ig- nited; vegetating, growing. ANT. Dead, perishable, de- caying, perishing, departed, in- animate, vanishing, deceased, defunct, withered. Load. Burden, charge, weight, pack, lading, incubus, clog, en- cumbrance, cargo, freight, drag, oppression, pressure. ANT. Support, solace, alle- viation, lightness, refreshment, emptiness. Loan, n. Advance, mortgage, hy- pothecation. ANT. Foreclosure, recall, re- sumption. Loath, o. Averse, unwilling, re- luctant; backward, indisposed, disinclined. ANT. Eager, ardent, zealous, enthusiastic, ananous, desirous, impatient, impetuous, earnest, forward, fervent. Loathe, v. Abominate, execrate, abhor, dislike, detest, hate. ANT. Desire, like, long for, love. Locality. Position, location; town, village, city; situation, place, habitat. Locate. Place, set; designate, define; establish, settle, lodge, fix, dispose. ANT. Remove, leave, dises- tablish, dislodge, displace. Lock, n. Clasp, catch, bar, bolt, fastening, hasp, hook, latch. Locomotion. Movement, travel, passage, migration. ANT. Rest, abode, stoppage, remanence, fixture, stationari- ness, permanence. Lodge, v. Rest, remain, shelter, stay, abide, stop. ANT. Remove, travel, pass on, go, move, journey. Lofty. Tall, sublime, exalted, dignified, stately, majestic, sub- lime, proud, haughty, elevated, towering, high, eminent. ANT. Low, stunted, ordi- nary, unimposing, unassuming, undignified, depressed. Logical. Dialectical, reasonable, coherent, consistent, sound, ar- gumentative, close, discriminat- ing. ANT. Illogical, unsound, in- consistent, unreasonable, inco- herent, undiscriminating, falla- cious, inconclusive. Lonely, Lonesome. Forlorn, for- saken, dreary, wild, desolate, secluded, solitary, depressed, alone, retired. ANT. Frequented, populous, companioned; cheerful, festive, gay, bustling, animated. Long-, a. Drawn out, protracted, extended; continued; linger- [ 190 ] loo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [low ing; distant, far away; exten- sive, far-reaching. ANT. Short, brief, curtailed, contracted, abbreviated, con- densed, concise. Look, n. Appearance, aspect; manner; glance, sight, view. Look, v. Behold, see, stare, scan, contemplate, view, glance, de- scry, watch, discern, gaze, re- gard,.inspect, survey; consider; seem, appear; face, front, take notice; expect, anticipate. ANT. Be blind or unseeing; overlook, miss, pass, neglect. Loose, a. Unbound, untied, free, unattached, unfastened, un- constrained ; vague ; liberal, un- chaste, dissolute; unconnected, rambling; lax; detached, flow- ing, scattered, sparse; inexact. ANT. Tight, close; bound, tied, fastened, secured; thick, compact, dense; accurate, exact, strict, logical, scientific; consci- entious, self-controlled, firm, rigorous. Loquacity. Garrulity, talkative- ness. ANT. Taciturnity, silence, u n responsiv cncss. Lordly. Imperious, noble, honor- able ; proud, haughty, lofty, ma- jestic, magnificent. ANT. Humble, mean, servile, ignoble, lowly, meek, dishonor- able, abject. Lordship, n. Manor; dominion, power, authority; rule, juris- diction. ANT. Subjection, subordina- tion, homage, submission, sub- servience. Lore. Knowledge ; instruction, wisdom, advice, counsel. ANT. Ignorance, illiteracy, inexperience, folly, imprudence. Lose. Part with, deprive of ; de- stroy, waste, squander, wander, miss, ruin ; fail of. ANT. Keep, retain, hold, ob- tain, grasp, recover, preserve, treasure, hoard, save, husband, economize, guard, utilize. Loss. Failure, destruction, pri- vation; defect, harm; watte; squandering, deprivation, for- feiture ; detriment, ruin, defeat, injury, damage, disadvantage. ANT. Restoration, recovery, reimbursement, retention, pres- ervation, hoarding, guarding; utilization; gain, aggrandize- ment, augmentation, advantage, acquisition, profit, benefit, in- crement, earnings. Lot. Chance, accident, fate, for- tune, hazard; destiny, doom, allotment, apportionment; por- tion, division, part, parcel, land. ANT. Law, arrangement, de- sign, purpose, plan, prearrange- ment. Loud. Noisy; clamorous, boister- ous, vociferous ; obstreperous, turbulent, blustering; ostenta- tious, gaudy. ANT. Gentle, subdued, soft, quiet, silent, inaudible; whis- pering, murmuring; rustling. Love, n. Friendship, liking, ten- derness, regard, fondness, devo- tion, affection, attachment, at- traction, charity, courtship ; good will ; kindness, delight, in- clination ; benevolence. ANT. Antipathy, hatred, en- mity; alienation, dislike, dis- affection, estrangement, bitter- ness, coldness, repugnance, infi- delity; desertion. Lovely. Beautiful, charming, de- lightful, delectable, enchanting, lovable, amiable ; pleasing, win- ning, sweet, admirable. ANT. Hateful, hideous, ugly, homely, unattractive, unlovely, plain, gawky, unamiable, unlov- able. Low. Sunken ; quiet ; small ; sub- [ 191 ] low] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS missive, humble; mean, vulgar, base, ignoble, dishonorable ; moderate; feeble, weak; plain, simple; reasonable, cheap, ab- ject, servile, slavish, degraded, vile, groveling; deep; reverent; dejected, depressed, dispirited. ANT. High, tall, lofty, ele- vated, exalted; eminent, noble, illustrious, rising, strong, in- fluential; honorable; elabo- rate, ornate; notable; costly, expensive, precious, dear; arro- gant, haughty, proud, masterly, lordly; high, loud, violent; ir- reverent, sacrilegious, blatant; elated, excited; intensified. Xower, v. Depress, sink, reduce, diminish, humble; let down, drop; degrade, disgrace, de- — base; lessen. ANT. Raise, exalt, elevate, hoist; increase, aggrandize, Lower, a. Inferior. ANT. Higher, superior, more influential. Lowering. Gloomy, threaten- ing, sullen; cloudy, overcast, murky, dark. ANT. Clear, bright, light; vaporless. Lowly. Low, humble, unimpor- tant, meek, modest; mean, un- pretending, mild. ANT. Lofty, eminent, proud, arrogant, lordly, haughty, ele- vated; supercilious, conceited, pretentious. Loyal. Faithful, true, constant, ,. devoted, staunch, trusty, obe- dient, submissive. ANT. Inconstant, untrue, traitorous, mutinous, seditious, insurgent, insubmissive, rebel- lious, disobedient, unfaithful, disaffected, dastardly. Loyalty. Allegiance, fidelity, fealty, faithfulness, constancy. ANT. Treason, treachery, un- faithfulness, disloyalty; sedi- tion, rebellion, inconstancy, in- surrection. Lucid. Luminous, transparent, sane, reasonable; shining, re- splendent, bright; clear; radi- ant, brilliant; limpid, lucent; distinct, intelligible, perspicu- ous, sober, sound. ANT. Dark, opaque, muddy, black, somber, turbid, obscure; indistinct, unintelligible, mys- tifying, insane, unsound, con- fused, involved; illegible. Luck. Chance, hap, fate, for- tune, hazard, casualty, acci- dent; success, good fortune. ANT. Rule, law, causation, purpose, design, certainty; fate. Luckless. Unfortunate, unsuc- cessful, unlucky, ill-fated, un- prosperous, ill-starred, unpro- pitious, unhappy. Lucky. Fortunate, successful, auspicious, prosperous, happy, favored, blessed. Lucrative. Profitable, gainful, paying, remunerative. ANT. Disadvantageous, un- remunerative, unprofitable, use- less, fruitless, vain, unproduc- tive. Lucre. Gain, profit, riches, pelf, emolument, greed, mammon. ANT. Loss, poverty, failure, privation. Lucubration. Nocturnal study, meditation, speculation, cogi- tation. ANT. Idleness, dulness, stu- pidity, torpor, vacuity. Ludicrous. Laughable, comic, burlesque, droll, sportive, ri- diculous, comical, odd, funny, farcical, absurd. ANT. Grave, serious, impor- tant, momentous; sad, sorrow- ful, melancholy, tragic, mourn- ful, lugubrious. Lugubrious. Mournful, woful, [ 192 ] ltd] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lux pitiable, doleful, sad, sorrow- ful, melancholy, complaining. ANT. Ludicrous, droll, ridicu- lous, comic, witty, jovial, ab- surd, funny, laughable, comical. Lull, v. Compose, calm, quiet, soothe, hush, tranquilize, still. ANT. Excite, aggravate, in- cite, stimulate, exasperate, pro- voke, inflame. Luminous. Shining, brilliant, bright; illuminated; enlight- ened, intelligent, clear, intel- ligible. ANT. Dark, black, gloomy; unintelligible, unintelligent, in- volved, mixed, confused. Lunacy. Derangement, mania, craziness, insanity, madness, aberration. ANT. Sanity, intellect, rea- son, rationality, lucidity, in- telligence, brains; mind; self- control. Lunatic, n. Insane person, ma- niac, madman. ANT. Philosopher, sage, lu- minary, savant, scholar, scien- tist, intellectual person. Lunatic, a. Insane, mad, crazy, cracked, deranged. ANT. Sane, rational, intelli- gent, reasonable, reasoning, in- tellectual, knowing, sound. Lure, n. Enticement, decoy; al- lurement, bait, temptation, at- traction. Lure, v. Allure, entice, decoy, tempt, attract, inveigle, se- duce. ANT. Warn, guide, alarm, premonish, ward, instruct, con- duct, guard; extricate, save. Lurid. Yellow, pale, wan, dis- mal, ghastly, gloomy, murky, lowering. ANT. Bright, luminous, ra- diant, clear. Lurk. Lie hid, lie in wait, hide, skulk. ANT. Rise, spring, emerge, appear, reveal. Luscious. Sweet, delicious, ful- some, cloying, savory, delight- ful, pleasing, grateful; sugary, honeyed; rank, nauseous, unc- tuous. ANT. Sour, sharp, tart, bit- ter, pungent, acid. Luster. Brilliancy, brightness, splendor, glitter; renown, dis- tinction, glory; gleam, radi- ance, resplendence; eminence, repute, celebrity, honor. ANT. Darkness, tenebrosity, blackness, gloom, obscuration; detraction, derogation, infamy, disrepute, dishonor, notoriety. Lustration. Washing, purifica- tion, cleansing; lustrum. ANT. Defilement, contami- nation, infection, desecration; soiling, pollution. Lustrous. Bright, shiny, gleam- ing, luminous, brilliant, radi- ant. ANT. Dark, black, gloomy. Lusty. Stout, strong, vigorous, robust, healthful, able, lively, sturdy; bulky, large, fat. ANT. Weak, infirm, feeble, incapable, ailing, effete, list- less, invalid, powerless, conva- lescent. Luxuriant. Exuberant, exces- sive, rank, abundant, profuse, plentiful, plenteous. ANT. Delicate, frail, scanty, scarce, feeble. Luxuriate. Grow exuberantly, feed luxuriously; flourish, in- dulge; revel, wanton; delight, indulge to excess. ANT. Toil, slave, drudge, la- bor, work; pine, waste, droop, decay, languish. Luxurious. Voluptuous, epicu- rean, sensual, intemperate, ef- feminate, self-indulgent. ANT. Austere, ascetic, hard. [ 103 ] lux] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mag- painful, self-denying, self-con- trolled, temperate, restrained, restricted. Luxury. Voluptuousness, epi- curism, effeminacy, sensuality; dainty, delicacy, gratification; pleasure, enjoyment, delight; treat, animalism. ANT. Stoicism, asceticismt self-denial, austerity, hardship; spirituality. Lying, a. False, mendacious, un- truthful, untrue ; recumbent. ANT. Truthful, true, vera- cious, upright, honest, accurate, exact; erect. M Macerate. Weaken, soften; at- tenuate, make lean, waste, wear away ; harass, mortify, torture ; steep, soak, digest. ANT. Fatten, replenish, re- pair, pamper, swell. Machinate. Plan, contrive, de- vise, plot, scheme, harm. ANT. Think aloud, speak out, lie artless; counterplot, compete; expose, defeat, baffle. Machination. Plot, conspiracy, intrigue, cabal, stratagem, de- sign, trick, artifice, contrivance, scheme. ANT. Detection, counter-ac- tion, overthrow, baffling, defeat, exposure, defiance, challenge; conflict, competition. Machine. Engine, instrument; tool, puppet; organization, ma- chinery, system, supernatural agency. Maculate, a. Blotched, defiled, impure, spotted, blurred, cor- rupt, unclean, mottled. ANT. Unspotted, spotless, speckless, pure, clean, immacu- late. Mad. Crazy, insane; excited, in- flamed, furious, rabid, angry; distracted, lunatic, delirious, crazed, deranged, demented, ma- niac; enraged, raging; exasper- ated, provoked, incensed, wrath- ful; wild, infatuated; frenzied, frantic, raving. ANT. Sane, sound, sensible^ quiet, composed, sober, unex~ cited. Madden. Make mad, enrage ; ir- ritate, provoke, inflame, infuri- ate. ANT. Calm, pacify, assuage, mesmerize; heal, soothe, re- store. Madness. Insanity, craziness, derangement, mania, aberra- tion; frenzy, fury, rage, delir- ium. ANT. Sanity, calmness, ra- tionality, soberness, reason. Magazine. Warehouse, recep- tacle, storehouse, depository, re- pository; periodical. Magic. Sorcery, witchcraft, con- juration, necromancy, enchant- ment, incantation; fascination, witchery, charm. Magisterial. Stately, pompous, august, lordly, dignified, lofty, official, imperious, proud, dom- ineering, haughty, despotic, ar- rogant, dogmatical ; dictatorial, consequential, imposing, au- thoritative. ANT. Submissive, docile, un- dignified, unimposing, unas- suming, modest. Magistrate. Judge; civil or po- lice officer, chief official. ANT. Citizen, prisoner, civil- ian, subject. Magnanimity. Generosity, dis- [ 194 ] mag] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [maj interestedness, greatness, hero- ism, nobleness, forbearance. ANT. Meanness, pettiness, paltriness, spitefulness, spleen. Magnanimous. Great, elevated, generous, lofty, noble, coura- geous; brave, dauntless, heroic, illustrious; unselfish, exalted, chivalrous, high-minded, honor- able. ANT. Mean, small, ignoble, base, selfish, cowardly, cring- ing; mediocre; parsimonious, carping. Magnificent. Glorious, grand, majestic, splendid, admirable, superb, sublime; imposing, gor- geous, stately, showy; august, dignified. ANT. Petty, mean, paltry, little, flat, beggarly, ordinary, small-minded, tawdry, unim- posing, tame. Magnify. Enlarge, augment, in- crease, amplify; laud, extol; exaggerate; celebrate, glorify, bless, praise. ANT. Diminish, curtail, con- tract, palliate, extenuate, de- cry. Magniloquent. Pompous, gran- diloquent, bombastic, declama- tory, stilted, high-flown, turgid, inflated, boastful. ANT. Simple, vernacular, un- affected, plain-spoken. Magnitude. Extent, size; gran- deur, greatness ; importance ; volume, dimension, mass; con- sequence; sublimity, loftiness. A XT. Smallness, diminutive- ness, littleness, meagerness; in- significance, meanness, unim- portance. Maid. Maiden, girl, damsel, vir- gin, lass. ANT. Matron, married woman. Maim. Disable, cripple, mangle, mar, mutilate, disfigure, lame. ANT. Restore, strengthen, invigorate, mend. Main, a. Bulk, majority, body, principal, trunk, chief, leading, most important, first, cardinal, capital; necessary, vital, essen- tial, indispensable, requisite; huge, enormous; absolute, en- tire, mere, direct. ANT. Subordinate, non-es- sential, auxiliary, minor, tribu- tary, inferior. Main, n. Ocean, mainland, con- tinent; main conduit or pipe; force, power, might, strength; gross, majority. ANT. Bay, gulf ; island; in- ability, weakness; tributaries; minority. Mainly. Chiefly, principally; largely, greatly, mightily, ab- solutely, primarily, entirely. ANT. Secondarily, subordi- nately; partially, somewhat, slightly. Maintain. Uphold, assert, vin- dicate, allege, support, sustain ; defend, continue; supply; pro- vide; affirm. ANT. Retract, deny, with- draw; fail, turn traitor to. Maintenance. Sustenance, sup- port, vindication, defense, jus- tification, provisions, subsis- tence, livelihood. Majestic. August, sublime, mag- nificent, regal, royal, pompous, stately, dignified, elevated, im- perial, princely, grand, impos- ing. ANT. Low, humble, mean, sordid, groveling; plebeian, vul- gar, common; unassuming. Majesty. Dignity, power, au- thority, loftiness, stateliness, augustness, grandeur, eleva- tion. ANT. Meanness, paltriness; humility. Majority. Superiority, senior- [ 195 ] mak] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [man ity; eldership, priority; bulk, preponderance. ANT. Minority, inferiority, juniority. Stake. Produce, falsify; find; acquire; travel over; cause; es- teem, suppose, represent; com- pel, force; be; amount to; at- tain, reach, arrive at; manage, interfere; proceed, tend, move, go ; contribute, increase, accrue, constrain, bring about, occa- eion, require; shape, fabricate, construct, fashion, frame, man- ufacture, perform, do; become, compose, constitute, create, es- tablish, effect, execute, reach, get, render. ANT. Abolish, demolish, an- nihilate, break, disintegrate, unmake, undo; destroy, defeat, mar, disestablish, miss, lose, fail of; upset; misrepresent, mismanage; hesitate, stop; de- crease, diminish. Maker. Creator, former, manu- facturer, builder, constructor ; author, composer, writer, com- piler. ANT. Destroyer, extermina- tor, annihilator. Make up. Collect; constitute, form; reconcile, settle, adjust, compose; make good, compen- sate; supply, furnish, provide; determine. ANT. Distribute, disperse, scatter; pi; default. Mai- or Male-. A prefix denot- ing ill. For words thus com- pounded and not found here, see the synonyms and anto- nyms of the root word, from which derivatives may be read- ily chosen. Malady. Disorder, distemper, disease, sickness, ailment, ill- ness ; complaint, indisposition. ANT. Health, sanity, vigor, robustness, soundness. Malediction. Curse, cursing, execration, imprecation, denun- ciation, anathema. ANT. Benediction, blessing, praise, compliment. Malefactor. Evil-doer, culprit, felon, criminal, convict, out- law. ANT. Benefactor, hero. Malice. Spite, ill will, malevo- lence, grudge, pique, bitterness, animosity, malignity, rancor, maliciousness, virulence. ANT. Good will, benevolence, kindliness. Manacle, n. Handcuff, shackle, fetter. Manacle, «. Handcuff, shackle, fetter, bind, chain. ANT. Unbind, unfetter, un- chain. Manage. Direct, govern, con- trol, wield, order, contrive, concert, conduct, transact; ad- minister, regulate, supervise, superintend, handle, rule. ANT. Mismanage, misgov- ern, misconduct, upset, misuse, derange; let go. Manageable. Tractable, gov- ernable, controllable, tamable, docile. ANT. Unmanageable, un- tamable, uncontrollable, un- governable, difficult, impracti- cable, impossible, refractory. Management. Conduct, admin- istration, government, guid- ance, direction, care, charge, contrivance, intrigue ; skill, address ; economy, treatment, superintendence, surveillance ; negotiations, dealings, trans- actions. ANT. Misconduct, malad- ministration, mismanagement. Manager. Director, superinten- dent, supervisor, comptroller, governor, overseer, conductor; economist. [ IPO 1 man] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [man ANT. Workman, follower, workingman, employee. Mandate. Command, commis- sion, order, charge, precept, in- junction, requirement, edict. ANT. Petition, request, en- treaty, suggestion. Maneuver (Manoeuvre), ». Management ; stratagem, arti- fice, scheme, plan, trick, ruse, intrigue; evolution, movement; operation, tactics, contrivance. ANT. Countermovement, de- feat, check, bafflement, counter- action, detection, neutraliza- tion. Maneuver, v. Perform an evo- lution, move; scheme, plot, in- trigue, manage, contrive. ANT. Counteract, play up to, check, checkmate. Mangle. Cut, bruise, mutilate, lacerate, maim, hack, tear; de- stroy, mar, spoil; polish, cal- ender, smooth, press. ANT. Restore, heal. Manhood. Virility, maturity; humanity; courage, resolution, bravery, hardihood, fortitude, manliness, manfulness. ANT. "Womanhood, feminin- ity; effeminacy; coioardliness, coicardice, delicacy. Mania. Insanity, derangement, madness, lunacy, aberration, alienation, delirium, frenzy. ANT. Sanity, health, sound- ness; poise, self-control. Maniac. Lunatic, madman, in- sane, bedlamite. Manifest, a. Open, clear, evi- dent, apparent, visible, conspic- uous, plain, obvious; patent, palpable, unmistakable, dis- tinct, indubitable. ANT. Hidden, indistinct, in- conspicuous, occult, latent, ob- scure, confused, hazy, foggy. Manifest, v. Reveal, declare, evince, make known, disclose, discover, display, show, exhibit, evidence, expose. ANT. Hide, cover, conceal. Manifold. Various, duplicate, multiplied; numerous, many, multitudinous ; diverse, multi- farious; sundry. ANT. Few, rare, limited, scarce, scant; uniform, fac- simile. Mankind. Man; humanity, hu- mankind; men; society. ANT. Womankind; child- hood; divinity, deity, Heaven, God; earth, world, universe, na- ture, creation; cattle, animals, minerals, vegetables. Manly. Bold, daring, valorous, courageous, undaunted, hardy, dignified; intrepid, heroic, vig- orous, firm, noble, chivalrous; mature, masculine, manlike. ANT. Womanly, childlike; timid, womanish, childish, un- manly, boyish, weak, dastardly, cowardly; effeminate. Manner. Mode, custom, habit, deportment, fashion, air, look, mien, aspect, appearance; be- havior, conduct; method, form, style. ANT. Being, action, proceed- ing, life, work, performance, project, business. Mannerism. Characteristic, pe- culiarity, uniformity, self-repe- tition, self-consciousness, affec- tation, idiosyncrasy, specialty. ANT. Unaffectedness, sim- plicity, naturalness, character, genuineness. Mannerly. Civil, complaisant, respectful, courteous, polite, urbane, refined, well-behaved, ceremonious, well-bred. ANT. Rude, coarse, unman- nerly, rough, impolite, uncivil, boorish. Manufacture, n. Making, pro- duction, fabrication ; product, [ 197 ] man] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mar composition, construction, ma- nipulation, molding. ANT. Use, consumption, em- ployment, wear, Manumission. Release, eman- cipation, liberation, deliver- ance, enfranchisement, dismis- sal, discharge. ANT. Slavery, capture, sub- jugation; restraint, repression, coercion. Manumit. Release, liberate, en- franchise, free, emancipate. ANT. Enslave, capture, sub- jugate, enthral. Many. Frequent, manifold, di- verse, divers, sundry, numer- ous, multiplied, various, abun- dant, multifarious. ANT. Few, rare, scarce, in- frequent, scanty. Mar. Injure, mark, spoil, ruin, blemish, damage, disfigure, de- face, hurt, harm, impair, maim, deform. ANT. Make, mend, restore, improve, reinstate, enhance, re- pair, conserve. Marauder. Plunderer, robber, ravager, pillager, outlaw, ban- dit, brigand, freebooter, rover, invader. ANT. Guard, sentry, keeper, steward, ranger, outpost. Margin. Border, edge, brim, lip, rim, brink, verge, confine, limit, skirt, boundary, extremity; loophole, profit, interest, lee- way. ANT. Center, main, space; limitation, stringency, restric- tion. Marine. Naval, nautical, mari- ' time; oceanic, salt-water, pe- lagic. ANT. Terrene, fresh-water, terrestrial, land. Marital. Connubial, nuptial, hy- meneal, conjugal, wedded, mat- rimonial. ANT. Single, unwedded, celi- bate. Maritime. Marine, oceanic, nau- tical. ANT. Terrene, land. Mark, n. Impress, stamp, ves- tige, impression, imprint, track, evidence, proof, characteristic, badge, indication ; distinction, eminence, importance. ANT. Effacement, oblitera- tion, erasure, plainness. Mark, v. Remark, notice, regard, heed, show, betoken, character- ize, denote, stamp, imprint, im- press, brand; label, designate, observe, stigmatize, signalize, specify, specialize; decorate. ANT. Overlook, ignore, omit; mislabel, misindicate, mis- mark. Marked. Noted, notable, promi- nent, remarkable, eminent, dis- tinguished, conspicuous. ANT. Ordinary, mean, com* monplace, everyday, undistin- guished. Marriage. Matrimony, wedlock, wedding, espousal, nuptials, conjugal union, spousal, union. ANT. Divorce, celibacy, vir- ginity, bachelorhood, widow- hood, maidenhood. Marrow. Medulla, pith, essence, quintessence ; gist, substance, cream, kernel. ANT. Excrescence, surplus- age, redundancy, superfluity; surface, exterior; amplifica- tion; body, volume, mass. Marsh. Fen, swamp, quagmire, morass, bog, slough. ANT. Solid ground. Marshal, v. Order, arrange, di- rect, guide, lead, rank, array, dispose, draw up; herald. ANT. Disarray, misguide, disarrange, disorder. Martial. Warlike, military, sol- dierly, brave. t 198 ] mar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mat ANT. Peaceful, unmilitary, umcarlike. Martyrdom. Martyr like state; torture, torment, persecution ; confession. ANT. Denial, retraction; ab- juration, renegation. Marvel, n. Wonder, prodigy, miracle ; surprise, astonish- ment, amazement, admiration; portent, phenomenon. ANT. Commonplace, impos- ture, cipher, farce, trifle. Marvelous. Wonderful, aston- ishing, surprising, strange, im- probable, incredible ; miracu- lous, stupendous, extraordi- nary, wondrous, supernat- ural, portentous, prodi- gious. ANT. Commonplace, every- day, regular, normal, custom- ary, natural, anticipated, cur- rent, calculated, expected. Masculine. Male, manly, vir- ile, manlike; strong, robust, powerful, bold, hardy, cou- rageous. ANT. Feminine, womanly, womanlike, female; effeminate, womanish. Mask, n. Cover, disguise, pre- text, subterfuge, screen; revel, frolic, evasion, pretense, ruse, plea; redoubt; domino, blind, veil; hypocrisy. ANT. Truth, nakedness, can- dor, verity, openness; exposure, detection, unmasking. Mask, v. Disguise, cover, hide, protect, conceal, veil, shroud, screen. ANT. Expose, unmask, dis- cover, detect. Mass. Quantity, sum, bulk, mag- nitude, body, size, main part, majority; aggregate, whole, to- tality; heap, assemblage, com- bination, concretion. ANT. Fragment, section, por- tion, bit, morsel, minority, seg- ment. Massacre, v. Murder, butcher, kill, slaughter, slay. ANT. Preserve, spare, rescue, restore. Massive. Compacted, weighty, heavy, massy, ponderous, bulky, huge, immense, vast, solid, co- lossal. ANT. Slight, slender, frail, airy; petty, small, light. Master, n. Ruler, director, man- ager, leader, employer, owner, governor, superintendent, com- mander, captain; teacher, in- structor, tutor; adept; posses- sor, proprietor ; professor, head, chief. ANT. Servant, slave, pupil, employee, subject, learner, stu- dent. Master, v. Conquer, subdue, vanquish, overcome ; acquire, learn. ANT. Tield, fail, surrender, succumb. Masterly. Imperious, domineer- ing, arbitrary, despotic; skil- ful, clever, expert, dexterous, adroit; finished, excellent, ar- tistic, consummate. ANT. Humble, obedient, com- pliant, rude, clumsy, bungling. Mastery. Authority, dominion, supremacy ; victory, triumph, preeminence, ascendency, su- periority; acquirement, attain- ment, acquisition; skill, dex- terity, cleverness, ability. ANT. Subservience, tutelage, submission, guidance, obedience, inexpertness, ignorance; defeat, failure, surrender. Masticate. Grind, chew. ANT. Bolt, gobble, swallow. Match, n. Equal, mate; contest; union, marriage ; competition, trial; companion; pair. ANT. Superior, inferior; dis~ [ 199 ] mat] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [me* parity, mismatch, oddity, in- equality. Match, v. Mate, rival, oppose, equal; correspond; adapt, fit, suit; marry; harmonize; join, couple, combine. ANT. Fail, exceed, surpass, preponderate; separate, disso- ciate. Matchless. Unequaled, peerless, unparalleled, incomparable, in- imitable, consummate, exqui- site, excellent, surpassing, un- rivaled. ANT. Common, ordinary, me- diocre, everyday, commonplace, general. Mate, n. Companion, associate, compeer, match, equal; fellow, intimate ; assistant, subordi- nate; peer. ANT. Stranger; superior, in- ferior; principal, chief, head. Material, n. Substance, solidity, weight, stuff, matter. ANT. Work, production, de- sign; spirit, purpose. Material, o. Corporeal, physi- cal; important, essential; mo- mentous, vital, weighty; bodily. ANT. Spiritual, sublimated, incorporeal, evanescent, ethe- real. Matrimony. Marriage, wed- lock. ANT. Celibacy, virginity. Matron. Wife, widow, dame; housekeeper, head nurse; dow- ager. ANT. Girl, maid, maiden, virgin, spinster, miss, lass. Matter. Substance, body, ma- terial, constituency ; concern, affair, business; trouble, diffi- culty; amount, portion, space; sense, significance, moment; import, importance; topic, sub- ject, question; thing, event. ANT. Immateriality, incor- poreality, spirituality; mind, soul, spirit, intellect; animus, zeal, temper. Mature. Ripe, perfect, ready, perfected, completed, full- grown. ANT. Raw, crude, blighted, immature, undeveloped, unripe. Matutinal. Morning, dawning, early, waking. ANT. Vesper, evening, late, waning, turilight. Maudlin. Tearful, sentimental, weak, silly; drunken; intoxi- cated, inebriated, tipsy, mud- dled. ANT. Dry, sober, sensible, unsentimental, unromantic. Mawkish. Nauseous, disgusted, squeamish; insipid, flat, stale, sickly, disgusting, loathsome, maudlin. ANT. Sensible, savory, fine, sound, palatable, pungent. Maxim. Principle, axiom, prov- erb, aphorism, apothegm, ad- age, saying, saw, dictum, pre- cept, rule. ANT. Sophism, quibble, 06- surdity, enigma, paradox. Maximum. Greatest ; climax, zenith, apex, acme, culmina- tion, completion, utmost, ulti- mate. ANT. Minimum, least; mor- sel, fragment: initiative, com- mencement; decrease, icane; incompletion, abortion. Maybe, ad. Perhaps, possibly, haply, mayhap. Maze. Labyrinth, intricacy; be- wilderment, uncertainty, per- plexity ; embarrassment. ANT. Clue, elimination, ex- plication: solution. Meager. Thin, lean, lank, poor, gaunt, starved, hungry, emaci- ated, barren, scanty. ANT. Stout, brawny, fat, chubby; abundant, fertile, copi- ous. I 200 mea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [med Mean, n. Middle, medium, aver- age, intermediate point; (pi.) resources, property, revenue; media. ANT. Extreme, excess, exor- bitance, enormity, extrava- gance; poverty, end, purpose, object. Mean, v. Purpose, intend, de- sign; signify, import, indicate, denote, express. ANT. Do, perform, execute; say, state, enunciate, declare. Mean, a. Ignoble, abject, beg- garly, wretclied, degraded, de- generate, vulgar, vile, servile, menial, groveling, slavish, dis- honorable, disgraceful, shame- ful, despicable, contemptible, paltry, sordid. ANT. Noble, kingly, heroic, princely, exalted, generous, em- inent, honorable, spirited, lib- eral, masterly, worthy, bounti- ful, munificent. Meaning. Purpose, aim, inten- tion, import, design, object; sense, explanation, significance, interpretation, force, purport, acceptation. ANT. Statement; proceed- ing; affidavit, declaration. Meanness. Stinginess, illiber- ality, sordidness, vileness, pe- nuriousness, niggardliness, ab- jectness, baseness; destitution. poverty, lowness, scantiness, smallness, rudeness, selfish- ness. ANT. Nobleness, generosity, unselfishness, liberality, large- heartedness. Measure, n. Dimension, capac- ity, quantity, amount : moder- ation, restraint; extent, limit. . proportion, degree; rule, gage, standard ; meter. ANT. Bulk, mass; segment, section, portion; immensity, in- finity. Measureless. Unlimited, infinite* immeasurable, immense, bound- less, limitless, vast, unbounded. ANT. Circumscribed, finite, limited, bounded, restricted. Mechanic. Artificer, artisan, handicraftsman, hand, crafts- man, operative, workman. ANT. Artist, designer, plan- ner, architect, constructor. Mechanical. Approximate, em- pirical; machine-made; auto- matic, involuntary, blind; ha- bitual, unrefiective, spontane- ous, effortless, unimpassioned. ANT. Labored, feeling, self- conscious, forced, spirited, ap- preciative, lifelike, lively, ani- mated, impassioned. Meddle. Interfere, handle, dis- turb; intrude, interpose, inter- vene, intercede; mediate, arbi- trate. ANT. Withdraw, retire, re- move, recede, retreat. Meddlesome. Meddling, intru- sive, officious; pragmatical, in- terfering; impertinent, obtru- sive. ANT. Unobtrusive, modestf unofficious, shy, retiring, unas- suming, reserved. Mediate, v. Intervene, reconcile, interpose, intercede, arbitrate. ANT. Retire, imthdraw, let be, leave, abandon. Mediation. Interposition, inter- cession, intervention, arbitra- tion, interference, adjustment, reconciliation. ANT. Indifference, neutral- ity; non-interference. Mediator. Reconciler, interces- sor, interceder, advocate, um- pire, propitiator. Medicament. Remedy, specific, medicine, cure, relief, help, re- storative. ANT. Irritant, infection, ag- gravation, hurt, disease. I 201 ] med] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mel Medicate. Drug, treat, heal, cure. ANT. Harm, infect; catch, contract. Medicine, n. Drug, physic, rem- edy, medicament ; antidote, cor- rective, salve, cure; therapeu- tics. ANT. Poison, virus, bane; aggravation. Mediocre. Moderate, indiffer- ent, ordinary, mean, medium, average, middling, common- place. ANT. Superior, inferior, ex- traordinary, distinguished, dis- tinctive. Mediocrity. Inferiority, aver- age, moderate or middle state, medium; moderation; common- place, mean; sufficiency. ANT. Excellence, superior- ity, distinction, brilliance, rar- ity. Meditate. Consider, ponder, re- volve, study, weigh, plan, con- trive, devise, scheme, purpose, intend; contemplate, muse, re- flect, think, cogitate. ANT. Execute, enact, com- plete, consummate. Medium, n. Middle, mean ; mod- eration, average ; proportion ; mediator, intermediary; means, agency, instrumentality. Medium, a. Middle, mean, mid- dling, intermediate, medial, me- diocre, central. ANT. Outer, extreme, dis- tant, remote. Medley. Mixture, jumble, mis- cellany, potpourri, hodge- podge; tumult, confusion, lit- ter, diversity, complexity. ANT. Order, harmony, sim- plicity; arrangement, classifi- cation, assortment, disposition, grouping. Meed. Merit, reward, recom- pense; worth, desert; guerdon, premium, prize, award, remun- eration; gift, present. ANT. Penalty, punishment, brand, stigma, amercement. Meek. Submissive, yielding, un- assuming, gentle; mild, pa- tient, humble; lowly, modest. ANT. Bold, arrogant, proud, self-assertive, irritable, pre- sumptuous, high-spirited. Meet, u. Join ; confront, encoun- ter; be present; perceive, expe- rience, suffer; equal, satisfy; assemble, congregate; harmon- ize, agree, unite; fulfil, com- ply, gratify, answer. ANT. Miss, escape, elude; be absent ; avoid, separate, vary, diverge, decline, part, disagree; disappoint, fall short, fail. Meet, a. Suitable, fit, proper, appropriate, qualified, conve- nient. ANT. Inappropriate, unfit, inconvenient, unsuited, im- proper. Meeting. Conference, assembly, company, convention, congrega- tion, junction, union, conflu- ence; interview, encounter; as- semblage, concourse, gathering. Melancholy, «. Melancholia; depression, dejection, brooding, gloominess. ANT. Happiness, gladness, sanity, merriment, mirth, cheer, hopefulness. Melancholy, a. Sad, dispirited, low-spirited, down-hearted, un- happy, hypochondriac, heavy, doleful, afflictive; dejected, de- pressed, disconsolate, gloomy, sorrowful, moody, desponding; grave, somber, dark. ANT. Happy, cheerful, glad- some, sprightly, lively, merry, mirthful, blithesome, gleeful. Mellifluous. Smooth, honeyed, sweet, mellow, euphonious, sil- very, dulcet. [ 202 mel] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mer ANT. Raucous, "hoarse, dis- cordant, harsh, rough, broken, abrupt. Mellow. Ripe, soft, tender ; sub- dued, delicate; genial, jovial. ANT. Unripe, hard, green, acid, sour; harsh, glaring; dis- cordant. Melodious. Musical, agreeable, harmonious, dulcet, sweet, tune- ful, rhythmical, concordant, mellifluous. ANT. Discordant, harsh, dis- sonant, raucous, jarring, inhar- monious. Melody. Harmony, rhythm, air, tune, music, song, sweetness of sound, descant, theme, unison, symphony. ANT. Discord, jarring, disso- nance, harshness, discordance. Melt. Liquefy, fuse, thaw, mol- lify, soften; be dissipated, run, blend, flow, dissolve. ANT. Harden, combine, con- solidate, unite, crystallize. Member. Organ, limb ; constitu- ent, part; clause, phrase; essen- tial; portion, component. ANT. Whole, body, entirety, aggregate, sum, totality, com- munity, society, association, or- ganization, constitution. Memoir. Memorial, biography, record, narrative, chronicle, reg- ister. Memorable. Important, illus- trious, remarkable, extraordi- nary, signal, distinguished, fa- mous, celebrated, great, conspic- uous, prominent. ANT. Ordinary, trivial, com- monplace, insignificant, medi- ocre. Memorial. Monument, record, memorandum, memento, sou- venir. ANT. Silence, oblivion; non- observance; erasure. Memory. Remembrance, recol- lection, reminiscence; fame, re- nown, reputation; monument; retrospection, retrospect; per- petuation, retention. ANT. Oblivion, oversight, un- mindfulness, obliviousness, /or- getfulnesa. Menace, n. Threat, evil inten- tion, denunciation, threatening. ANT. Good will, benediction, blessing, kindness; protection. Mend. Help, amend, emend, cor- rect, rectify; repair, improve, reform, better, restore, amelio- rate. ANT. Impair, damage, spoil, corrupt; harm, deteriorate, per- vert. Mendacity. Lying, deceit, false- hood, untruth, duplicity, lie, untruthfulness, deception; pre- varication. ANT. Truth, honesty, recti- tude, uprightness, veracity, ac- curacy, exactness. Menial. Servile, mean; domes- tic; dependent, attendant. ANT. Noble, independent, au- tocratic, supreme, superior. Mental. Intellectual, spiritual, metaphysical, subjective, psy- chological, psychical, intelli- gent. ANT. Physical, corporeal, ob- jective, bodily. Mention, n. Reference, allusion, notice, remembrance, hint, com- munication, observation, decla- ration. ANT. Omission, silence, sup- pression, forgetfulness, neglect. Mention, v. Speak of, notice, an- nounce, observe, remark, hint, declare, tell, state, report, dis- close, allude to, name, refer to. ANT. Suppress, omit, be si- lent about, forget, silence, drop, neglect, disregard, slight. Mercantile. Commercial, traffic, [ 203 ] jner] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mie business; wholesale, retail; in- terchangeable, marketable. ANT. Professional; unmer- cantile, unmarketable, stagnant, unprofitable. Mercenary. Paid, hired, hire- ling, venal; greedy, sordid, avaricious, selfish. ANT. Generous, unselfish, lavish, prodigal, liberal, phil- anthropic, benevolent. Merchandise. Wares, commod- ities, goods; trade, traffic, com- merce; stock. Merchant. Trader, shopkeeper, dealer, tradesman, trafficker ; importer. ANT. Shopman, salesman, retailer, pedler, huckster. Merciful. Compassionate, ten- der, humane, gracious, kind, mild, clement, benignant, leni- ent, pitiful, forgiving; tender- hearted. ANT. Remorseless, pitiless, inexorable, unrelenting, severe, cruel, hard, illiberal. Mercy. Compassion, grace, fa- vor, helpfulness, clemency, for- bearance, tenderness, forgive- ness, gentleness, pardon, bless- ing, pity, kindness, mildness, lenity, benevolence, benignity, lenience, leniency. ANT. Harshness, rigor, se- verity, sternness, penalty, jus- tice, vengeance, revenge, pun- ishment, hardness, cruelty, im- placability, ruthlessness, inhu- manity, brutality, exaction. Mere. Unmixed, pure, absolute, unqualified, simple, bare, un- affected; unadulterated. ANT. Compound, mixed, im- pure, blended, combined, adul- terated. Meridian, n. Midday, noon, ze- nith, height, culmination, sum- mit, apex, pinnacle, acme. ANT. Midnight, antipodes, depth, profundity, base, depres- sion, nadir. Merit, n. Desert, worth, excel- lence, reward, approbation; worthiness, credit, goodness. ANT. Worthlessness, error, v.nworthiness, demerit, weak- ness, imperfection, fault. Merry. Gay, jovial, sportive; cheerful, happy; blithe, lively, sprightly, vivacious, mirthful, gleeful, joyous, jocund, hilari- ous. ANT. Gloomy, sad, discon- solate, dismal, moody, dejected. Message. Notice, word, com- munication, missive, letter, in- timation. ANT. Interception, silence, non-communication, neglect. Messenger. Carrier, harbinger, intelligencer, courier, forerun- ner, herald, precursor. Metaphysical. Mental, intel- lectual, psychological, abstract, general, ideal, psychical, sub« jective, rational, abstruse, con- ceptual. ANT. Physical, substantial, physiological, material, practi- cal, objective, palpable, exter- nal. Method. Order, system, rule, way, manner, mode, course, ar- rangement, process, means, reg- ularity. ANT. Disorder, experimen- tation, guesswork, conjecture, attempt, empiricism. Midst. Middle, center, heart; thick; press; burden. ANT. Circumference, rim, surface, border, outside, per- imeter. Mien. Aspect, manner, bearing, look, carriage, deportment, ap- pearance. ANT. Character, disposition, nature, constitution, personal- ity. [ 204 ] mig] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [:nis Might. Force, energy, power, means, resources; strength, ca- pacity, ability. ANT. Weakness, feebleness, infirmity, impotence; inability, inefficiency, incapability; leant, lack. Mild. Gentle, pleasant, clement, kind, soft, bland; moderate, placid, tender, genial, meek. ANT. Harsh, fierce, savage, rough, wild, violent, merciless, severe. Mind. Understanding, intellect, soul; opinion, judgment, belief; choice, inclination, liking, in- tent, will; courage, spirit; re- membrance, memory, recollec- tion; reason, brain, sense, con- sciousness, disposition, intelli- gence, thought, instinct. ANT. Body, matter, brute force, braum, limbs, material substance, members; feelings, emotions, heart, affections, sen- sibilities; conduct; forgetful- ness, obliviousness. Mindful. Regardful, attentive, heedful, observant, thoughtful, careful. ANT. Inattentive, regardless, careless, forgetful, oblivious, absent-minded. Mingle. Combine, join, confuse, compound, mix; unite, associ- ate; intermarry; blend, amal- gamate. ANT. Separate, sever, segre- gate, dissolve, sift, sort, classi- fy, analyze. Minister, n. Delegate, official, ambassador; clergyman, priest, parson, ecclesiastic, preacher, divine, vicar, curate; envoy. ANT. Monarch, master, supe- rior, principal; layman; gov- ernment. Minor, o. Inferior, less impor- tant, smaller, less, junior, un- important, younger. ANT. Major, greater, older,, senior, elder, main, important. Minute. Small, tiny, slender, diminutive, slight, little; pre- cise, particular, detailed, criti- cal, circumstantial, exact, fine, comminuted, specific; inconsid- erable; microscopic. ANT. Monstrous, great, enor- mous, grand, huge; general, ab" stract, broad, comprehensive; inexact, superficial. Miraculous. Supernatural, su- per-physical; wonderful, awe- some. ANT. Natural, ordinary, sci- entific. Mis-. A prefix used in the sense of amiss, wrong, ill. Words to which this prefix but adds this meaning are omitted here, and their synonyms and antonyms may usually be readily found by reference to the root words. Misanthropy. Cynicism, hatred, egoism. ANT. Philanthropy, benevo- lence, altruism, humanitarian- ism. Miscellany. Mass, mixture, col- lection, medley, jumble, variety, hodge-podge, diversity. ANT. Selection, si/stem, ar- rangement, order, group, assort- ment, classification. Mischief. Damage, harm, hurt, injury, detriment, evil, ill ; mia- hap, trouble. ANT. Benefit, good, blessing, profit, gratification, compensa- tion, favor. Miser. Niggard, skinflint, cur- mudgeon, churl. ANT. Spendthrift, profli- gate. Miserable. Abject, forlorn, pit- iable, wretched, mean; worth- less, despicable, contemptible \ unfortunate, unlucky. ANT. Comfortable, happy, [ 205 ] mis] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mon respectable, contented, cheer- ful, easy. Misery. Unhappiness, wretch- edness, woe; calamity, disas- ter, misfortune. ANT. Happiness, content- ment, ease, comfort, pleasure, enjoyment. Misfortune. Adversity, failure, ill luck, hardship, harm, ill, affliction, calamity, blow, dis- aster, disappointment, trial, tribulation, sorrow, ruin, dis- tress, stroke, misery, reverse, mischance, visitation, chasten- ing, trouble, chastisement, mis- adventure, bereavement, mis- hap. ANT. Consolation, blessing, "boon, happiness, joy, prosper- ity, relief, triumph, success, comfort, good fortune, gratifi- cation, good luck, pleasure. Mission. Message, errand, com- mission, deputation; embassy; ministry, legation; trust, office. ANT. Assumption, usurpa- tion, self -appointment ; faith- lessness, betrayal. Mist. Fog, vapor; obscuration, cloudiness, perplexity, bewil- derment, haze. ANT. Clarity, brightness; perspicuity, revelation, clear- ness, discernment, insight, un- derstanding; lucidity. Mob. Rabble, masses, dregs of the people, the vulgar, popu- lace, crowd, canaille, lower classes. , ANT. Elite, aristocracy, no- bility, nobles, patricians. Mobile. Movable, excitable, in- constant, changeable, fickle ; variable, ductile, sensitive. ANT. Immovable, firm, set, steady, unvarying, unchange- able, inexorable. Model. Mold, copy, design, ex- ample, image, imitation, stan- dard, type, representation, pat* tern, prototype, facsimile, orig- inal, archetype ; norm. ANT. Imitation; work, pro- duction, execution; accom- plishment. Moderate, a,. Sparing, temper- ate, frugal, calm, mild; lim- ited, restrained, reasonable ; dispassionate, controlled ; ab- stinent, sober; austere, ascetic. ANT. Immoderate, intemper- ate, luxurious, excessive, ex- travagant. Modern. New, novel, modish, fashionable, present, late, ex- tant, recent. ANT. Past, ancient, anti- quated, old, antique, obsolete, former. Modesty. Humility, lowliness, humbleness, meekness, shyness, reserve, coldness, bashfulness, backwardness, constraint, ti- midity, unobtrusiveness, coy- ness. ANT. Frankness, freedom, impudence, indiscretion, self- conceit, sauciness, abandon, ar- rogance, confidence, egoism, as- sumption, assurance, boldness, forioardness, haughtiness, lo- quacity, pertness, pride, van- ity, self -sufficiency, openness, effrontery. Moment. Instant, twinkling, consequence, weight, consider- ation, force, value, significa- tion, avail ; second, trice. ANT. Age, period, decade, century, generation; insignifi- cance, unimportance, trivial- ity. Monarch. Ruler, sovereign ; king, prince, emperor, queen. ANT. Subject, peer, plebes. Money. Coin, cash, currency, gold, funds, property, specie, silver, bills, bullion, notes, cap- ital. [ 208 ] mon] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Monopoly. Exclusivenesa, pos- session, privilege, appropria- tion, engrossment, preemption. ANT. Community, partner- ship, competition, free trade; participation, sharing; com- munism ; socialism. Monotonous. Unvarying, uni- form, wearisome, dull, tedious, same, unison, humdrum, undi- versified; similar, like. ANT. Varied, changed, di- versified; harmonic; lively; di- vergent, variant. Monster. Prodigy, enormity, marvel, portent ; monstrosity, wonder; demon, fiend, dragon, sphinx, colossus, leviathan ; ogre. ANT. Pigmy, dwarf, elf; an- gel, beauty, cherub. Monstrous. Abnormal, extraor- dinary, prodigious, portentous, marvelous, unnatural ; vast, immense, colossal, stupendous; shocking, horrible, hateful, ter- rible, hideous. ANT. Beautiful, small, rea- sonable, little, shapely, regular, fair, pretty, comely; ordinary, familiar, natural; charming, lovely. Moral, a. Dutiful, right, virtu- ous, just, worthy, ethical ; in- tellectual, spiritual, religious, pious, righteous, ideal. ANT. Immoral, wrong, sin- ful, unjust, unworthy, vicious, gross; irreligious, impious, sen- sual; physical, bodily, carnal. Moreover. Besides, further, in addition; also, likewise, in ad- dition to. ANT. Finally, lastly. Morose. Gruff, gloomy, crusty, crabbed, acrimonious, severe, snappish, sullen, surly, churl- ish, dogged, ill-humored, ill- natured, sulky. ANT. Bland, gentle, benig- nant, good-natured, kind, lov- ing, pleasant, sympathetic, ge- nial, amiable, friendly, tender, indulgent, complaisant, mild. Mortal. Deathlike; deadly, de- structive, poisonous ; vulner- able, vital; human, perishable, ephemeral, transient, transi- tory. ANT. Immortal, undying, everlasting, eternal, divine, ce- lestial, life-fjiving, perennial. Motherly. Maternal, mother- like, parental; kind, loving, af- fectionate. ANT. Paternal, fatherlike, fatherly; harsh, unloving, un- kind, hateful. Motion. Movement, change, ac- tion, act, passage, move, proc- ess, transit, transition. ANT. Quiescence, quiet, rest, repose, stillness, immobility. Motive. Incentive, incitement, inducement, reason, spur, stim- ulus, cause; object, purpose; argument, conviction; impulse, prompting. ANT. Deed, achievement, ex- ecution, action, attempt, pro- ject; deflector, preventive, dis- suasion, deterrent. Mourn. Lament, grieve, regret, rue, bewail, sorrow. ANT. Exult, joy, rejoice, be joyful, triumph, make merry. Mournful. Lugubrious, heavy, sad, sorrowful, grievous, ca- lamitous. ANT. Joyful, jubilant, glad- some, cheerful, happy, pleas- ant, joyous. Move. Stir, agitate, trouble, af- fect, persuade, actuate, impel, prompt, instigate, incite, offer, induce. ANT. Stop, stay, arrest, pre- vent, deter; calm, appease, de- flect. Movement. Motion ; compul- [ 207 ] Tame] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [myt sion, stimulation, incitement, agitation, arousing, instiga- tion. ANT. Stoppage, stay, pause, calm, quiet. Much. Great; long; consider- able; abundant; far; ample, plenteous. ANT. Little, small, scarce, few, scanty, near; narrow. Multiplication. Teeming, mul- tiplicity, multitude, increase, plurality, reproduction, aug- mentation, swarming, multifa- riousness, multitudinousness. ANT. Diminution, division, subtraction, reduction; extinc- tion; rarity, scantiness; unity, singularity. Multitude. Throng, crowd, as- sembly, assemblage, common- alty, swarm, populace; host, rabble, mob, concourse. ANT. Individual, solitude; aristocracy; oligarchy; scanti- ness, paucity, scarcity. Mundane. Worldly, terrestrial, earthly; sublunary; secular, temporal. ANT. Unworldly, spiritual, celestial, eternal, supramun- dane, stellar, solar, lunar. Munificent. Bounteous, boun- tiful, liberal, generous; benefi- cent, free, lavish, extravagant. ANT. Small, niggardly, sav- ing, sparing, mean, close. Musical. Melodious, harmoni- ous, tuneful, symphonious, mel- lifluous, rhythmical. ANT. Discordant, inharmo- nious, harsh, raucous, unmelo- dious. Mute. Silent, dumb, speechless; voiceless; still, unpronounced ; unresponsive; taciturn. ANT. Talkative, chattering, garrulous, vocal, speaking, lo- quacious, loud, noisy. Mutual. Common, correlative, reciprocal, joint, interchange- able. ANT. Detached, distinct, disunited, separate, severed, sundered, unshared, unrecipro- cated, unrequited, disconnected. Mysterious. Abstruse, enigmat- ical, dark, mystical, occult, ob- scure, secret, transcendental, unknown, unfathomable, mys- tic, hidden, inexplicable, in- scrutable, cabalistic, incom- prehensible, recondite. ANT. Clear, plain, appar- ent, manifest, bright, light, ex- plainable, simple, comprehen- sible, obvious, easy, revealed, understood. Mystic. Unknowable, obscure, mysterious ; allegorical, enig- matical ; transcendental ; ca- balistic, symbolical. ANT. Familiar, simple, or- dinary, commonplace, obvious, plain. Myth. Fable, tradition, legend; parable, invention, fiction, alle- gory; falsehood, lie. ANT. Truth, fact, historyt narrative, incident. [ 208 ] nab] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [nau N Nabob. Millionaire, Croesus, viceroy, governor, Dives. ANT. Beggar, suppliant. Naked. Nude, bare; defense- less, unprotected, destitute ; manifest, undisguised; simple, mere, plain; unclothed, un- draped, denuded ; uncolored, un- varnished. ANT. Robed, draped, veiled, dressed, shrouded, muffled; pro- tected, sheltered; colored, var- nished, qualified. Name, n. Appellation, denomi- nation, cognomen, designation, surname, title, style, epithet. Name, v. Call, indicate, desig- nate, specify, mention, denomi- nate, style, nominate. ANT. Miscall, misname, mis- indicate; be nameless or anony- mous; hint, suggest, shadow, intimate, imply. Narrate. Relate, tell, recount, describe, detail, rehearse, re- port, recite. ANT. Misrepresent, mistake; suppress, conceal. Narrative. Narration, recital, account, rehearsal, relation, description, story, tale, his- tory. Narrow. Not wide, straitened, limited, without margin; big- oted, illiberal ; parsimonious, niggardly, selfish ; close, scruti- nizing, exact; slender, spare, thin, contracted, cramped. ANT. Wide, broad, ample, expanded, thick ; generous, be- nevolent; unlimited; liberal. Nascent. Embryo, rudimental, budding, incipient. ANT. O-rown, developed, ma- ture; aged; confirmed, set. Nasty. Filthy, foul, dirty, of- fensive, damp, disgusting, dis- agreeable, wet; indecent, ob- scene. ANT. Pleasant, sweet, agree- able, savory, nice, pure. Nation. People, race, stock; realm, community, state, com- monwealth. Native. Innate, natal, natural, original, indigenous. ANT. Alien, artificial, for- eign, unnatural, acquired, as- sumed. Natural. Native; essential, nor- mal, regular, intrinsic, cosmi- cal, spontaneous, original, art- less, ingenuous; kind, affec- tionate; genuine, unaffected. ANT. Abnormal, monstrous, unnatural, improbable, adven- titious, fictitious, coarse; art- ful, affected. Nature. Creation, universe; es- sence, constitution; kind, sort, character, quality; temper, dis- position, mood; mind, intelli- gence; vitality. ANT. Thing, subject, object, man, being, creature, monstros- ity, unnaturalness ; art, fiction, romance, invention. Naught. Nothing, cipher, zero. ANT. Anything, everything, aught. Naughty. Mischievous, per- verse, f reward; bad, corrupt, worthless, good-for-nothing; re- fractory, wicked. ANT. Good, worthy, well- behaved, tractable, pure, docile, innocent. Nausea. Seasickness, loathing, disgust, qualm ; repugnance, aversion. ANT. Enjoyment, taste, de- light, relish. 209 ] nau] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [neg Nautical. Marine, maritime, na- val, oceanic. Near, ad. Nigh, not remote, al- most, nearly, well-nigh, inti- mately, closely. Near, a. Nigh, close, adjacent, adjoining, approximate; immi- nent, impending, forthcoming, approaching; familiar, dear, in- timate; immediate; literal, ac- curate; narrow, parsimonious; short ; proximate, contiguous, present, ready. ANT. Distant, remote, far; reserved, uncordial, cool, stiff; indistinct, obscure, future. Nearly. Almost, well-nigh, inti- mately, closely, approximately. ANT. Quite, entirely, dis- tantly, remotely. Neat. Trim, tidy, prim, precise, spruce, clean, cleanly, orderly, natty, dapper, nice. ANT. Negligent, slack, slov- enly, slouchy, dirty, soiled, dis- orderly, dowdy, untidy, rough, unkempt, rude, uncared for. Necessary. Essential, inevitable, needful, infallible, undeniable, indispensable, required, requi- site, unavoidable. ANT. Optional, useless, con- tingent, worthless, casual, non- essential, needless. Necessitate. Force, compel, co- erce, make necessary, oblige, constrain, make, drive, impel. ANT. Persuade, convince, in- duce, tempt, coax, allure; liber- ate, release. Necessity. Need, requirement, want, compulsion, fate, fatal- ity, requisite, destiny, essential, emergency, extremity, exigency, indispensableness, urgency, un- avoidableness, sine qua non. ANT. Choice, contingency, doubt, option, freedom, uncer- tainty, fortuity, doubtfulness, dubiousness, possibility. Need. Exigency, emergency, ex- tremity, strait, distress, indi- gence, penury. ANT. Competence, affluence, choice, wealth, luxury, pro- fuseness; superfluity, useless- ness, dispensableness ; casualty, accident; contingency, free- dom. Needful. Requisite, needy, ne- cessitous, distressful, essential, indispensable. ANT. Contingent, casual, un- necessary, unessential, discre- tional, optional, needless. Needless. Unnecessary, useless, superfluous, groundless, gratui- tous. ANT. Needful, useful, help- ful, obligatory. Nefarious. Wicked, abominable, iniquitous, execrable, atrocious, impious. ANT. Noble, honorable, ad- mirable, laudable; benevolentt generous, humane. Negation. Denial, disavowal, disclaimer, contradiction. ANT. Assertion, declarationt deposition, avowal, affirma- tion, allegation, protestation, claim. Negative, a. Denying, indirect, unaffirmative, privative, dis- claiming. ANT. Positive, direct, asser- tive, attributive, affirmative, de- clarative. Neglect, n. Negligence, failure, omission, disregard, oversight, indifference, remissness, slight, thoughtlessness, slackness, de- fault, carelessness, disrespect, heedlessnesa, inadvertence, in- attention, scorn. ANT. Care, attention, notice, regard, esteem, consideration, respect. Negotiate. Transfer, sell, pass, arrange, treat, bargain, trade, [ 210 ] nei] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [nob communicate, transact, effect, perform. ANT. Stop, quash, misman- age, misconduct. Neighborly. Kind, civil, social, friendly, near, adjoining, adja- cent, neighboring, friendly, at- tentive. ANT. Individual, solitary, personal, distant, remote, un- kind, uncivil, unfriendly. Nerve. Steadiness, firmness, for- titude, self-command, resolu- tion, strength, courage, pluck, endurance, coolness, presence of mind. ANT. Weakness, cowardice, timidity, feebleness, nerveless- ness. Nervous. Excitable, agitated, annoyed, irritable, weak, fear- ful ; strong, vigorous, spirited, nervy, forceful. ANT. Self-possessed, self- controlled, poised, calm, com- posed; dull, inert, phlegmatic, sluggish. Neutral. Neuter, undecided, in- different, unpronounced, unin- terfering, negative, impartial, unavowed, unaffiliated. ANT. Interested, interfering, positive, partial, active, allied, avowed, declared. Neutralize. Render neutral, in- validate, counteract, counter- balance, countervail, render in- operative. ANT. Enhance, intensify, ag- gravate. New. Fresh, modern, novel, late, recent, juvenile, upstart, young, new-fangled, youthful, new- fashioned. ANT. Old, antique, ancient, old-fashioned, aged, elderly. News. Information, tidings, in- telligence, advice, word, report, account, announcement, ru- mor. ANT. Ignorance, silence, non- publication, suppression; mis- intelligence, misreport. Nice. Exquisite, accurate, cor- rect, precise, particular, punc- tilious, squeamish, tinical, ef- feminate, silly, exact, critical, definite, strict, fastidious, cau- tious, scrupulous ; discerning, discriminating; fine, minute, refined, delicate, dainty, pleas- ant, agreeable. ANT. Coarse, rude, rough, inaccurate, blind, undiscrimi- nating, unscrupulous, incau- tious, undiscerning, careless, negligent, disagreeable, nau- seous. Nicety. Fastidiousness, accur- acy, scrupulousness, delicacy, precision, daintiness, subtlety, distinction, exactness. ANT. Coarseness, roughness, inaccuracy, rudeness. Niggardly. Avaricious, covet- ous, parsimonious, miserly, sordid, sparing, penurious, stingy. ANT. Generous, bountiful, copious, ample, profuse, abun- dant, bounteous, plentiful, mu- nificent. Nimble. Alert, brisk, bustling, lively, prompt, quick, speedy, swift, spry, agile, sprightly, ac- tive. ANT. Clumsy, dilatory, dull, heavy, inert, inactive, slow, un- ready, sluggish. Nobility. Greatness, dignity, su- periority, nobleness, eminence, elevation, worthiness; family, rank, title, birth; aristocracy, peerage, patrician class. ANT. Obscurity, meanness, serfdom, paltriness, plebeian- ism . Noble. Honorable, worthy, dig- nified, elevated, superior, sub- lime, great, eminent, stately. [ 211 ] nob] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [not generous, liberal, free, aristo- cratic, patrician, illustrious, grand, lordly, renowned, mag- nificent, knightly. ANT. Ignoble, plebeian, pal- try, vulgar, base-born, low-born, rustic, peasant, contemptible, unworthy, mean. Nobody. No person, no one, not anybody, cipher, nonentity. ANT. Somebody, notability, celebrity, colossus, star. Nocturnal. Nightly, dark, tene- brose, gloomy. ANT. Dally, diurnal, solar, brilliant, light. Noise. Cry, outcry, clamor, din, clatter, uproar; rumor, report, rattle, tumult. ANT. Music, melody, har- mony; silence, hush, stillness, voicelessness. Noiseless. Silent, quiet, inau- dible. ANT. Noisy, uproarious, tur- bulent, clamorous, boisterous, brawling, tumultuous, loud. Noisome. Noxious, insalubrious, unwholesome, mischievous, de- structive, nocuous, hurtful, pes- tilential, harmful. ANT. Wholesome, salutary, salubrious, beneficial. Noisy. Loud, clamorous, stun- ning, boisterous, turbulent. ANT. Noiseless, subdued, in- audible, whispering; melodious, tuneful. Nominal. Literal, verbal, titu- lar; formal, avowed, pretended, ostensible, supposititious. ANT. Veritable, essential, in- trinsic, actual, substantial, im- portant, real, serious, true. Nominate. Name, specify, ap- point, designate, entitle. ANT. Suggest, icithdraw, re- ject, indicate, cancel, deprive, recall. Nonsense. Folly, silliness, ab- surdity, trash, inanity, plati- tude, pretense. ANT. Sense, msdom, fact, truth, gravity, reason, science. Normal. Regular, ordinary^ nat- ural, standard, usual, typical, recognized, common. ANT. Exceptional, abnormal, uncommon, singular, unusual, monstrous, irregular, peculiar, rare, unprecedented, remark- able, unnatural. Notable. Plain, evident, noted, noticeable, distinguished, mem- orable, extraordinary, conspicu- ous, manifest; notorious. ANT. Ordinary, mean, com,' monplace, everyday, undistin- guished, unimpressive, insig- nificant. Note. Memorandum, comment, remark, record, scholium; ac- count, catalogue, bill ; heed, ob- servation; reputation, distinc- tion, celebrity, fame, repute, re- nown. ANT. Misindicction, misrep- resentation, misleader. Notice, n. Observation, regard, cognizance, information, advice, news, intelligence, intimation, announcement, premonition, in- struction, warning, attention, consideration. ANT. Oversight, disregard, neglect, slight, ignorance, con- nivance, omission, hecdlessness, m isinforma tion. Notice, v. Mark, observe, note, heed, regard, perceive, see, re- mark, mention, comment on, at- tend, mind. ANT. Overlook, disregard, misjudge, neglect. Notification. Information, no- tice, declaration, publication, announcement, advertisement. Notify. Intimate, declare, pub- lish, announce, acquaint, warn, apprise, communicate, inform. [ 212 ] not] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [nur ANT. Withhold, conceal, sup- press, misinform, misreport. Notion. Idea, conception, appre- hension, sentiment, judgment, opinion, belief, impression, esti- mation, conceit, conviction. ANT. Misconception, misap- prehension, frustration, falsifi- cation. Notorious. Distinguished, con- spicuous, remarkable, famous, celebrated, noted, renowned. ANT. Suspected, reputed, re- ported. Notwithstanding, conj. Still, however, although, but, never- theless, howbeit, yet, though. Notwithstanding, prep. De- spite, in spite of. Nourish. Feed, foster, cherish, nurse, tend, support, maintain, train, educate, promote. ANT. Starve, blight, destroy, kUL Nourishment. Nutrition, nutri- ment, food, aliment, provision, sustenance. ANT. Poison, venom, bane, starvation, exhaustion. Novel, a. New, recent, modern, fresh, stransre, uncommon, rare, unusual, fantastic, odd, upstart, new-fangl ANT. 1'eneroblc, ancient, old- fashion ed, time- /; onored. Noxious. Noisome, injurious, hurtful, pernicious, unwhole- some, deadly, poisonous. ANT. H'.'.'o/rsowe, salutary, beneficial, healthful, salubri- ous. Nucleus. Kernel, core, center. ANT. Exterior, face, appear- ance. Nudity. Nakedness, exposure. bareness. ANT. Clothing, dress, vest- ment, drapery. Nugatory. Trifling, vain, insig- nificant, futile, ineffectual, un- availing, trivial, worthless, use- less, null. ANT. Important, potent, mo- mentous, efficacious, successful, grave, serious, satisfactory. Nuisance. Annoyance, plague, pest, affliction, bane, trouble. ANT. Pleasure, delight, ben- efit, blessing, gratification. Nullify. Revoke, annul, cancel, abolish, render void, abrogate, neutralize, repeal. ANT. Enact, confirm, per- petuate, establish, stabilitate. Numb. Enfeebled, destitute, tor- pid, benumbed, insensible, par- alyzed, deadened. ANT. Alive, alert, sensitive, keen, lively, animated, atten- tive. Number, n. Aggregation, multi- tude, collection, numeral, nu- merous, quantity. ANT. Scarcity, feioness, pau- city. Number, v. Count, enumerate, calculate, tell, compute, reckon, estimate. ANT. Guess, hazard, conjec- ture; lump, mass. Numberless. Innumerable, in- finite, countless. ANT. Few, scarce, rare, infre- quent. Numerous. Many, abundant, di- verse, multifarious, manifold, sundry. ANT. Few, scarce, rare, in- frequent. Nuptial. Wedding, marriage, hymeneal, espousal, connubial, bridal. ANT. Bachelor, virgin. Nurse, v. Nourish, cherish, fos- ter, attend, manage, train, edu- cate, teach, feed, nurture. ANT. Starve, kill, destroy; neglect. Nurture. Nourish, nurse, tend, cherish, educate, train, feed. [ 213 ] nut] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [obi ANT. Neglect, deprive, dis- regard, slight. Nutriment. Aliment, food, sus- tenance, nourishment, susten- tation, subsistence, nutri- tion. ANT. Starvation, detriment, exhaustion, poison, decay, in- anition. Nutrition. Nutriment, feeding, sustentation. ANT. Poison, venom. Oath. Curse, imprecation, pro- fanity, swearing, adjuration, affidavit, anathema, ban, blas- phemy, denunciation, execra- tion, malediction, vow, repro- bation, sworn statement. ANT. Blessing, benediction, benison. Obdurate. Firm, unbending, in- flexible, unyielding, obstinate, stubborn, impenitent, callous, unfeeling, insensible. ANT. Yielding, teachable, tender, docile, amenable, flex- ible, toftened. Obedience. Submission, duty, compliance, respect, dutiful- ness, subservience. ANT. Resistance, rebellion, r transgression, disobedience, an- tagonism, insubordination. Obedient. Dutiful, respectful, compliant, submissive, humble, yielding, obsequious, modest, docile. ANT. Disrespectful, unduti- ful, arrogant, hard, unyielding, obstinate, obdurate, stubborn. Obesity. Fatness, corpulence, fleshiness, corpulency. ANT. Leanness, thinness. Obey. Submit, yield, comply. ANT. Resist, refuse, disobey. Object, n. Reality, fact, exis- tence, phenomenon; aim, inten- tion, end, purpose, appearance, motive, design, sight, view, goal. ANT. Subject, idea, fancy, conception. Objective. Outward, external, extrinsic, concrete, universal, actual, positive, real. ANT. Subjective, intrinsic, abstract, notional. Oblation. Offering, gift, sacri- fice, contribution, presentation. ANT. Spoliation, sacrilege, withholding, refusal. Obligation. Responsibility, en- gagement, contract, agreement, bond, covenant, stipulation, ne- cessity, debt, duty, compul- sion. ANT. Choice, freedom, as- surance, promise, declaration, intention. Oblige. Bind, please, gratify, accommodate, favor, constrain, compel, force, coerce, benefit, necessitate, obligate. ANT. Release, acquit; per- suade, induce ; annoy, disoblige. Obliging. Civil, courteous, com- plaisant, kind, considerate, ac- commodating, compliant. ANT. Discourteous, incon- siderate, rude, disobliging, un- accommodating. Oblique. Indirect, slanting, in- clined, perverse, disingenuous, diagonal, divergent, angular. ANT. Straightforward, rec- tilineal. Oblivion. Forgetfulness, disre- membrance. ANT. Memory, reminiscence, remembrance, recollection, cel- ebration, commemoration. [ 214 J obi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [obs Obloquy. Censure, odium, con- tumely, reproach, gainsaying, reviling, calumny, slander, de- traction. ANT. Praise, acclamation, encomium, panegyric. Obnoxious. Odious, detrimen- tal, blameworthy, pernicious, offensive. ANT. Pleasant, grateful, in- dependent, wholesome, benefi- cial, salutary. Obscure, a. Abstruse, deep, in- volved, difficult, hidden, pro- found, mysterious, ambiguous, unintelligible, cloudy, complex, complicated, dark, darksome, dense, dim. doubtful, intricate, dusky, indistinct, enigmatical, incomprehensible, muddy, tur- bid, shadowy, misty, unknown, secluded, unascertained, re- mote. ANT. Clear, luminous, dis- tinct, lucid, plain, plain-spoken, intelligible, prominent, emi- nent. Obsequious. Servile, cringing, fawning, compliant, submissive, deferential, sycophantic, flatter- ing. ANT. Impudent, self-asser- tive, independent, arrogant, in- submissive, haughty, proud. Observance. Observation, heed- ing, form, practice, custom, at- tention, celebration, ceremony, performance. ANT. Inobservance, inatten- tion, disuse, disregard, disre- spect, omission, unceremonious- ness, informality. Observant. Observing, watch- ful, attentive, regardful, obe- dient, mindful, careful, heed- ful. ANT. Unmindful, disobedi- ent, disregardful, heedless. Observation. Contemplation, re- mark, study, notice, view, con- clusion, judgment, attention, comment, note, observance. ANT. Inattention, oversight, silence, ignorance, inadver- tence. Observe. Remark, note, watch, heed, see, discover, attend, com- ment. ANT. Overlook, misconceive, misunderstand. Obsolete. Disused, ancient, ne- glected, antiquated, archaic, ef- fete, past, old-fashioned, old, rare, obsolescent. ANT. Fashionable, modern, current, customary, new, novel, extant. Obstacle. Impediment, obstruc- tion, difficulty, hindrance, bar- rier, check. ANT. Course, proceeding, ca- reer, advancement, progress. Obstinacy. Pertinacity, firm- ness, resoluteness, inflexibility, persistency, perverseness, con- tumacy. ANT. Flexibility, docility, complaisance. Obstinate. Perverse, obdurate, intractable, determined, stub- born, resolved, resolute, inflex- ible, unyielding, intractable, in- domitable, unflinching, contu- macious, decided, dogged, mul- ish, heady, headstrong, fixed, firm, immovable, opinionated, persistent, pertinacious, refrac- tory, unconquerable. ANT. Pliant, docile, submis- sive, dutiful, gentle, obedient, compliant, tractable, yielding, amenable, complaisant, irreso- lute, wavering, undecided, pli- able, teachable. Obstruct. Bar, barricade, hin- der, oppose, impede, stay, stop, arrest, check, embarrass, clog, choke, retard, interrupt. ANT. Aid, facilitate, accel- erate, forward, promote, clear, [ 215 ] obs] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [off advance, open, pave the way for, further, free, expedite. Obstruction. Obstacle, barrier, bar, impediment, check, clog, hindrance. ANT. Course, proceeding, ad- vancement, progress, career. Obtain. Attain, gain, procure, acquire, earn, win. ANT. Lose, forfeit, surren- der, forego. Obtrude. Intrude, force, inter- fere, thrust. ANT. Suggest, hint, insinu- ate; retire, withdraw. Obtuse. Blunt, dull, stupid, un- intelligent, stolid. ANT. Keen, quick, sharp, in- telligent, acute, clever. Obverse. Opposite, facing. ANT. Hinder, reverse. Obvious. Opposing; plain, evi- dent, clear, manifest, apparent, discovered, perceived, open, ex- plicit, patent. ANT. Remote, obscure, far- fetched, involved, latent. Occasion, v. Cause, produce, create, induce, originate, fur- nish, compose, constitute, gen erate. Occasionally. Sometimes, casu- ally, rarely. ANT. A I ways, constantly, regularly, frequently. Occult. Secrot, concealed, hid- den, unknown, invisible, latent, eclipsed, unrevealed, mysteri- ous. ANT. Developed, plain, ex- posed, patent, clear, familiar, open. Occupancy. Possession, occupa- tion, tenurv. ANT. Kriction, ejection, dis possession. Occupation. Occupancy, avoca- tion, employment, engagement vocation, calling, office, trade. profession. ANT. Idleness, leisure, va- cancy, vacation, abandonment, resignation. Occupy. Possess, hold, employ, fill. ANT. Abandon, release, de- sert, surrender, vacate, concede, Occur. Happen, appear, meet, befall, betide, take place. ANT. Threaten, pass, im- pend. Occurrence. Event, happening, incident, affair, adventure, cir- cumstance, transaction, episode. ANT. Cause, antecedent, in- ducement, predisposition, ten- dency, contribution. Odd. Quaint, unmatched, queer, unusual, eccentric, fantastical, droll, comical, singular, pecul- iar. ANT. Common, usual, regu- lar, normal, matched. Odious. Hateful, detestable, dis- gusting, abominable, repulsive, forbidding, unpopular, invidi- ous, loathsome. ANT. Pleasing, pleasant, ac- ceptable, agreeable, grateful, delectable, bewitching, charm- ing. Odium. Hatred, abhorrence, de- testation, antipathy, unpopu- larity, offensiveness. ANT. Welcome, acceptable- ness, popularity. Oclor. Scent, perfume, smell, fra- grance, aroma, redolence; trail, effluvium, fume. ANT. Inodorcnsness. Odorous. Fragrant, perfumed, balmy, aromatic, odorant. ANT. Scentless, inodorous; fni ,V. Offend. Displease, affront, harm, pain, annoy, transgress. ANT. Please, gratify, concili- ate. Offense. Umbrage, misdeed, de- linquency, transgression, fault, [ 216 1 off] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ons affront, indignity, outrage, in- sult. ANT. Defense, guiltlessness, innocence. Offensive. Disagreeable, obnox- ious, distasteful, impertinent, disgusting, rude, saucy, appro- brious, insulting, insolent, at- tacking, abusive, invading, as- sailant. ANT. Defensive, pleasing, grateful, savory. Offer. Propose, propound, ten- der, sacrifice, immolate, under- take, attempt, try, proffer. ANT. Withhold, irithdraio, retract, retain, alienate, divert. Offhand. Instant, ready, extem- poraneous, unpremeditated, un- studied, impromptu. ANT. Premeditated, elabo- rate, studied, thought-out. Office. Service, duty, custom, po- sition, charge, authority, func- tion, business. ANT. Leisure, vacancy, sine- cure, resignation. Officer. Official, functionary, di- rector, dignitary, manager, ad- ministrator. ANT. Member, servant, pri- vate, employee. Official, a. Administrative, au- thoritative, functional, profes- sional. ANT. Private, unofficial, un- professional. Officiate. Act, serve, perform. ANT. Witness, retire. Officious. Impertinent, meddle- some, interfering, forward, in- trusive, pushing. ANT. Negligent, backward, remiss; retiring, modest. Often. Frequently, repeatedly, commonly, many times, not sel- dom. ANT. Infrequently, seldom, rarely. Old. Aged, ancient, primitive, pristine, antique, antiquated, old-fashioned, obsolete; senile; gray, hoary, olden, immemo- rial, time-honored, decrepit, el- derly, patriarchal, remote, ven- erable, time-worn. ANT. Youthful, childlike, young; recent, modern, fresh,, new-fashioned, current. Omen. Prognostic, augury, pres- age, sign, portent, foreboding. ANT. Fulfilment, event, oc- currence, realization. Ominous. Significant, porten- tous, unpropitious, threaten- ing, inauspicious, foreboding, premonitory, suggestive. ANT. Encouraging, auspi- cious, propitious. Omit, v. Leave out, neglect, for- bear, fail, miss, overlook. ANT. Consider, observe, no- tice, attend, regard. Omnipotent. All-powerful, ir- resistible, Almighty. ANT. Powerless, inefficient, impotent. Omniscient. All-knowing, infal- lible, all-wise. ANT. Short-sighted, fallible, ignorant. One. Single, individual, soli- tary, certain, undivided, com- mon, united, unitary. ANT. Many, several; few. Onerous. Burdensome, oppres- sive, heavy, toilsome, difficult, laborious, responsible. ANT. Light, easy, trivial. Only, ad. Solely, singly, exclu- sively, merely, barely, wholly. ANT. Among, amongst, to- gether, collectively. Only, a. Single, sole, alone, pre- eminent, chief. ANT. Many, together, sev- eral, mixed. Onset, Onslaught. Assault, at- tack, storming, aggression, in- vasion. [ 217 ] pen, a. Unclosed, uncovered, unprotected, exposed, plain, obvious, evident, public, art- less, candid, free, available, ac- cessible, undisguised, ingenu- ous. ANT. Closed, barred, inac- cessible, unavailable, reserved, shut, secreted. Opening. Aperture, hole, space, breach, gap, fissure; start, in- auguration, commencement, ini- tiation, beginning ; opportunity. ANT. Obstruction, stop-gap, termination, enclosure, close, end, conclusion, inopportunity, unseasonableness. Operation. Agency, action, ex- ercise, production, influence, force, performance, result, pro- cedure, effect, execution. ANT. Failure, uselessness, futility, ineffectiveness, ineffi- ciency, poioerlessness, inaction, cessation, rest. Opinion. Persuasion, idea, sen- timent, view, conviction, judg- ment, notion, impression, esti- mation. ANT. Evidence, argument, inquiry, speculation, investiga- tion, pleading. Opponent. Antagonist, foe, ad- versary, enemy, rival. ANT. Helper, assistant, ac- complice, ally. Opportune. Timely, seasonable, convenient, ready, suitable, au- spicious, meet, appropriate. ANT. Untimely, unseason- able, inopportune, infelicitous. Opportunity. Occasion, conven- ience, occurrence, turn, open- ing. ANT. Lapse, omission, inop- portuneness, contre-temps. Oppose. Combat, withstand, con- tradict, deny, gainsay, oppugn, contravene, check, obstruct. ANT. Aid, abet, support, ad- vance, expedite. Opposite. Facing, contrary, re- pugnant, antagonistic, adverse, counter, contradictory, op- posed. ANT. Agreeing, coincident, harmonious, conformable, suit- ing, fitting, accordant. Opposition. Restraint, defeat, resistance, hostility, obstacle, obstruction, animosity. ANT. Sympathy, harmony, concord, alliance, congeniality. Oppress. Impose, weigh down, burden, grind, persecute, over- whelm, crush, overpower, sub- due. ANT. Encourage, assist, sup- port, befriend. Oppression. Cruelty, tyranny, hardship, injustice, severity. ANT. Kindness, mercy, jus- tice, clemency, leniency. Oppressive. Heavy, oppressing, rigorous, tyrannical, unjust, ex- tortionate, grinding. ANT. Light, easy, compas- sionate, just, humane, gener- ous. Opprobrium. Disgrace, infamy, reproach, contempt, scandal, obloquy, odium. [ 218 ] opt] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [or£ ANT. Popularity, welcome, acceptableness. Option. Choice, preference, selec- tion, discretion, wish, election. ANT. Compulsion, necessity, obligation. Opulence. Wealth, riches, for- tune, affluence, independence. ANT. Poverty, impecunios- ity, indigence, want. Oracle. Revelation ; prophet, an- gel. ANT. Empiricism, pragma- tism. Oracular. Prophetic, ominous, portentous; authoritative, pos- itive, dogmatical ; wise, grave, sage ; obscure, equivocal, am- biguous. ANT. Cautious, modest, va- cillating, diffident. Oral. Verbal, unwritten, vocal, spoken, traditional. ANT. Documentary, icrit- ten. Oration. Address, speech, dis- course, harangue, lecture, dis- putation, declamation, effusion. ANT. Reasoning, suggestion, insinuation. Oratory. Eloquence, rhetoric, el- ocution, declamation. ANT. Hesitation, stammer- ing, dulness. Orb. Sphere, globe, ball; circle, orbit, circuit; disk; revolution. Orbit. Revolution, path, circuit, sphere. ANT. Deviation, eccentric- ity, perturbation. Ordain. Set, regulate, establish, appoint, decree, constitute, in- stitute, prescribe, dictate. ANT. Revoke, subvert, can- eel, countermand. Ordeal. Test, trial, experiment, probation, proof, scrutiny, as- say, investigation. ANT. Result, event; argu- ment, evidence, plea, discussion. Order. Arrangement, system, procedure, method, rule, regula- tion ; command, mandate, rank, direction, grade, class, clmrac- ter, kind, management, injunc- tion, prohibition, requirement,, instruction. ANT. Alloicance, consent, leave, permission, permit, lib- erty, license. Orderly. Regular, obedient, sys- tematic, quiet, peaceable, meth- odical, well-regulated. ANT. Disorderly, riotous, ir~ regular. Ordinance. Statue, law, edict,, decree, rescript, regulation, in- stitute, rule. ANT. Custom, usage, tradi- tion, fashion. Ordinary. Normal, usual, com- mon, customary, settled, fre- quent, wonted, habitual, indif- ferent, mediocre, plain, com- monplace. ANT. Extraordinary, supe- rior, unusual, uncommon. Organic. Inherent, fundamen- tal, essential, constitutional, radical, vital; organized, syste- matized. ANT. Non-essential, circum- stantial, provisional, contin- gent, inorganic, secondary. Organization. Structure, form, construction ; organism. ANT. Disorganization. Organize. Arrange, constitute, shape, adjust, frame, establish, construct, systematize. ANT. Disorganize, dismem- ber, disband, break up, annul. Origin. Source, rise, commence' ment, spring, fountain, deriva» tion, cause, root, foundation. ANT. Termination, conclU' sion, extinction. Original. Primitive, new, pri« mary, pristine, genuine, in» ventive, peculiar, initiatory, [ 219 ] •ori] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ore primordial, ancient, former, first. ANT. Subsequent, later, de- rivative, modern, terminal. Originate. Begin, cause, com- mence, start, invent, create, spring, rise. ANT. Prosecute, conduct; conclude, finish, end. Ornament. Decoration, embel- lishment, adornment. ANT. Disgrace, brand, dis- figurement, detraction. Ornate. Adorned, beautiful, em- bellished, decorated, elaborate, rich, ornamented. ANT. Bare, bald, nude, plain, naked. Orthodox. Sound, conventional, approved, correct. ANT. Heretical, unorthodox, liberal, radical. Ostensible. Exhibited, avowed, professed, apparent, pretended, declared, manifest, specious, plausible, outward. ANT. Real, actual, genuine, veritable, concealed, hidden. Ostentation. Display, boasting, show, boast, vaunting, flourish, pageant, pomp, parade, page- antry. ANT. Diffidence, modesty, reserve, timidity, shrinking, re- tirement, quietness, unobtru- siveness. Ostracism. Banishment, exclu- sion, expulsion, blackball, ex- communication, separation. ANT. Admittance, enlist- ment, enrolment; welcome, fel- lowship. Outbreak. Outburst, eruption, tumult, commotion, rebellion, insurrection, riot, conflict. ANT. Quiet, order, pacifica- tion, subsidence, quelling. Outcast. Exile, vagabond, rep- robate, castaway, pariah, va- grant. Outcry. Clamor, tumult, vocif- eration, alarm, yell, scream, noise. ANT. Quiet, silence; accla- mation, plaudit. Outer. Outside, outward, exter- nal, exterior. ANT. Inward, inside, inter- nal, interior. Outlaw. Brigand, bandit, rob- ber, highwayman, marauder, freebooter. Outlet. Egress, exit, vent. ANT. Entrance, ingress. Outline. Contour, sketch, delin- eation, draft, plan. ANT. Form, substance, bulk, figure, field, ground, space; ob- ject, subject. Outrage. Outbreak, offense, vio- lence, mischief, abuse, affront, insult, indignity. ANT. Favor; self-restraint, self-control. Outrageous. Violent, furious, excessive, exorbitant, wanton, atrocious, monstrous, nefari- ous, heinous. ANT. Moderate, reasonable, justifiable. Outskirts. Border, edge, out- post, precincts, environs, sub- urbs. ANT. Interior, center, bulk, mass, body, heart. Outstanding. Uncollected, un- discharged, unappropriated, un- paid ; projecting ; opposing. ANT. Collected, appropri- ated, gathered, paid; support- ing; reentrant. Outward. Out, outer, external, exterior, public, visible, sen- sible, extraneous, superficial, apparent, extrinsic, ostensible. ANT. Internal, intrinsic, in- ward, withdrawn. Overcast. Cloudy, lowering, ob- scured, murky, darkened, over- spread, eclipsed. [ 220 ove] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS ANT. Cloudless, clear, lumi- nous. Overcome. Vanquish, conquer, surmount, excel, overthrow, subjugate, rule, domineer over. ANT. Lose, forfeit, surren- der, fail, submit, retreat, suc- cumb. Overflow, n. Redundancy, inun- dation, deluge, exuberance, su- perabundance. ANT. Subsidence, deficiency, exhaustion. Overruling. Governing, control- ling, superior, predominant, di- recting, prevailing. ANT. Governed, controlled, inferior, subordinate. Oversight. Charge, superin- tendence, management, super- vision, command, care, watch- fulness, surveillance, control, inspection, direction, watch ; omission, error, inadvertence. ANT. Mismanagement, neg- ligence, disregard, slight ; par- ticularity, attention to mi- nutice. Overt. Public, manifest, appar- ent, deliberate, open, avowed. ANT. Covert, secret, furtive, clandestine, implied. Overthrow. Upset, ruin, de- molish, destroy, overcome, de- feat. ANT. Restore, reinstate, re- vive. Overture. Proposal, proposition,, offer, opening, prelude, invita- tion, advance, initiation. ANT. Inaction, quiescence. Overweening. Rash, arrogant, egoistic, vain, haughty, con- ceited. ANT. Affable, courteous, so- ciable, condescending, gracious, polite, approachable. Overwhelm. Submerge, en- gulf, immerse, overpower, ex- tinguish, bury, crush, sink, subdue, vanquish, conquer, de- feat. ANT. Raise, reinstate, rees- tablish, rescue, extricate. Owe. Be indebted for, be obliged for, borrow, hypothecate, at- tribute. ANT. Repay, requite, defray, liquidate. Own. Possess, grant, acknowl- edge, admit, confess, avow. ANT. Lose, disown, abandon, forfeit, alienate, disinherit, ab- jure. Pacific. Appeasing, reconciling, tranquil, mild, calm, peaceful, conciliatory. ANT. Harsh, irritating, ex- asperating, quarrelsome, tur- bulent, tumultuous, war- like. Pacification. Conciliation, com- promise, reconcilement, adjust- ment, reconciliation. ANT. Warfare, fighting, hos- tilities, war. Pact. Agreement, league, com- pact, covenant, bargain, stipu- lation, alliance, bond. ANT. Understanding, prom- ise, parole, honor. Paean. Jubilation. ANT. Dirge. Pagan, a. Gentile, heathen, idol- ater. ANT. Christian, believer. Paganism. Heathenism, poly- theism, pantheism. ANT. Christianity, Christen- dom. [ 221 ] pag] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [par Pageant. Spectacle, exhibition, display, show, ceremony, proces- sion, parade. ANT. Illusion, mockery, fan- tasmagoria, dream. Pageantry. Pomp, parade, dis- play, show, spectacle, splendor, magnificence. Pain, n. Agony, ache, distress, suffering, torture, anguish, tor- ment, pang, throe, paroxysm, twinge, woe, grief. ANT. Ease, peace, rapture, enjoyment, relief, solace, com- fort, delight. Pain, v. Hurt, grieve, afflict, dis- quiet, trouble, distress, agonize, torment, torture. ANT. Please, delight, rejoice, charm, refresh. Painful. Disquieting, trouble- some, afflictive, distressing, la- borious, grievous, toilsome, ar- duous, difficult. ANT. Pleasant, pleasurable, acceptable, agreeable, grateful, desirable, delectable, delicious. Painstaking. Careful, diligent, attentive, faithful, laborious. ANT. Neglectful, heedless, un- mindful, disregardful, improv- ident, thoughtless, careless. Paint. Color, picture, depict, delineate, sketch, draw, por- tray. ANT. Misrepresent, carica- ture, daub. Pair. Two, couple, span, brace, yoke. ANT. One, several, many. Pale. Pallid, white, wan, color- less, dim, sallow. ANT. Ruddy, high-colored, conspicuous, brilliant. Palliate. Cover, conceal, exten- uate, hide, veil, screen, cloak, gloss over, apologize for, miti- gate. ANT. Alleviate; aggravate, heighten, increase, intensify. Palm. Laurels, bays, prize, tro- phy, crown. ANT. Shame, blot, stigma, brand. Palpable. Perceptible, obvious, plain, gross, material, corpo- real, manifest, evident, patent, distinct. ANT. Immaterial, intangible, ethereal, impalpable, indistinct, dubious, imperceptible. Paltry. Contemptible, worth- less, mean, vile, pitiful, trifling. ANT. Valuable, estimable, admirable, worthy, grand, ex- cellent, magnificent. Panegyric. Eulogy, encomium, praise, laudation, commenda- tion. ANT. Satire, sarcasm, tirade, stricture, invective, philippic. Pang. Agony, anguish, distress, paroxysm, throe. ANT. Pleasure, delight, re- freshment, enjoyment, gratifi- cation. Parable. Fable, allegory, apo- logue, similitude. ANT. History, fact, narra- tive. Parade, n. Ostentation, display, show, pomp, pageant, spectacle, procession. ANT. Modesty, humility, re- tirement, simplicity, plainness, seclusion, suppression. Paradise. Bliss, heaven, Eden, ecstasy, Elysium. ANT. Purgatory, hell, tor- ture, misery, torment. Paradox. Contradiction, ambi- guity, absurdity, enigma, mys- tery. ANT. Axiom, postulate, pre- cept, truism, proposition. Parallel. Correspondent, correl- lative, analogous, concurrent, equidistant. ANT. Different, opposed, di- vergent, irrelative, incongruous. F 222 ] par] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [par Paralyze. Deaden, benumb, un- nerve, destroy, impair, enfeeble, prostrate, debilitate. ANT. Nerve, strengthen, re- store, invigorate. Paramount. Supreme, pree"mi- nent, chief, superior, principal. ANT. Minor, inferior, secon- dary, subordinate. Parasite. Flatterer, sycophant, courtier. ANT. Calumniator, traducer, detractor. Pardon, n. Absolution, mercy, forgiveness, forbearance, remis- sion, acquittal, indulgence. ANT. Penalty, punishment, vengeance, retribution, retalia- tion. Pardon, v. Condone, forgive, ab- solve, excuse, overlook, remit, pass over or by, acquit. ANT. Convict, castigate, con- demn, chastise, correct, punish, doom, sentence, scourge, visit upon, recompense, chasten. Pardonable. Excusable, forgiv- able, venial. ANT. Inexcusable, unpar- donable. Parentage. Descent, extraction, lineage, birth, stock, pedigree. Parsimonious. Avaricious, fru- gal, sparing, close, stingy, pe- nurious, niggardly, illiberal. ANT. Liberal, profuse, un- sparing, extravagant. Part, n. Fraction, fragment, sec- tion, atom, segment, element, piece, portion, instalment, con- stituent, component, ingredient, member, particle, share, subdi- vision. ANT. Whole, mass, bulk, en- tirety, quantity, totality. Partake. Share, participate. ANT. Yield, forfeit, forego, relinquish. Partial. Biased, restricted, spe- cific, limited, imperfect, incom- plete, unfair, unjust, warped, interested, inequitable. ANT. Unrestricted, univer- sal, general, equitable, just, un- biased, impartial. Particle. Atom, corpuscle, iota, grain, jot, mite, molecule, ele- ment, whit, tittle, scrap, shred* scintilla. ANT. Mass, quantity, sum, entirety, sum total, whole, ag- gregate, total. Particular, n. Detail, point, fea- ture. ANT. Whole, subject, case. Particular, a. Sole, single, indi- vidual, respective, appropriate, personal, singular, important, peculiar, especial, specific, pre- cise, critical, circumstantial. ANT. Universal, general, com- prehensive, indiscriminate, ab- stract, inaccurate, inexact, un- dis criminating. Parting. Separation, leave-tak- ing, farewell, dividing, division, disruption, detachment. ANT. Union, attachment. Partisan. Adherent, follower, supporter, disciple. ANT. Opponent, antagonist^ adversary. Partition. Division, distribu- tion, separation, allotment, ap- portionment; compartment, in- terspace, barrier. ANT. Combination, inclu- sion, comprehension, collection, union. Partly. In part, somewhat, par- tially, not wholly. ANT. Altogether, entirely, completely, to the full extent. Partner. Associate, colleague, coadjutor, confederate, partici- pator, partaker, comrade, mate, companion. ANT. Rival, competitor, op~ ponent, adversary, alien. Partnership. Company, firm. [ 223 ] pas] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pan union, connection, society, in- terest, house, association, parti- cipation. ANT. Independence, discon- nection, disjunction, disunion, dissociation. Pass. Go, move, proceed, disap- pear, vanish, depart, take place, occur, elapse, spend, live, ex- perience; transcend, exceed; send, transmit, deliver; utter, promise, pledge; finish. ANT. Hold up; abide, wait, halt, continue, endure. Passable. Navigable, current, acceptable, tolerable, admissi- ble, moderate, traversible, me- diocre. ANT. Impassable, impene- trable, inadmissible, impervi- ous; excellent. Passage. Transit, conveyance, journey, way, road, path, hall, course, progress, process, vesti- bule, corridor. Passible. Susceptible, sensitive, sensible, impressible. ANT. Impassible, insuscepti- ble, unsensitive. Passion. Feeling, emotion, sus- ceptibility, sentiment, ardor, ex- citement, desire, anger, warmth, vehemence. ANT. Indifference, apathy, coldness, coolness, frigidity. Passive. Quiescent, unopposing, enduring, submissive, patient, unresisting, inert, inactive, re- laxed, negative. ANT. Resistant, positive, im- patient, vehement, active, alert. Past. Gone by, elapsed, ended, spent, departed, late, accom- plished. ANT. Present; future. Pastime. Entertainment, recre- ation, sport, play, amusement, diversion. ANT. Business, work, task, labor, occupation, study. Patent. Open, expanded, evident, apparent, manifest, public. ANT. Ambiguous, question- able, dubious. Paternal. Fatherly, tender, care- ful, hereditary. ANT. Careless, rough, harsh; acquired, conferred, won. Path. Footway, track, pathway, route, course, road; method. Pathetic. Affecting, emotional, moving, pitiful, tender, touch- ing, melting, plaintive. ANT. Ludicrous, ridiculous, farcical, unaffecting. Pathless. Untrodden, impene- trable, trackless. ANT. Trodden, frequented. Patience. Composure, calmness, leniency, fortitude, sufferance, submission, endurance, forbear- ance, resignation, long-suffer- ing. ANT. Anger, impatience, ire, passion, fury, frenzy, rage, tem- per, vexation, petulance, wrath, fretfulness, peevishness. Patient. Resigned, passive, en- during, unrepining, calm, for- bearing, long-suffering. ANT. Impatient, insubmis- sive, malcontent, vehement, re- sistant. Patrician. Noble, aristocratic, high-born, well-born. ANT. Plebeian, churlish, or- dinary, peasant. Patrimony. Heritage, inherit- ance, estate. Pattern. Archetype, exem- plar, specimen, sample, design, mold. ANT. Caricature, misrepre- sentation, monstrosity, perver- sion. Paucity. Scantiness, deficiency, fewness, lack, want, rarity. ANT. Fulness, number, fre- qitcnry. abundance, quantity. Pause, M. Stop, cessation, inter- [ 224 ] pau] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pen ruption, suspension, hesitation, suspense, doubt. ANT. Continuance, continu- ity, perseverance, progress, pro- gression, advancement. Pause, v. Stop, cease, intermit, wait, stay, tarry, demur, hesi- tate. ANT. Continue, proceed, per- sist, persevere, advance. Pay, n. Earnings, stipend, sal- ary, wages, allowance, retainer, remuneration, payment, com- pensation, hire, fee, requital, honorarium. Pay, v. Recompense, requite, sat- isfy, compensate, discharge, re- munerate, fulfil, expend, liqui- date, disburse. ANT. Deprive, defraud, re- tain, exact, hoard, invest. Payment. Pay, compensation, satisfaction, content, salary, re- ward, wages, recompense, re- quital, return. Peace. Quiet, calm, repose, tran- quillity, stillness, silence, har- mony, amity, concord, reconcil- iation, order, pacification. ANT. Noise, disturbance, dis- order, ivar, strife, discord, vari- ance, tumult, agitation, hostil- ity. Peaceable. Peaceful, pacific, un- disturbed, tranquil, quiet, mild, serene, still. ANT. Warlike, quarrelsome, hostile, savage, fierce, violent, restless. Peasant. Countryman, rustic, swain, laborer, villager. ANT. Citizen, townsman. Peculiar. Special, especial, in- dividual, particular, appropri- ate, unusual, singular, strange, rare. ANT. General, universal, or- dinary, public, common. Peculiarity. Individuality, sin- gularity, idiosyncrasy, distinc- tiveness, specialty, characteris- tic, particularity. ANT. Universality, general- ity, uniformity, homogeneity, community. Pedigree. Lineage, descent, an- cestry, genealogy, birth, paren- tage. ANT. Ancestor, founder, ori- gin; plebeianism; extinction. Peer. Equal, match, mate, com- rade, associate; nobleman. ANT. Superior; subordinate. Peerless. Unmatched, matchless, unequaled, unique, superlative, paramount. ANT. Ordinary, mediocre, commonplace. Peevish. Querulous, cross, testy, ill-tempered, captious, discon- tented, petulant, irritable, ill- natured, irascible. ANT. Good-natured, easy, ge- nial, mild, complaisant, gentle. Penal. Punitive, retributive, cor- rective. ANT. Preventive, reparatory; honorary, remunerary. Penalty. Retribution, forfeiture, fine, punishment, amercement, mulct. ANT. Reuxird, tcages, guer- don, prize, honorarium, remu- neration, compensation. Pendent. Pendulous, overhang- ing, hanging, suspended, de- pending. ANT. Supported, sustaining, propped. Penetrate. Enter, pierce, com- prehend, discern, understand, perforate, permeate, fathom. ANT. Glance off, be tangent to, find impermeable; misun- derstand, mistake; float. Penetration. Discernment, sa- gacity, acuteness, discrimina- tion, sharpness, observation, in- sight. ANT. Obtuseness, shortsight* [ 225 ] pen] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [per ednets; stupidity, shallowness, dulness. Penitence. Repentance, contri tion, remorse, sorrow, regret, compunction. ANT. Self-approval, gratula- tion; obduracy, hardhearted- ness. Penitent, Penitential. Repent- ant, contrite, doing penance. ANT. Impenitent, obdurate, hardhearted. Pensive. Thoughtful, sad, wist- ful, meditative, dreamy, sober; serious, mournful, melancholy, solemn, reflective. ANT. Joyous, glad, happy, gay, care-free, thoughtless, un- reflecting. Penurious. Covetous, parsimo- nious, stingy, avaricious, nig- gardly, sordid. ANT. Liberal, bountiful, gen- erous, prodigal. Penury. Want, privation, indi- gence, poverty, destitution, beg- gary, need. ANT. Wealth, abundance, af- fluence, luxury, competence. People. Nation, race, popula- tion, state, tribe, community, commonwealth. Perceivable, Perceptible. Dis- cernible, distinguishable, cog- nizable, observable. ANT. Imperceptible, indis- tinguishable, insensible, inap- preciable. Perceive. Comprehend, appre- hend, conceive, understand. ANT. Ignore, lose, miss, fail of, overlook, misconceive, mis- apprehend. Perception. Discernment, ap- prehension, recognition, under- standing, comprehension, feel- ing, sensation, sense. ANT. Conception, concept, imagination, idea, notion; mis- understanding. Percolate. Filter, strain, exude, drain, ooze. ANT. Flow, rush, stream, run, disgorge. Percussion. Shock, clash, col- lision, concussion, encounter. ANT. Recoil, rebound, rever- beration. Perdition. Loss, ruin, destruc- tion, overthrow, wreck, demoli- tion. ANT. Restoration, recovery, rescue, salvation. Peremptory. Decisive, positive, absolute, final, authoritative, arbitrary, express, dogmatical, determined, resolute. ANT. Hortatory, mild, en- treative, expostulatory, sugges- tive. Perennial. Perpetual, unceas- ing, never failing, enduring, continual, constant, permanent, uninterrupted. ANT. Occasional, intermit- tent, periodic, uncertain; per- ishing, ephemeral, transient, fleeting. Perfect. Finished, complete, en- tire, faultless, consummate, ac- curate, ideal, finished, absolute, completed, correct, immaculate, sinless, blameless, holy, unde- filed, stainless, spotless, un- blemished. ANT. Imperfect, bad, defi- cient, blemished, faulty, cor- rupt, poor, inferior, incomplete, perverted, worthless, spoiled, insufficient, meager, defective, short, scant, marred, defaced, corrupted, deformed, fallible, ruined. Perfection. Excellence, complete- ness, faultlessness, maturity, wholeness, consummation, per- fectness. ANT. Defect, imperfection, incompleteness, blemish. Perfectly. Thoroughly, exqui- [ 226 ] per] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [per sitely, completely, faultlessly, entirely, fully, wholly, exactly, accurately. ANT. Imperfectly, faultily, partially, inaccurately. Perfidious. False, treacherous, faithless, disloyal, dishonest, untrustworthy. ANT. True, loyal, stanch, up- right, faithful, honest, trust- worthy. Perform. Complete, accomplish, execute, do, discharge, fulfil ; represent, act, play, enact, con- summate, achieve. ANT. Spoil, injure, harm, ruin, mar ; fail of, misconduct. Performance. Completion, con- summation, execution, accom- plishment, achievement, work, production, act, action, deed, exploit, feat. ANT. Failure, defeat, omis- sion, abortion, undoing, non- performance. Perfume. Odor, redolence, balmi- ness, fragrance, smell, aroma, scent. ANT. Stench, stink, fume. Perfunctory. Mechanical, care- less, listless, indifferent. ANT. Animated, spirited, as- siduous, careful, ardent, zeal- ous, interested. Perhaps. By chance, peradven- ture, perchance, maybe, haply, possibly. ANT. Certainly, inevitably. Peril. Hazard, risk, jeopardy, danger, venture, insecurity, li- ability. ANT. Safety, assurance, cer- tainty, security. Period. Time, cycle, age, epoch, limit, end, conclusion ; era, du- ration, date, term, continuance, termination, conclusion, bound. ANT. Eternity, infinity, per- petuity, endlessness, everlast- ing. Periodical. Recurring, regular, stated, recurrent, systematic, calculable, serial. ANT. Indeterminate, eccen- tric, fitful, spasmodic, irregu- lar. Permanent. Enduring, abiding, changeless, constant, durable, steadfast, unchangeable, im- mutable, invariable, fixed, un- changing, stable, lasting, per- sistent, perpetual. ANT. Transient, brief, fleet- ing, evanescent, passing, tran- sitory, momentary, temporary, ephemeral. Permission. Authority, allow- ance, consent, liberty, leave, li- cense, permit, authorization. ANT. Hindrance, opposition, objection, denial, prevention, prohibition, refusal, resistance. Pernicious. Mischievous, bane- ful, destructive, noisome, dele- terious, harmful, hurtful, poi- sonous, noxious, pestilential, unhealthful, unwholesome, det- rimental, deadly, evil, foul, in- jurious, insalubrious, pestifer- ous, perverting, ruinous. ANT. Helpful, invigorating, salutary, advantageous, good, favorable, life-giving, rejuven- ating, useful, serviceable, be- neficent, wholesome, beneficial, healthful. Perpetual. Continual, endless, unceasing, unfailing, incessant, constant, eternal, everlasting, perennial, permanent, endur- ing. ANT. Periodic, transient, re- current, temporary, occasional, casual, momentary. Perplex. Entangle, involve, com- plicate, embarrass, puzzle, be- wilder, confuse, distract, annoy, confound, trouble, worry, dis- turb, pester, bother, mystify. ANT. Enlighten, clear, e»- [ 227 ] per] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pic plicate, simplify, elucidate, il- lumine, unfold, explain, mani- fest, calm, quiet, control, please, instruct, solve, illustrate, make intelligible, account for. Perplexity. Confusion, bewil- derment, disturbance, distrac- tion, doubt, embarrassment, as- tonishment, amazement. ANT. Composure, calmness; discernment, insight. Perseverance. Persistency, te- nacity, steadfastness, steadi- ness, constancy, pertinacity, in- defatigableness, resolution. ANT. Fitfulness, caprice, in- stability, variableness, irregu- larity, indecision, vacillation, wavering, irresoluteness. Perspicacity. Acuteness, keen- ness, discernment, penetration, perspicaciousness, insight, sa- gacity, astuteness, distinctness, explicitness. ANT. Dulness, stupefaction, obtuseness, hebetude, stolidity, inobservance, insensibility. Perspicuity. Plainess, lucidity, clearness, explicitness, intelli- gibility, transparency, perspic- uousness. ANT. Obscurity, turbidness, unintelligibility, incomprehen- sibility, indefiniteness, doubt- fulness, mysticism, confusion. Persuade. Dispose, allure, en- tice, urge, move, influence, pre- vail upon, coax, bring over, in- cline, convince, lead, induce, in- cite, win over, impel. ANT. Deter, discourage, re- strain, hinder, repel, dissuade, hold back. Pertinent. Apposite, relevant, suitable, appropriate, proper, fit, adapted. ANT. Unrelated, unsuitable, impertinent, incongruous, alien, unconnected, discordant, inhar- monious. Pertness. Impertinence, bold- ness, forwardness, sauciness, flippancy, impudence, briskness, liveliness, smartness, sprightli- ness. ANT. Diffidence, humility, modesty, shyness, bashfulness, demureness. Perverse. Obstinate, contrary, fractious, froward, intractable, petulant, wilful, wayward, un- governable, stubborn, factious, untoward. ANT. Compliant, genial, ac- commodating, governable, kind, obliging, complaisant, amen- able. Petition, n. Prayer, supplica- tion, entreaty; solicitation, ap- plication, suit, appeal, address. ANT. Protest, claim, expos- tulation, demand, injunction, dictation, exaction, dissension, dissent. Philanthropy. Love, good will, charity, benevolence, humanity, public-spiritedness. ANT. Misanthropy, ill will, selfishness. Philosopher. Student, theorist, speculator, teacher, master, sa- vant, schoolman, doctor; adept. ANT. Learner, pupil, begin- ner; ignoramus, dunce. Philosophical. Rational, wise, temperate, calm, cool, reason- able, sound, collected, composed, sedate, tranquil, Platonic. ANT. Popular, crude, loose, inaccurate, illogical, irrational, unsound, unscientific, thought- less, hotheaded, impulsive. Physical. Material, natural, cor- poral, sensible, visible, tangible, bodily, corporeal. ANT. Mental, spiritual, im- material, unsubstantial, hyper- physical, intangible, moral, un- real, intellectual, invisible. Picturesque. Graphic, vivid, ar- [ 228 ] pie] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tistic, beautiful, scenic, picto- rial, graceful, comely, seemly. ANT. Unseemly, ugly, inar- tistic, ungraceful, tame, flat, in- Piety. Sanctity, godliness, holi- ness, religion, reverence, devo- tion, grace. ANT. Impiety, sacrilege, sin- fulness, ungodliness, hypocrisy, formalism, sanctimoniousness. Piquant. Tart, sharp, pungent, stimulating, biting, racy, sting- ing, cutting, severe. ANT. Flat, tame, dull, in- sipid. Pique. Resentment, umbrage, ir- ritation, displeasure, grudge, offense. ANT. Delight, gratification, pleasure, satisfaction, content- ment, approval, complacency. Piteous. Sorrowful, mournful, affecting, doleful, lamentable, woful, rueful, sad, pitiable, piti- ful. ANT. Joyous, glad, merry, happy, cheerful, comfortable, desirable, pleasant, agreeable, delectable. Pitiful. Lamentable, mournful, base, contemptible, piteous, pa- thetic, pitiable, touching, sor- rowful, woful, wretched, despic- able, moving, paltry. ANT. Exalted, glorious, help- ful, great, grand, sublime, supe- rior, beneficent, commanding, august, dignified, noble, lofty, mighty, superb. Pity. Sympathy, mercy, tender- ness, condolence, compassion, commiseration. ANT. Cruelty, severity, mer- cilessness, sternness, hardness, rigor, inhumanity, brutality, barbarity, harshness, pitiless- ness, ruthlessness, hard-heart- edness, ferocity, truculence. Placid. Pleased, contented, un- ruffled, undisturbed, peaceful, serene, tranquil, quiet, gentle, collected, calm, composed, pas- sionless. ANT. Discontent, disturbed, distressed, anxious, distracted, perplexed, distrait; vehement, wild, passionate, impulsive, agi- tated, ruffled, excited, impas- sioned. Plain. Artless, undisguised, sin- cere, frank, honest, ingenuous, candid, unembellished, simple, downright, blunt, distinct, ap- parent, manifest, open, clear, evident, visible, obvious, unmis- takable, conspicuous, level, flat, smooth; easy, natural, homely, ugly; simple, frugal. ANT. Unnatural, pretended, affected, assumed, feigned, arti- ficial, insincere, vain, preten- tious, conceited; ornate, orna- mented, decorated, embellished; involved, obscure, hidden, invis- ible, inconspicuous, uneven, un- dulating, rugged, broken, am- biguous, abrupt, obstructed, un- certain, enigmatical, abstruse; beautiful, sophisticated, artful. Plant, v. Seed, set, sow, seed down, set out. ANT. Eradicate, uproot, ex- tirpate, weed out, root up. Plausible. Specious, seeming, pretending, fair-spoken, pass- able, pretentious, ostensible, ap- parent; colorable, feasible. ANT. Genuine, transparent, true, sterling, veritable, unmis- takable, authentic, sincere, un- affected. Plead. Advocate, ask, beg, urge, argue, solicit, entreat, implore, press. ANT. Grant, bestow, an- swer. Pleasant. Kindly, obliging, at- tractive, pleasing, pleasurable, agreeable, kind, good-natured. [ 229 1 pie] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pol ANT. Disagreeable, gloomy, glum, harsh, hateful, repulsive, unpleasant, repellent, offensive, unkind, forbidding, dreary, ar- rogant, austere, grim, ill-na- tured, ill-humored, repelling. Pleasure. Satisfaction, comfort, solace, joy, gladness, delight, will, chdice, purpose, command, kindness, enjoyment, gratifica- tion, happiness, self-indulgence, voluptuousness. ANT. Suffering, affliction, pain, sorrow, sadness, distress, misery, compulsion, force, coer- cion; mourning, depression, de- jection, melancholy, misfortune, poverty, want. Plenitude. Fulness, abundance, completeness, plenty, repletion, plethora; luxury, affluence, ex- uberance, wealth, richness, pro- fusion, amplitude, enough, sup- ply, sufficiency. ANT. Want, need, scarcity, scantiness, dearth, insufficiency, restriction, poverty, partiality, stint, reserve, narrowness, pen- ury, impecuniosity. Plentiful. Bountiful, generous, large, abundant, adequate, copi- ous, enough, full, profuse, rich, sufficient, complete, exuberant, plenteous, replete, teeming, af- fluent, ample, lavish, liberal, luxuriant, overflowing, abound- ing. ANT. Deficient, drained, im- poverished, scanty, insufficient, small, sparing, stingy, strait- ened, poor, scant, exhausted, in- adequate, mean, miserly, nar- row, niggardly, scarce, short, scrimped. Plot. Intrigue, conspiracy, cabal, contrivance, scheme, stratagem, project, combination, machina- tion; story. ANT. Blunder, botch; mis- arrangemeni, miscontrivance. Poet. Bard, author of poems, singer, rimster, rimer, versifier. Poetical. Metrical, rhythmical, lyric, rimed, versified; imag- inative, fictitious, creative. ANT. Prosaic, unpoetical, unrimed, unversified, unrhyth- mic; commonplace, matter-of- fact, unimaginative, realistic; mathematical, historical. Poetry. Meter, rime, numbers, poesy, song, verse, poem, met- rical composition. ANT. Prose, prosaic speech, prosaic writing. Poignant. Pricking, piercing, sharp, pungent; pointed, keen, satirical. ANT. Blunt, dull, obtuse, in- sipid, pointless, vapid, inexpres- sive. Poisonous. Venomous, baneful, corrupting, noxious, pestilen- tial, malignant, virulent, pes- tiferous, deleterious, mephitic. ANT. Salubrious, loholesome, healthful, beneficial, sanative, genial, remedial, hygienic. Polite. Courteous, civil, courtly, obliging, gracious, polished, ac- complished, complaisant, culti- vated, cultured, elegant, gen- teel, urbane, well-behaved, well- mannered, well-bred. ANT. Awkward, clownish, unmannerly, uncouth, boorish, blunt, impertinent, bsusk, bluff, impolite, insolent, eoarse, ill- bred, ill-behaved, rude, rustic, impudent, ill-mannered, untu- tored, uncivil, untaught, dis- courteous, unpolished, insult- ing. Politeness. Courtesy, civility, gentility, refinement, courtli- ness, elegance, urbanity, good breeding, decorum, complai- sance, affability. ANT. Rudeness, arrogance, incivility, churlishness, ungra- [ 230 ] poo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pra ciousness, insolence, sauciness, impertinence, effrontery, pre- sumption. Poor. Needy, indigent, desti- tute; lean, emaciated; feeble, dejected; shabby, mean; unfa- vorable, uncomfortable ; bar- ren; sterile; inadequate, insig- nificant, insufficient; meek. ANT. Rich, wealthy, afflu- ent, opulent; splendid, costly, valuable, estimable; fruitful, abundant, luxuriant, produc- tive, prolific; copious, abound- ing, ample, well- supplied, com- fortable, favorable; adequate, sufficient; important, signifi- cant, arrogant, self-assertive. Popular. Cheap, common, ordi- nary, inferior; familiar, plain, easy, comprehensible; favorite, liked, approved, accepted, ac- credited ; current, prevalent, general, prevailing; pertaining to the people, vulgar, plebeian; mediocre. ANT. Unpopular, exclusive, aristocratic, snobbish; special, excellent, unique, superior, emi- nent; selfish, narrow, illiberal, uncharitable; sole, only, scien- c tific, restricted, esoteric; odi- ous, detested. Position. Situation, station, as- sertion, place, posture, locality, site ; attitude ; state, condition, circumstances ; principle, doc- trine, proposition, dictum, affir- mation, thesis; rank. Positive. Real, actual, absolute, explicit, definite, confident, cer- tain, dogmatic; defined, precise, clear; veritable, substantial, true ; indisputable, incontro- vertible; indubitable; decisive, unconditional, imperative, un- equivocal, settled, assured, ex- press. ANT. Negative, denying, in- direct, disavowing, disclaiming, privative; relative; unreal, fic- titious, imaginative, contingent, dependent, implied, conditional, dubious, unsubstantial, indefi- nite, equivocal. Possession. Control, ownership, tenure, retention, management, occupation; (pi. ) property, es- tate, wealth, dominion. ANT. Dispossession, resigna- tion, surrender, abandoning, re- nouncing. Potent. Powerful, mighty, puis- sant, strong, able, efficient, effi- cacious, forcible, cogent, influ- ential, effective, active, ener- getic. ANT. Impotent, powerless, weak, feeble, infirm; inefficient, incapable, incompetent, inca- pacitated. Potential. Possible, implicit, un- developed, virtual, immanent, inherent, intrinsic. ANT. Actual, explicit, real, objective, developed, express, determinate, positive, clear, definite. Poverty. Distress, beggary, in- digence, destitution, pauperism, penury, privation, want, need, mendicancy. ANT. Wealth, riches, afflu- ence, luxury, comfort. Power. Ability, competency, ca- pacity, faculty, aptitude, dex- terity, efficiency, might, talent, energy, skill, strength, readi- ness, capability, cleverness, ex- pertness, efficacy, force, qualifi- cation, cogency, susceptibility. ANT. Feebleness, weakness, helplessness, impotence, incom- petence, inability, inaptitude, dulness, awkwardness, imbecil- ity, incapacity, inefficiency, un- skilfulness, maladroitness, stu- pidity. Practice, n. Usage, habit, cus- tom; performance, application, [ 231 ] pra] [pra system ; manner, method, mode, experience. ANT. Theory, speculation, assumption, ideal, conjecture, abstraction, Practice, v. Do, perform, exer- cise, carry out, execute; teach, train; habituate, try; apply, use; pursue. ANT. Abandon, misuse, dis- use, neglect, disregard, slight, omit, pass over. Praise, n. Applause, approval, cheering, compliment, acclaim, adulation, acclamation, appro- bation, cheers, plaudit, eulogy, encomium, flattery, laudation, panegyric, sycophancy. ANT. Abuse, blame, censure, contempt, reproach, ignominy, slander, scorn, obloquy, animad- version, condemnation, denun- ciation, disapprobation, dispar- agement, vituperation, reproof, disapproval, repudiation, hiss- ing, vilification. Praise, v. Laud, eulogize, cele- brate, magnify, glorify; honor, commend; applaud, extol, com- pliment. ANT. Decry, blame, censure, reprove, disparage, depreciate, discredit, traduce, condemn. Pray. Ask, beg, beseech, entreat, implore, invoke, petition, sup- plicate, request, importune, bid, plead, call upon, conjure. Precarious. Doubtful, dubious, hazardous, perilous, risky, in- secure, uncertain, unsettled, un- steady, unstable, unassured. ANT. Firm, settled, stable, sure, certain, real, undoubted, unquestionable, actual, assured, immutable, incontestable, unde- niable, infallible, strong, steady. Precaution. Foresight, prudence, forethought, providence, wari- ness, care. ANT. Thoughtlessness, im- providence, carelessness, impru- dence. Precedent, n. Example, antece- dent, case, instance, pattern,, authority, warrant. Precept. Commandment, law, injunction, mandate, rule, di- rection, principle, maxim; doc- trine, dogma; order; instruc- tion. ANT. Hint, suggestion, allu- sion, insinuation, prompting, impulse, instigation. Precise. Accurate, exact, correct, definite, scrupulous, punctili- ous, particular, nice, formal; explicit, terse. ANT. Inaccurate, inexact, in- correct, heedless, careless, in- cautious, implicit, ambiguous, circumlocutory, loose, vague, in- formal, unceremonious. Predatory. Plundering, pillaging, ravaging, rapacious, maraud- ing. ANT. Protecting, guarding, watching, keeping, sheltering, shielding, saving. Predestination. Fate, neces- sity, foreknowledge, foreordina- tion. ANT. Choice, freedom, free will, independence, uncertainty, accident, chance, free agency. Prediction. Prophecy, prognos- tication, foreboding, divination, augury, soothsaying, vaticina- tion, foretelling, presage. ANT. Reminiscence, recol- lection, report; history, nar- ration, account. Preface. Introduction, proem, preamble, prologue, exordium, prelude. ANT. Sequel, postscript, ap- pendix, peroration, epilogue, conclusion. Prefer. Choose, elect, select, de- sire, pick out, fancy, single out, fix upon; elevate, advance, [ 232 1 pre] AND ANTONYMS promote; offer, proffer, pre- sent, address. ANT. Reject, discard, decline, refuse, repudiate; degrade, de- press; postpone, defer, with- hold. Prejudice. Bias, partiality, un- fairness, preconception, pre- possession, presumption. ANT. Certainty, evidence, proof, conviction, conclusion, demonstration, reason, reason- ing. Preliminary. Prior, introduc- tory, preparatory, prefatory, proemial, previous, precedent, antecedent. ANT. Subsequent, follow- ing, consequent, appended, suc- ceeding. Premium. Reward, remunera- tion, recompense, prize, bonus, bounty, guerdon, meed, bribe, douceur, enhancement, gratuity. ANT. Penalty, fine, mulct, amercement, forfeiture, depre- ciation, decline, fall, loss. Preposterous. Irrational, fool- ish, monstrous, absurd, per- verted, extravagant, ridicu- lous, exorbitant. ANT. Reasonable, moderate, right, just, due, fair, judicious, mediocre, commonplace. Presence. Person, personality, individuality, port, mien, ap- pearance, nearness, immedi- acy; vicinity, neighborhood. ANT. Absence, distance, re- moteness, separation; society, world; temperament, charac- ter. Preservation. Security, safety, maintenance, conservation, in- tegrity, protection, care, guar- dianship, watch and ward, soundness. ANT. Exposure, abandon- ment, impairment, peril, dam- age, injury. Presumption. Assumption, ar- rogance, effrontery, audacity, assurance; presupposition, hy- pothesis, guess, conjecture, be- lief, opinion, judgment, under- standing, concession, condi- tion. ANT. Modesty, deference, diffidence, bashfulness, hesita- tion; proof, deduction, demon- stration, verification, certainty f fact. Pretend. Claim, represent, al- lege, simulate, feign, profess; counterfeit. ANT. Verify, substantiate, refute, detect, expose, unmask, test. Pretense. Disguise, excuse, af- fectation, mask, show, preten- sion, semblance, wile, trick, subterfuge, simulation, ruse, assumption, pretext, seeming, dissimulation, air, cloak, color. ANT. Candor, sincerity, in- genuousness, frankness, hon- esty, truth, openness, reality, simplicity, guilelessness, fact, actuality. Prevalence. Success, superior- ity, predominance, preponder- ance; influence, force, power, strength, efficacy; universality, extension, acceptation, custom, operation. ANT. Decay, desuetude, dis- appearance, evanescence, sub- ordination, collapse, destruc- tion, abolition, subsidence, sub- jection, diminution. Previous. Antecedent, before, earlier, precedent, preliminary, introductory, prior, preceding, front, forward, former, fore- going, anterior. ANT. After, concluding, fol- lowing, consequent, later, pos- terior, latter, succeeding, sub- sequent, hindmost, hinder, hind. I 233 pri] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pro Price. Expense, outlay, worth, expenditure, value, charge, cost. Pride. Arrogance, insolence, re- serve, haughtiness, self-esteem, presumption, superciliousness, vanity, ostentation, conceit, self-respect, self-exaltation, dis- dain, vainglory, self-conceit, self-complacency. ANT. Humility, lowliness, modesty, self-distrust, meek- ness, self -abasement. Primary. First, fundamental, primitive, original, prepara- tory; chief, principal, pristine; elementary, leading. ANT. Secondary, posterior, subsequent, later, following; unimportant, subordinate, in- ferior; supplemental, auxiliary. Prime, n. Perfection, culmina- tion, apex, zenith; dawn, open- ing, youth, spring, beginning; cream, flower. ANT. Wane, winter, even- ing; decadence, decay. Primeval. Immemorial, orig- inal, old, primal, patriarchal, native, primitive, pristine, un- created, ancient, aboriginal, au- tochthonic, indigenous, prime, primary, primordial. ANT. Foreign, fresh, late, modern, new, novel, recent, ex- otic, adventitious. Principal. Highest, most im- portant, chief, main; leading, foremost, preeminent, capital, essential; primary, first. ANT. Subordinate, inferior, secondary, auxiliary, supple- mental, minor, dependent, sub- servient, ancillary. Principle. Source, cause, ori- gin; faculty, endowment; pos- tulate, truth, maxim, axiom; rule, law; element; doctrine, dogma, opinion ; ground, mo- tive, reason; integrity, recti- tude, uprightness, probity, vir- tue, worth, honor. ANT. Result, sequence, devel- opment, issue; application, ac- tion, operation, exercise, mani- festation, exhibition; iniquity, immorality. Prize. Trophy, honor, reward, premium, guerdon, palm, laur- els; capture; gain, advantage; spoil, plunder, booty. ANT. Loss, failure, fine, for- feiture; brand, stigma, infamy. Probation. Examination, trial, ordeal, test, assay, proof, ex- periment. ANT. License, irresponsi- bility, non-probation. Proclaim. Publish, announce, declare, promulgate, herald, ad- vertise, enunciate, utter, blaze abroad, report, make known. ANT. Silence, repress, sup- press, conceal, secrete; retract, recall. Prodigal, a. Extravagant, pro- fuse, lavish, bountiful, waste- ful, squandering. ANT. Economical, thrifty, saving, frugal; close, miserly, niggardly. Profession. Avowal, declara- tion, claim; occupation, voca- tion, employment; law, theol- ogy, or medicine; assertion, ac- knowledgment; representation, pretense, protestation. ANT. Denial, concealment, suppression; retraction, recan- tation, disavowal; leisure, fad, hobby, avocation; trade, busi- ness. Proficient. Expert, adept, skil- ful, skilled, competent, conver- sant, qualified, practiced, ac- complished, finished, trained. ANT. Unskilled, inexpert, awkward, ignorant, backward, inconversant, incompetent, un- trained, unpracticed, inept. [ 234 ] pro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pro Profit. Gain, advantage, bene- fit, emolument, improvement, proceeds, utility, usefulness, re- turns, value, receipts, avail, expediency, good, service. ANT. Damage, destruction, harm, hurt, loss, injury, waste, ruin, detriment, disadvantage. Profitable. Lucrative, beneficial, useful, advantageous, produc- tive, desirable, gainful, remun- erative. ANT. Useless, vain, fruit- less, unproductive, unremuner- ative, unprofitable, undesirable, disadvantageous, detrimental, unbeneficial. Profound. Deep, descending ; thorough ; fathomless, abys- mal ; mysterious, abstruse, oc- cult, obscure, recondite; com- plete ; penetrating, intimate, intense, philosophical. ANT. Superficial, shallow, commonplace, external, slight, apparent, obvious, incomplete; surface. Progress. Advance, advance- ment, attainment, increase, im- provement, proficiency, progres- sion, growth, development. ANT. Delay, check, retro- gression, stay, stop, stoppage, falling off, relapse, decline, falling back. Prohibit. Forbid, hinder, in- hibit, interdict, preclude, pre- vent, debar, disallow. ANT. Allow, empower, let, license, order, require, sanction, authorize, command, direct, en- join, permit, warrant, suffer, tolerate, put up with, give per- mission, give consent, consent to. Prolific. Fertile, fruitful, pro- ductive, generating, teeming, active. ANT. Barren, sterile, unpro- ductive, unfruitful, effete. Prolix. Long, diffuse, tiresome, prolonged, protracted; wordy, verbose, prosaic, rambling, dis- cursive; tedious, wearisome. ANT. Condensed, terse, con- cise, brief, laconic, curt, epi- grammatic. Prominent. Projecting, mani- fest, protuberant, conspicuous; eminent, distinguished, famous, celebrated, important, main, principal, leading, characteris- tic. ANT. Receding, hollowed, concave, indented, engraved; insignificant, secondary, unim- portant, minor, indistinguish- able, indistinct, subordinate, in- conspicuous, trivial, immate- rial, unessential. Promote. Encourage, forward, foster, push, advance, aid, as- sist, foment, excite, furth'er, help, raise, urge forward, urge on, elevate, exalt. ANT. Abase, allay; hinder, prevent, foil, frustrate. Prompt. Ready, quick, agile, alert, brisk, nimble, expedi- tious; willing, hasty, inclined, disposed, responsive, unhesitat- ing. ANT. Dilatory, slow, tardy, lingering, loitering, inactive, sluggish, unready, unrespon- sive, procrastinating, behind- hand, backward. Pronounce. Deliver, speak, ut- ter, articulate, enunciate; de- clare, affirm; propound, assert, express. ANT. Mispronounce, gab- ble, mumble; silence, suppress; deny, retract. Propagate. Increase, diffuse, disseminate, promote; spread, extend, generate, promulgate, circulate. ANT. Strangle, stifle, extin- guish, suppress, repress, checkt [ 235 ] pro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pro hush up; contract, diminish, reduce; contradict, deny. Proper. Own, individual, pecul- iar, particular; right, fit, de- cent; personal, constitutional, special, specific; suitable, ap- propriate, seemly, legitimate ; decent, respectable. ANT. Common, universal, general; unfitting, inappropri- ate, unsuitable, unseemly, inde- cent, wrong, improper, unbe- coming, unbefitting. Propitiation. Expiation, sat- isfaction, atonement, reconcili- ation. ANT. Reprobation, retribu- tion, vengeance, wrath, aliena- tion, estrangement, curse, pen- alty, punishment, offense, con- demnation, chastisement. Propitious. Auspicious, kind, benign, gracious, friendly, be- nignant, clement, kindly, fa- vorable, merciful. ANT. Adverse, antagonistic, hostile, repellent, unfriendly, unpropitious, unfavorable, ill- disposed, forbidding, inauspi- cious. Proportion. Ratio, symmetry, relation, harmony, share, lot; equality, similarity ; adjust- ment, distribution; arrange- ment, adaptation. ANT. Disproportion, dispar- ity, disorder, incongruity, dis- crepancy, absurdity, contrari- ety. Proposal. Bid, offer, overture, proposition. ANT. Acceptance, denial, re- fusal, rejection, repulse, disap- proval. Proposition. Proposal, state- ment, offer, declaration; over- ture, suggestion, proffer, ten- der; position, thesis, dictum, assertion, affirmation, doctrine. ANT. Withdrawal, recanta- tion, abjuration, disavowal, rev- ocation. Prosperity. Thrift, weal, wel- fare, happiness, well-being, suc- cess, good fortune. ANT. Woe, misfortune, ill luck, failure, adversity, calam- ity, reverses, affliction, distress, disaster, misery. Protest, v. Assert, aver, attest, testify; affirm, declare; assev- erate, avow, profess; expostu- late, remonstrate, repudiate, deprecate, denounce. ANT. Retract, utithdraic, ab- jure, revoke; coincide, sanction, agree, endorse, subscribe, ac- quiesce. Protract. Defer, continue, delay, extend, elongate, lengthen, pro- crastinate, postpone, prolong, draw out. ANT. Abbreviate, contract, conclude, hasten, hurry, reduce, shorten, abridge, curtail, limit. Proud. Arrogant, haughty, pre- sumptuous, lordly; worthy, ad- mirable, grand, splendid, mag- nificent, ostentatious ; lofty, su- percilious, imperious, boast- ful, elated, imposing, vainglo- rious. ANT. Humble, unassuming, unobtrusive, meek, lowly, mild, submissive, unpretending, def- erential, affable, unpresuming, mean. Proverb. Axiom, byword, dic- tum, adage, aphorism, maxim, motto, precept, truism, saying, saw, apothegm. Provide. Prepare, supply, af- ford, contribute, furnish; en- gage, bargain, agree ; stipulate ; procure. ANT. Neglect, withhold, re- fuse, mismanage, appropriate, overlook; divert, alienate, mis- use; fail, disappoint. Provocation. Vexation, incite- [ 2.18 1 pro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS ment, stimulus, incentive; af- front, insult, offense, indig- nity. ANT. Pacification, mitiga- tion, assuagement; deference, compliment, homage, honor, re- spect. Prowess. Heroism, valor, gal- lantry, bravery, courage, in- trepidity. ANT. Fear, effeminacy, ti- midity, cowardice, cowardli- ness, pusillanimity. Prudence. Discretion, frugal- ity, forethought, judgment, ju- diciousness, providence, care, caution, foresight, wisdom, con- sideration, carefulness, circum- spection. ANT. Folly, heedlessness, prodigality, recklessness, indis- cretion, wastefulness, improvi- dence, imprudence, thoughtless- ness, rashness. Prudent. Cautious, considerate, judicious, provident; circum- spect, sagacious, wise, discreet; frugal, economical, thrifty. ANT. Reckless, inconsider- ate, improvident, wasteful, ex- travagant, lavish, prodigal; in- discreet, unwise; foolish, rash, imprudent, audacious. Public. Common, general, popu- lar, social, open; notorious. ANT. Private, individual, se- cret, domestic, secluded, close, personal. Punctilious. Exact, particular, precise, careful, nice, scrupu- lous, conscientious ; punctual, ceremonious. ANT. Careless, slovenly, un- scrupulous; informal, uncere- monious. Puny. Small, feeble, inferior, petty; weak, diminutive, unde- veloped, dwarfed, stunted, un- dersized, tiny. ANT. Large, great, rolu-st, developed, fine, vigorous; colos- sal, gigantic. Pupil. Learner, disciple, student, novice, ward, tyro. ANT. Teacher, master, profi- cient, scholar, adept; guardian. Purchase, v. Buy, obtain, pro- cure, secure, acquire, bargain for, barter for, get. ANT. Exchange, sell, barter, dispose of, put to sale. Pure. Innocent, unsullied, spot- less, unspotted, stainless, true, guiltless, incorrupt, clean, gen- uine, chaste, guileless, classic, classical, holy, immaculate, vir- tuous, real, sheer, mere, simple, unmixed, unpolluted, unadul- terated, unmingled, undefiled, unblemished, uncorrupted, un- stained, untainted, untarnished, upright, perfect. ANT. Impure, indecent, pol- luted, foul, tainted, unchaste, immodest, lewd, obscene, indeli- cate, defiled, dirty, filthy, gross, mixed, stained, sullied, unclean, tarnished, adulterated. Purpose, n. Design, end, inten- tion, aim, scope, meaning, ob- ject, plan, intention, purport, effect, project. ANT. Lot, chance, accident, haphazard, casualty, fate. Put. Deposit, place, set, lay; cause, produce, propose, state; attach, attribute, assign; as- sume, suppose; entice, con- strain. ANT. Remove, raise, with- draw, displace, transpose, trans- fer, change. Putrid. Decayed, decomposed, rotten, stinking, putrefied, foul, offensive. ANT. Clean, sweet, whole- some, fragrant, pure, healthful, fresh. [ 237 ] qua] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [qui Q Quaint. Odd, antique; curious, fanciful, affected, whimsical ; archaic, singular, unusual ; an- tiquated, extraordinary, droll. ANT. Commonplace, usual, ordinary, common; fashionable, modish, modern. 'Quality. Property, peculiarity, sort, disposition, temper; char- acter, attribute, rank, part, po- sition; characteristic; acquisi- tion; nature, trait, mood, con- dition, station, capacity, ten- dency. ANT. Negation, heterogene- ity, anomalousness, lack of dis- tinction, nondescript, weakness, ineffectiveness, incapacity, dis- qualification. Quantity. Greatness, measure, amount, bulk, extent, size, ag- gregate, length, duration, con- tent, comprehensiveness. ANT. Scantiness, want, de- ficiency, margin, deterioration, diminution, waste, wear, loss. Queer. Curious, bizarre, droll, comical, odd, peculiar, quaint, strange, uncommon, unusual, whimsical, singular, ridiculous, anomalous, fantastic, funny, er- ratic, extraordinary, ludicrous, grotesque, laughable, preposter- ous, unique, unmatched, eccen- tric, crotchety. ANT. Common, customary, normal, ordinary, usual, regu- lar, familiar, natural. Querimonious, Querulous. La- menting, complaining, whining, bewailing, mourning, murmur- ing, discontented, dissatisfied, malcontent. ANT. Contented, easy, uncom- plaining, satisfied, complacent, cheerful, genial, good-tempered. Query, Question, n. Inquiry, doubt; point, topic, subject; dispute, discussion, debate; in- vestigation, examination ; ex- perimentation, scrutiny, inter- rogation. ANT. Solution, explanation, answer, reply, response; conces- sion, admission. Question, v. Ask, interrogate, catechize, doubt, controvert, dis- pute; examine, converse with; call in question ; inquire, inves- tigate, query, tlubitate. ANT. Answer, reply, satisfy, respond. Quick. Speedy, expeditious, ac- tive, rapid, nimble, fleet, alert, lively, sprightly; alive, living, animate; agile, brisk, ready; hasty, swift; impatient, eager, passionate ; fresh, bracing, keen, sharp ; sensitive, perceptive, in- telligent. ANT. Slow, tardy, inactive, inert, sluggish, dull, insensitive, deliberate, gradual, moderate, late, unready, dilatory, slack, unresponsive, lingering, heavy, stupid, wearisome. Quicken. Hasten, hurry, accel- erate, despatch, drive, expedite, facilitate, further, speed, urge, promote, advance, make haste, press forward. ANT. Hinder, impede, check, obstruct, retard, clog, delay. Quiet, n. Rest, repose, tranquil- lity, silence, calm, peace, still- ness. ANT. Tumult, noise, shout- ing, action, commotion, activ- ity, storm; unrest, excitement, agitation, disturbance, turmoil. Quiet, a. Tranquil, unruffled, smooth, unmolested, peaceful, undisturbed, peaceable, calm, patient, contented, hushed, still, placid; gentle, mild, un- demonstrative, meek. [ 238 ] quo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rap ANT. Turbulent, tumultu- ous, uproarious, disturbed, agi- tated, wild, excited, violent, un- easy, boisterous, restless, con- futed, noisy. Quote. Cite, recite, plagiarize, repeat, excerpt, extract, para- phrase. ANT. Suppress, ignore, di*~ dain, omit. R Babble. Mob, crowd, people, pop- ulace; herd, the masses, mul- titudes, commonalty ; scum, dregs. ANT. Aristocracy, nobility, elite, galaxy. Racy. Lively, piquant, pungent, spicy, spirited, forcible, flavor- ous, rich. ANT. Flat, cold, flavorless, insipid, stale, stupid, tasteless, dull, prosy, vapid. Radiant. Lustrous, brilliant, splendid, gorgeous, glittering, glaring, radiating, beaming, re- splendent, shining, sparkling, luminous, effulgent, glorious. ANT. Dull, dark, somber, murky, lusterless, non-lumi- nous, sunless, shadowy, lurid, cloudy, gloomy, obscure, over- cast, ebon, black. Radical. Fundamental, innate, essential, native, natural, orig- inal, organic, primitive ; entire, complete, extreme, thorough, positive, perfect, thorough-go- ing, total; ingrained, constitu- tional. ANT. Superficial, tentative, trial; inadequate, incomplete, moderate, partial, palliative, slighl; conservative. liaise. Lift, elevate, heave; ex- alt, advance, enhance ; increase, excite, aggravate, intensify, heighten, set upright; awaken, arouse, originate, produce, ef- fect, cause; build, erect; levy, collect; propagate, breed, rear; bring up, incite, start; utter, summon; cultivate. ANT. Depress, lower, drop, sink, let doion; degrade, dis- grace; debase, humble, reduce} lessen, diminish, decrease. Ramble. Rove, roam, wander, range, stroll, saunter, straggle, stray. ANT. Speed, hasten, drive, run, proceed, rush, hurry. Random, a. Chance, haphazard, fortuitous, casual, wandering, stray, wild, aimless, purpose- less, unpremeditated, acciden- tal, vague. ANT. Aimed, intended, con- trolled, purposed, deliberate, designed, intentional, regular, systematic, planned. Ransom, v. Redeem, liberate,, rescue, deliver, release, emanci- pate, indemnify. ANT. Hold for ransom, kid- nap, imprison, hold as hostage, indict, fine, mulct, prosecute. Rapid. Swift, quick, fast, fleet, hasty, brisk, expeditious, hur- ried. ANT. Slow, deliberate, cum- brous, lazy, retarded, moder- ate, gradual, dilatory, linger- ing, tardy. Rapidity. Rapidness, haste, ce- lerity, speed, velocity, agility, swiftness, fleetness, quickness, despatch. ANT. Sloioness. dilatoriness, tardiness, delay, deliberateness^ moderation. [ 239 ] Tar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rea Hare. Curious, extraordinary, incomparable, odd, peculiar, re- markable, precious, scarce, sin- gular, strange, uncommon, un- usual, unprecedented, unique, unparalleled, infrequent. ANT. General, usual, nor- mal. Hash. Precipitate, headlong, in- discreet, foolhardy, hasty, heed- less, thoughtless, incautious, careless, inconsiderate, unwary. ANT. Cautious, wary, dis- creet, thoughtful, prudent, cel- culating; timid, hesitating, re- luctant. Bational. Sane, sound, intelli- gent, reasonable, sensible, wise, discreet, judicious; reasoning, intellectual ; sagacious, equi- table, enlightened. ANT. Irrational, insane, un- sound, foolish, absurd, injudi- cious, unreasonable, preposter- ous, unintelligent, extravagant. Haw. Unprepared, uncooked, immature, unripe, unseasoned, inexperienced, unpracticed, un- tried, unwrought, unfinished ; bare, galled; chilly, bleak. ANT. Cooked, dressed, pre- pared, developed, mature, ripe, mellow, seasoned, practiced, ex- perienced, tried, tested, expert, habituated, familiar, trained; healed; genial, balmy. Heach. Attain, arrive, get to, enter, land, come to, gain. ANT. Depart, leave, set out, weigh anchor, embark, start, go, go away, set sail. Heady. Prompt, expeditious, speedy, unhesitating, dexter- ous, apt, skilled, handy, expert, facile, easy, opportune, fitted, prepared, disposed, free, will- ing, cheerful. ANT. Tardy, slow, inexpedi- tious, hesitating, clumsy, inept, •unskilled, inexpert, hard, diffi- cult, inopportune, unfit, ill-pre- pared, unwilling, reluctant, un- responsive, unaccommodating. Heal. Actual, veritable, genu- ine, demonstrable, substantial, authentic, certain ; developed, essential, positive; true, un- questionable. ANT. Illusory, imaginary, unreal, untrue, supposititious, fictitious, hypothetical, fabu- lous, fanciful, conceived, sup- posed, feigned, reported, vision- ary, theoretical. Reality. Verity, actuality, sub- stance, truth, genuineness, au- thenticity, fact, substantiality, existence. ANT. Fiction, falsehood, un- truth, myth, imagination, fab- rication, fancy, supposition, unreality, chimera, vision, hy- pothesis, hollowness. Realm. Domain, kingdom, re- gion, province, country, depart- ment, empire, state; jurisdic- tion, sovereignty, dominion. ANT. Anarchy, insurrection; independence; democracy. Rear. Lift, elevate, erect, raise, build, establish, exalt, foster, construct, breed, educate, in- struct, train, discipline, cher- ish. ANT. Tear down, degrade, undermine, depress, overthrow; destroy, kill, demolish, subvert, stifle, extinguish. Reason, n. Cause, ground, aim, motive, account, argument, de- sign, consideration, end, object, purpose, principle. ANT. Pretext, pretense, fal- sification; unreason, unreason- ableness, irrationality, absurd- ity, fallacy. Reason, v. Debate, demonstrate, argue, contend, discuss, prove, establish, question, controvert, wrangle, dispute. [ 240 ] rea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rec ANT. Quibble, pervert, equiv- ocate, evade, mystify ; cavil, re- fine; misrepresent; dictate, as- sert. Reasoning. Argument, argu- mentation, debate, ratiocina- tion. ANT. Sophistry, instinct, in- tuition, presentiment. Rebellious. Intractable, refrac- tory, seditious, unmanageable, contumacious, disobedient, in- subordinate, mutinous, ungov- ernable, uncontrollable. ANT. Deferential, compli- ant, docile, manageable, obedi- ent, submissive, subservient, yielding, tractable, gentle, con- trollable, dutiful. Recant. Retract, revoke, recall, abjure, disown, disavow, re- nounce. ANT. Profess, confess, as- sert, declare, enunciate, main- tain, hold; vindicate. Reception. Admission, receipt; entertainment ; acceptance, cre- dence; welcome. ANT. Rejection, dismissal, repudiation, denial, protest, re- nunciation, disavowal. Recite. Describe, recapitulate, detail, number; repeat, deliver, rehearse; relate, narrate, re- count; quote; count, enumer- ate, tell. ANT. Misquote, garble, fal- sify, misrepresent, pervert; for- get, fail. Reckless. Mindless, negligent, thoughtless, regardless, uncon- cerned, inattentive, remiss, im- provident, rash, inconsiderate. ANT. Circumspect, careful, wary, thoughtful, mindful, at- tentive, considerate, provident, prudent, calculating. Recognize. Acknowledge, con- fess, own, allow, concede, iden- tify, avow. ANT. Overlook, repudiate, disown, ignore, disavow, dis* claim. Reconcile. Placate, propitiate, pacify, appease; conciliate, re- unite, content, harmonize; ad- just, settle, compose. ANT. Separate, sever, alien' ate, estrange, disaffect. Reconciliation. Reconcilement, reunion, pacification, appease- ment, propitiation, atonement, expiation; adjustment, restora- tion, harmony. ANT. Separation, estrange- ment, alienation, disaffection. Record. Account, entry, enrol- ment, catalogue, enumeration, inventory, register, roll; ar- chive, chronicle, document, his- tory, inscription, instrument, memorandum, memorial, muni- ment, schedule, scroll. Recover. Cure, heal, retrieve, restore; be cured or healed, re- cruit, recuperate, resume; re- animate, repossess. ANT. Relapse, sink, die, fail, grow worse. Recovery. Repossession, resump- tion ; recruiting, healing, resto- ration; regaining, recupera tion, convalescence, retrieval, redemption, resuscitation, re- vival ; vindication, reinstate- ment, reestablishment. ANT. Loss, forfeiture, pri- vation, damage, ruin, destruc- tion, waste : illness, relapse, de- clension, incurableness, hope- lessness. Recreation. Sport, amusement, diversion, refreshment, reani- mation; holiday, pastime, re- laxation. ANT. Toil, labor, work, in- dustry, employment, fatigue, weariness, lassitude, exhaus- tion. Rectitude. Justice, honesty, up- red] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [reh Tightness, fairness, integrity, straightforwardness, conscien- tiousness, equity. ANT. Iniquity, wrong, injus- tice, immorality, corruption, dishonesty, duplicity, under- handedness. Redemption. Ransom, release, rescue, retrieval, recovery, de- liverance, liberation, salvation; discharge, fulfilment ; atone- ment, compensation. ANT. Abandonment, forfeit- ure, sacrifice, betrayal, depriva- tion, desertion. Reduce. Lessen, decrease, cur- tail, abate, shorten, impair, lower, subjugate, subject; di- minish, attenuate, abridge, con- tract; subdue. ANT. Magnify, augment, ex- pand, amplify, exalt, raise, in- vigorate, promote, restore, re- pair, renovate, transform. Redundant. Exuberant, super- abundant, overflowing, pleo- nastic ; superfluous, excessive, copious, plentiful; unneces- sary. ANT. Requisite, necessary, sufficient, enough; scanty, de- ficient, scarce, wanting, lack- ing, incomplete, inadequate, in- sufficient. Refinement. Culture, elegance, cultivation, civilization, po- liteness. ANT. Coarseness, grossness, rudeness, rusticity, barbarism, boorishness, brutality, clown- ishness, savagery, vulgarity. Reflect. Consider, think, cogi- tate, meditate, contemplate, ru- minate, ponder, muse; animad- vert. ANT. Idle, dream, imagine, fancy, wander, rove; disregard, neglect. Reform, v. Amend, correct, rec- tify, emend, repair, better, im- prove, restore, reclaim, mend; remodel. ANT. Corrupt, impair, viti- ate, deteriorate, deform; spoil, deprave, pollute, defile, injure, contaminate. Refuge. Shelter, asylum, re- treat, covert; protection, sanc- tuary, stronghold, defense; hid- ing-place, harbor. ANT. Exposure, peril, snare, menace, pitfall, danger, threat. Regard, v. Consider, observe, re- mark, heed, mind, respect* es- teem, estimate, value; attend, notice; contemplate; revere, reverence. ANT. Overlook, disregard, miss, neglect, omit; misprize; dislike, hate, loathe; contemn. Regret, n. Grief, concern, sor- row, lamentation, repentance, penitence, self-condemnation; compunction, remorse, contri- tion. ANT. Joy, exultation, hap- piness, delight, self-gratula* tion, approbation; praise, com- mendation; felicitation. Regular. Orderly, methodical; conformable, agreeing; gov- erned, subject; normal; consti- tuted, selected; customary, sys- tematic, stated, established, pe- riodical, recognized, formal, re- current, certain. ANT. Unusual, exceptional, rare, irregular, abnormal, ec- centric, capricious, variable, uncertain, erratic. Regulation. Rule, method, prin- ciple, precept; adjustment, dis- posal ; arrangement, ordering, disposition, government, con- trol. ANT. Disorder, anarchy, li- cense, misgovernment, misrule, non-regulation, cap-rice, malad- justment, derangement. Rehearse. Recapitulate, detail, [ 242 ] rej] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rem recount, describe, tell ; narrate, repeat, recite, relate; practice. ANT. Misrepresent; act, per- form, pla;/. Rejoice. Delight, joy, exult, tri- umph, please, cheer, exhilarate, gladden, transport, charm, en- liven, gratify, make happy. ANT. Mourn, grieve, weep, lament, pain, distress, defeat, sadden, deaden, vex, annoy, op- press, afflict, trouble, depress, burden, deject. Relation. Recital, rehearsal, ac- count, narration, tale, narra- tive, detail, description; kin- dred, affinity, consanguinity, kinsman, kinswoman; connec- tion, association, pertinency, relevancy, agreement. ANT. Action, happening, oc- currence; alien, stranger, for- eigner; absoluteness, disagree- ment, dissociation, disconnec- tion, irrelevancy. Belease, v. Discharge, extricate, disengage, quit, acquit; free, loose, liberate; exempt, indem- nify; deliver, remit. ANT. Hold, bind, constrain, confine, fetter, shackle, fine, imprison, sentence, condemn. Relief. Alleviation, mitigation, aid, help, succor, assistance, re- dress, remedy, indemnification; exemption, deliverance, refresh- ment, support, comfort. ANT. Oppression, persecu- tion, aggravation, severity, cru- elty; weariness, discomfort, ex- haustion. Religion. Devotion, faith, pi- ety, righteousness, holiness, mo- rality, godliness, pietism, wor- ship, theology. ANT. Irreligion, atheism, un- belief, blasphemy, impiety, god- lessness, profanity, sacrilege, ungodliness, wickedness. Relinquish. Resign, leave, quit, forsake, abandon, renounce, de- sert, forbear, forego; surrender, discontinue. ANT. Retain, hold, Iceep, de- tain, preserve, support, cling to, sustain, maintain; continue, be constant to, persevere, persist. Reluctant. Loath, slow, disin« clined, indisposed, averse, back- ward, opposed, unwilling. ANT. Eager, favorable, will- ing, inclined, desirous, disposed. Remain. Wait, tarry, rest, so- journ, last, dwell ; stay, abide, continue, endure; survive, out- live. ANT. Leave, abandon, depart, remove, go, disappear, flit; die, pass. Remark. Comment, note, obser- vation, utterance, annotation. Remarkable. Observable, rare, noticeable, extraordinary, un- usual, strange, wonderful, not- able, eminent: distinguished, famous, prominent, conspicu- ous; singular, peculiar, individ- ual. ANT. Ordinary, usual, com- monplace, mediocre, everyday, common, general. Remembrance. Memory, recol- lection, reminiscence; memento, souvenir, memorandum, memo- rial, token. ANT. Oblivion, forgetful- ness. Reminiscence. Memory, recol- lection, remembrance; remnant, relic, trace. ANT. Oblivion, forgetful- ness; announcement, warning, suggestion, prognostic. Remote. Removed, far, distant; irrelevant, not related ; foreign, indirect, unconnected, alien, un- allied; separate, abstract. ANT. Near, close, direct, re- lated, connected, contiguous, immediate; present, pressing. I 243 ] ren] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rep urgent; proximate; essential, important. Rend. Burst, break, rip, sever, mangle, rupture, sunder, tear, lacerate, rive, slit. ANT. Mend, reunite, secure, unite, weld, heal, join, solder, sew, stitch. Render. Return, pay back, re- store; requite; give up, yield, surrender; furnish, contribute, deliver ; translate, interpret, set forth, exhibit, try out; ap- portion, give, present, assign. ANT. Keep, withhold, appro- priate, retain, refuse, use, ap- ply, employ; alienate, misap- portion. Renounce. Abandon, abjure, de- ny, disavow, disown, forswear, disclaim, retract, repudiate, re- voke, recall, refuse, reject, dis- card, recant. ANT. Advocate, avow, claim, assert, defend, hold, proclaim, own, acknowledge, cherish, re- tain, uphold, vindicate, main- tain. Renown. Fame, distinction, no- tice, repute, name, reputation, celebrity, honor, glory, emi- nence. ANT. Disgrace, shame, dis- honor, disrepute, discredit, deg- radation, taint, stain, brand. Renunciation. Denial, disown- ment, renouncement, disclaim- er, rejection, abjuration, recan- tation, abandonment. ANT. Maintenance, support, vindication, assertion, defense, apology, justification. Repeat. Reiterate, renew, re- late, recapitulate, recite, repro- duce, rehearse, renovate. ANT. Discontinue, drop, end, finish, stop, cease, break off, in- terrupt. Repentance. Penitence, regret, remorse, sorrow, compunction, contrition, self-condemnation, contriteness. ANT. Impenitence, obsti- nacy, obduracy; comfort, com- placency, approval, hardness, content, self-approval, self- complacency, self-congratula- tion; stubbornness. Repletion. Fulness, superabun- dance, plethora, abundance, am- plitude, sufficiency, enough. ANT. Scarcity, want, lack, insufficiency, need. Reply. Answer, respond, rejoin, replicate. ANT. Question, query, ask, inquire; disregard, pass, drop, ignore. Report. Account, description, narration, narrative, recital, re- hearsal, relation, record, tale., rumor, statement, story. ANT. Allegory, fabrication, fiction. Repose, n. Rest, recumbency, reclination, ease, quiet, quiet- ness, tranquillity, peace; calm- ness, quiescence. ANT. Unrest, agitation, tu- mult, movement, restlessness, turmoil, commotion, distrac- tion. Represent. Present anew, por- tray, typify, delineate; person- ate, act; perform; depict, de- scribe, show, exhibit. ANT. Misrepresent; falsify, caricature, distort. Reproach, n. Disrepute, oppro- brium, discredit, dishonor, in- vective, contumely, reviling, vil- ification, abuse, scurrility, inso- lence, insult, scorn, contempt, ignominy, shame, scandal, dis- grace, infamy. ANT. Approbation, satisfac- tion, praise, encouragement, ex- altation, commendation, honor, applause, eulogy, assent, accep- tance, approval. [ 244 ] rep] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [res Reproach, -w. Chide, rebuke, re- vile, condemn, vilify; blame, censure, taunt, upbraid, re- prove. ANT. Praise, approve, com- mend, laud, applaud, eulogize. Reproof. Comment, criticism, disapproval, chiding, reproach, upbraiding, reproval, admoni- tion, animadversion; censure, blame, condemnation, denunci- ation, objurgation, reprehen- sion, rebuke, reprimand; re- flection, check. ANT. Commendation, pane- gyric, approbation, applause, approval, encomium, praise, eu- logy. Reprove. Admonish, blame, re- proach, censure, condemn, rep- rimand, warn, upbraid, chide, check, chasten, find fault with, expostulate with, rebuke, repre- hend, remonstrate with, take to task. ANT. Abet, applaud, encour- age, cheer, countenance, incite, urge on, impel, instigate, ap- prove. Repugnant. Opposite, opposed, adverse, contrary, inconsistent, irreconcilable, hostile, inimical; incompatible, loath ; heteroge- neous. ANT. Harmonious, friendly, amicable, wining, consistent, compatible, congruous; homoge- neous. Reputable. Honorable, respec- table, estimable, creditable. ANT. Disreputable, disgrace- ful, dishonorable, discreditable, despicable. Requite. Avenge, pay off, quit, punish, retaliate, revenge; sat- isfy, settle with, reward, re- turn, repay, remunerate, rec- ompense, compensate, recipro- cate. ANT. Absolve, acquit, for- give, excuse, neglect, pardon, slight, forget, overlook, pass over. Research. Inquiry, scrutiny, ex- amination, experimentation, ex- ploration, discovery, investiga- tion, study, observation. ANT. Ignorance, oversight, inobservance ; shallowness, su- perficiality, sciolism. Reserve, n. Reservation, reten- tion, limitation, backwardness, coldness, shyness, coyness, mod- esty; taciturnity, restraint, re- pression, constraint. AXT. Profuseness, prodigal- ity, diffusion; affability, genial- ity, cordiality, abandonment, surrender, openness, frankness, transparency, indiscretion, vol- ubility. Resignation. Relinquishment, forsaking, abandonment, abdi- cation, renunciation, endur- ance; patience, long-suffering, forbearance; acquiescence, sub- mission. ANT. Maintenance, grasp, resistance, retention, rebellion, remonstrance, contention, reser- vation, holding, keeping, retain- ing, detention; murmuring, dis- satisfaction, discontent, protes- tation. Resolute. Determined, decided, fixed, steadfast, constant, per- severing, firm, bold, unshaken, steady ; undaunted, unflinch- ing, stout-hearted. ANT. Irresolute, timid, hesi- tating, doubtful, ivavering, vac- illating, capricious, variable, weak, undetermined, undecided. Resources. Expedient, means, resort, contrivance; supplies, devices, money, wealth, appli- ances, funds. ANT. Destitution, poverty, indigence, bareness, want, ex- haustion, inanition, lack, drain. [ 245 ] res] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rev Respectable. Estimable, honor- able, worthy, considerable, rep- utable, honest; passable. ANT. Unworthy, bad, mean, dishonorable, dishonest, paltry, inconsiderable. Resplendent. Brilliant, splen- did, glorious, luminous, efful- gent, gorgeous, shining, glitter- ing, burnished. ANT. Dull, tarnished, luster- less, somber, dimmed, sullied. Best. Pause, peace, quiet, still- ness, tranquillity, intermission, cessation, ease, calm, peaceful- ness, calmness, quiescence, stop, repose, quietude, quietness, rec- reation, sleep, slumber. ANT. Agitation, commotion, disturbance, excitement, rest- lessness, strain, stir, tumult, work, unrest, toil, disquiet, mo- tion, movement, rush. Restive. Restless, restiff, fidgety, fretful, fractious, refractory, intractable, impatient, rebel- lious, skittish; resentful, recal- citrant, balky, vicious, unruly, stubborn, mulish, mutinous, ob- stinate. ANT. Docile, gentle, submis- sive, passive, quiet, tractable, yielding, obedient, manageable, peaceable. Restore. Return, replace, re- fund, repay, reinstate, rebuild, repair, revive, heal, cure, re- cover. ANT. Remove, steal, appro- priate, abstract, destroy, shat- ter, injure, dilapidate, impair; deprive; wound, harm. Restrain. Constrain, hold in, check, repress, circumscribe, confine, curb, hinder, hold, hold back, restrict, suppress, with- hold, bridle, abridge, keep back, keep down, keep in, keep under. ANT. Let loose, set free, re- lease, arouse, aid, emancipate, animate, incite, excite, encour- age, free, impel. Result. Consequence, issue, con- clusion, effect; end, event, ter- mination, product, outcome ; in- ference, deduction ; resolution, determination. ANT. Cause, beginning, com- mencement, rise, origin, ante- cedent, prognostic, initiation, premonition, indication. Retinue. Attendants, suite, fol- lowers, train, retainers, satel- lites, escort, cortege. ANT. Solitariness, non-atten- dance. Retirement. Privacy, solitude, loneliness, seclusion. ANT. Company, converse, so~ ciety, fellowship, companion- ship, association. Retribution. Requital, retalia- tion, payment, recompense; re- payment, compensation, reward, return ; penalty, punishment, visitation. ANT. Remission, reprieve; pardon, condonation, sparing. Retrospect. Review, survey, re- consideration, reexamination; recollection, reminiscence, mem- ory. ANT. Prospect, prophecy, an- ticipation, forecasting, prognos- tication, speculation. Return, v. Turn back, come back; reply, respond; answer; restore, recompense, remit, ren- der; reappear, recur; revert, retaliate. ANT. Depart, vanish, disap- pear, remove; retain, misappro- priate; withhold. Revelation. Disclosure, mani- festation, apocalypse. ANT. Concealment, shroud- ing, veiling, mystery, obscura- tion, cloud, cloudiness, hiding. Revenge. Retaliation, retribu- [ 246 ] WT] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rip tion, vengeance, avenging, re- quital. ANT. Mercy, pardon, recon- ciliation, pity, compassion, ex- cuse, grace, forgiveness. Bevenue. Income ; taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, receipts ; produce, return, wealth, pro- ceeds. ANT. Outgo, waste, expendi- ture, expense, deductions, im- poverishment. Beverse, n. Contrary, opposite, counterpart ; change, vicissi- tude; inversion, counter-posi- tion; derangement, alteration; rear, back; misfortune, defeat. ANT. Obverse, front; order, arrangement, version, position, location; continuance, perpet- uation, identity, stability, reg- ularity, uniformity. Bevive. Reanimate, reinvigor- ate; restore, raise, recover, re- new, recall ; awake, revivify, re- suscitate. ANT. Kill, destroy, extin- guish, discourage; decline, die, droop. Revolution. Lawlessness, in- surrection, revolt, riot, sedi- tion, anarchy, insubordination, rebellion, mutiny, confusion, disorder, tumult, disintegra- tion. ANT. Government, submis- sion, obedience, authority, con- trol, command, dominion, domi- nation, law, empire, rule, sov- ereignity, loyalty, supremacy, order. Bevolve. Roll, rotate, turn. ANT. Bind, grind, stand, slide, slip, stick, chafe. Steward, n. Recompense, com- pensation, remuneration, pay, requital, retribution, punish- ment. Rich. Wealthy, opulent, afflu- ent, supplied, abounding; abun- dant, copious, bountiful ; fertile, productive; valued, sumptuous, precious, costly; high-seasoned; luscious; vivid. ANT. Poor, indigent, needy, impoverished, destitute, impe- cunious, penniless; lacking, scanty, scarce, meager; barren, sterile; trivial, worthless, un- productive, fruitless, paltry, valueless; dull, tame, dry. Riches. Opulence, wealth, af- fluence, richness, plenty, abun- dance. ANT. Poverty, want, indi- gence, scarcity, need, lack, im- pecuniosity. Biddle. Conundrum, paradox, problem, puzzle, enigma. ANT. Axiom, answer, expla- nation, solution, proposition. Ridicule. Derision, raillery, banter, burlesque, irony, satire, mocking, sarcasm, gibe, jeer, sneer. ANT. Respect, homage, ven- eration, deference, honor. Bight, n. Claim, liberty, pre- rogative, license, privilege, ex- emption, franchise, immunity, duty, justice, uprightness, in- tegrity; title, ownership; in- terest; rectitude, correctness, power; propriety, fitness, suit- ableness. ANT. Wrong, falsehood, incor- rectness, perverseness ; liability, illegitimacy, non-legality, usur- pation, injustice, impropriety, unfitness, encroachment, force, violence. Righteous. Holy, uncorrupt, honest, equitable, rightful, up- right, virtuous, just, good, con- scientious. ANT. Unholy, corrupt, dis- honest, unjust, wicked, evil, un- scrupulous, vicious, false, un- principled, profligate. Ripe. Mature, complete, fin- [ 247 ] rls] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [nil ished; perfect, developed, full- grown ; fit, consummate ; pre- pared; full, seasoned, mellow. ANT. Raw, unripe, crude, fresK, green, unseasoned, un- prepared. 'Rise, v. Arise, issue, flow, pro- ceed, spring, ascend, emanate. ANT. Descend, drop, fall, go down, set, settle, sink, decline. Rival, v. Emulate, antagonize, compete with, contend, strive, oppose, equal. ANT. Surrender, yield, de- fer, retire. Bobber. Brigand, marauder, pi- rate, plunderer, thief, burglar, bandit, highwayman, footpad, despoiler, depredator, raider, buccaneer, forager, freebooter. Robust. Strong, lusty, sinewy, muscular, hale, hearty, vigor- ous, forceful; healthy, sturdy, sound; violent, rude, rough. ANT. Puny, weak, delicate, frail, sickly, emaciated, thin, slender, gentle, mild, consider- ate, tender. Romantic. Sentimental, fanci- ful, fantastic, fictitious, wild, extravagant, chimerical. ANT. Unromantic, truthful, unvarnished, unadorned, veri- fable, actual, real, realistic, reasonable. Root. Radix, radicle, stock, ori- gin, foundation, base, source, stem, parent, commencement, beginning, radical, bottom. ANT. Branch, ramification, product, issue, progeny, super- structure. Rough. Uneven, uncut, boister- ous, unpolished; coarse, disor- dered, shaggy, ragged; rude, uncivil, harsh; loud, offensive; tempestuous, stormy ; rugged, knotty, craggy, gruff; incom- plete ; uncourteous, churlish, blunt. ANT. Smooth, plain, level, polished, flat, glossy, sleek, soft, mild, quiet, refined, ten- der, gentle; balmy, zephyrlike. Routine. Practice, custom, pro- cedure, round, course, wont, order; gradation, rotation, se- quence, tenor, system, method; regulation. Royal. August, kinglike, ma- jestic, munificent, princely, re- gal, magnificent, kingly. ANT. Beggarly, contempt- ible, mean, poor, servile, slav- ish, vile. Rude. Rough, uneven, shapeless, unfashioned, rugged, uncouth, inelegant, rustic, vulgar, raw, clownish, unskilful, untaught, illiterate, ignorant, uncivil, impolite, saucy, impudent, in- solent, surly, uncivilized, bru- tal, barbarous, savage, violent, fierce, tumultuous, impetuous, boisterous, inclement, severe. ANT. Polite, urbane, accom- plished, cultivated, courteous, refined, civil, affable, courtly, gracious, elegant, polished, well- bred, obliging; modest, bash- ful; considerate, serene, placid, genial, calm; fashionable, mod- ern, civilized, modish. Rugged. Rough, uneven, rude, wrinkled, cragged, harsh, hard, crabbed; steep, precipitate; vio- lent, sour, surly, boisterous, tu- multuous, stormy, inclement, tempestuous ; austere, severe ; ruffled, blunt. ANT. Smooth, even, gentle, soft, low; pleasant, kindly; balmy, soothing; complaisant, mild. Rule. Regulation, law, precept, maxim, canon, order, method, direction, control, sway, em- pire; principle, practice; domi- nation, mastery, government ; test, criterion, formula. run] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [sal ANT. Exception, deviation, eccentricity, irregularity. Bun. Race, hasten, speed, pro- ceed, hurry, scamper, post; go, flow, glide, move, roll on; melt, fuse; pass, advance; course, fly, rush; hustle; pursue; cast, shape, mold; drive, force; indicate, mark out; incur, encounter, venture, risk ; conduct, manage, carry on; flee. ANT. Delay, walk, halt, stop, saunter, rest, linger, hesitate; harden; retrograde, slip. Hustle. Rural, sylvan, pastoral, country, countrified, bucolic, agricultural, verdant ; artless, inelegant, plain, rude, unpol- ished, untaught, unsophisti- cated; awkward, boorish, out- landish, clownish, coarse, hoy- denish, uncouth. ANT. City-like, urban; ao- complished, elegant, cultured, polite, urbane, polished, well- bred, refined. Ruthless. Cruel, pitiless, harsh, relentless, unsparing. ANT. Tender, gentle, pitiful, compassionate, lenient, regret* ful, long-suffering. s Sable. Dark, black, ebon, somber. ANT. Light, white, cheerful, bright, ivory. Sacrament. Eucharist, Lord's Supper, communion; ceremony, rite, service, solemnity, ordi- nance, observance. Sacred. Holy, divine, hallowed, consecrated, dedicated, devoted, religious, venerable, reverend. ANT. Secular, profane, com- mon, unconsecrated, human. Sacrifice, n. Offering, propitia- tion, expiation, thanksgiving ; destruction, immolation, devo- tion, surrender; oblation, atonement. ANT. Offense, transgression; retention, reservation; accep- tance. Sad. Sorrowml, mournful, de- jected, gloomy, depressed, se- date, cheerless, downcast, griev- ous; dull, grave, dark, somber; afflicted; calamitous; serious, staid; melancholy, Disconso- late, despondent, disastrous, de- plorable. ART. Cheerful, joyous, glad, mirthful, jubilant, jovial, light- hearted; exultant, gay, exhil- arated, happy, blithe. Sagacious. Sage, sensible, keen, discerning, clear-sighted, apt, acute, intelligent, sharp, wise, rational, shrewd, able, keen- sighted, keen-witted, judicious, perspicacious, quick-scented, sharp-witted. ANT. Obtuse, senseless, irra- tional, silly, stupid, simple, un- intelligent, undiscerning, dull, absurd, foolish, futile, sottish, ignorant. Sale. Bargain, barter, deal, ex- change, trade, change. Salient. Leaping, bounding, jumping; projecting; promi- nent, conspicuous, noticeable, significant; strategic. ANT. Retreating, retiring, low-lying; unimportant, incon- spicuous, unnoticeable, minor, inconsiderable, subordinate, in- significant. Salvation. Saving, preserva- tion, deliverance; redemption; rescue. [ 249 ] •am] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tsci ANT. Perdition, destruction, damnation, condemnation, loss. Sample. Specimen, example, il- lustration, case, instance, ex- emplification. ANT. Total, whole, excep- tion, aggregate; abnormality, monstrosity. Sanction. Authorization, au- thority, countenance ; ratifica- tion, confirmation, approba- tion; approval, support, seal, allowance. ANT. Discountenance, disal- lowance, unauthorization ; can- cellation, nullification; disap- proval, non-support. Sanguine. Blood-red, crimson; warm, ardent; hopeful, lively, animated, cheerful; confident, enthusiastic, buoyant; trustful. ANT. Pallid, cold, frigid; unresponsive, depressed, life- less, despondent, despairing, de- jected, anxious, suspicious, mis- giving, distrustful. Sanity. Saneness, soundness, ra- tionality; reasonableness, wis- dom; amenableness. ANT. Insanity, aberration, derangement, unsoundness, ir- rationality, madness, lunacy, alienation, dementia, folly. Sarcasm. Taunt, gibe; scorn, contempt, satire; irony, sneer, ridicule. ANT. Compliment, eulogy, praise, approbation, apprecia- tion, panegyric. Satisfy. Satiate, sate, compen- sate; cloy, surfeit, suffice, con- tent, glut, fill, requite; relieve, reassure, convince; please, rec- ompense, gratify, fulfil. ANT. Deprive, deny, starve, stint, refuse; annoy, tantalize; aggravate, tease; displease. Savage. Wild, uncultivated, un- tamed, uncivilized, rude, brut- ish, brutal, barbarous, cruel, in- human, fierce, pitiless, merci- less, atrocious, ferocious; mur- derous, violent. ANT. Tame, civilized, culti- vated, domesticated, tender, re- fined, polished, gentle, humane, considerate, pitiful, merciful, protective, generous, subdued, chivalrous, clement, self-con- trolled. Save. Preserve, rescue, deliver; lay up, reserve, keep; spare, prevent; protect; be economi- cal, hoard, husband; obviate, snatch, catch. ANT. Lose, destroy, aban- don, imperil, expose, endanger, risk, hazard; waste, lavish, spend, fling away. Say. Utter, express, tell, speak, declare; repeat, rehearse, re- cite; assert; mention, suggest; suppose; answer; respond, re- ply; state, pronounce; affirm, deny; allege. ANT. Silence, hush, whis- per, mumble; be taciturn; sup~ press, repress; mispronounce. Scarce. Rare, infrequent, defi- cient; uncommon; scant, spar- ing, meager, insufficient; un- usual, unique, singular, want- ing, few, precious. ANT. Plenty, abundant, fre- quent, plentiful, common, thick. Scheme, n. Plan, project, con- trivance, design, purpose, plot, device; system, outline; machi- nation, intrigue, stratagem, ca- bal, conspiracy; theory. ANT. Blunder, derangement, Disarrangement, bungle, botch. Scholar. Learner, pupil, student, savant, disciple. ANT. Dunce, fool, ignora- mus, illiterate person, idiot, idler. Science. Literature, art, knowl- edge; truth, facts; skill, ex- pertness ; comprehension ; in- 250 SCO] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [sel formation, investigation, ex- perimentation, learning, expe- rience. ANT. Ignorance, error, smat- tering, fallacy, sciolism; inex- perience, unfamiliarity, incom- prehension. Scorn, n. Disdain, derision, con- tumely, despite, slight, mock- ery, dishonor; contempt, disre- gard; sneer, opprobrium. ANT. Compliment, commen- dation, deference, approval, es- teem, respect, regard, approba- tion. Scruple, n. Unwillingness, hesi- tation, doubt; particle; qualm, reluctance, misgiving. ANT. Confidence, assurance, recklessness, heedlessness ; dar- ing, self-complacency. Scrupulous. Cautious, careful, conscientious, hesitating; exact, nice; questioning, unwilling, punctilious, precise; diffident, dubious. ANT. Reckless, confident, careless, unconscientious, self- complacent, heedless, unwary, incautious, daring. Scrutiny. Examination, inspec- tion, observation, search, sift- ing, exploration, inquisition, in- quiry. ANT. Oversight, misobserv- ance, disregard, slight, inatten- tion. Season. Time, period, term, in- terval, spell, while ; occasion, opportunity, timeliness, season- ableness. ANT. Contretemps, unsea- sonableness, untimeliness, un- suitableness. Seasonable. Opportune, suit- able, timely, fit, convenient, ap- propriate, normal; periodical; welcome. ANT. Inopportune, unsuit- able, unfit, untimely, inconveni- ent, inappropriate, unwelcome, unexpected, abnormal. Secure, a. Undisturbed, assured, heedless, inattentive; easy, un- anxious, trustful, insured; ob- tained, acquired ; fast, firm ; de- fended, guarded, protected, cer- tain, sheltered, safe. ANT. Disturbed, endangered, imperiled, insecure, hazardous; anxious, distrustful, suspicious, careful, precarious; loose, drift- ing, doubtful, dubious. Sedate. Settled, composed, calm, quiet, tranquil, still, serene, un- ruffled, undisturbed, contempla- tive, sober, serious; passive. ANT. Flighty, disturbed, un- easy, restless, excited, discom- posed, agitated, indiscreet; ac- tive, moving; frivolous. Sedition. Riot, rebellion, revolt, insurrection, mutiny; outbreak, uprising, secession, treason ; in- subordination ; tumult, tur- moil, anarchy. ANT. Peace, pacification, or- der, quiet, orderliness, obedi- ence, allegiance, fealty, union, patriotism, fidelity. See. Perceive, behold, descry, view; observe, discern, under- stand, comprehend ; watch, look after; interview, visit; associ- ate, meet; accompany, escort; attend, heed, be attentive ; gaze, glance at. ANT. Be blind; overlook, mistake; misunderstand, mis- comprehend; pass, ignore, neg- lect; disregard, misconceive. Seek. Search, try for, solicit, in- quire for, strive after, hunt, fol- low, trace, prosecute, attempt, endeavor, investigate. ANT. Shun, elude, ignore, neglect, disregard, avoid, re- linquish, drop, abandon, dis- card. Seldom. Rarely, not often, infre- ; 251 } sel] SYNONYMS A^JJ ANTONYMS [set quently; hardly ever, occasion- ally. ANT. Often, frequently, gen- erally, commonly, regularly, ha- bitually, invariably, uniformly, systematically. Selection. Choice, pick, prefer- ence, election, option. ANT. Repudiation, rejection, discarding, refusal; exclusion. Self-abnegation. Self-renunci- ation, self-sacrifice, self-control, self-devotion, self-immolation, self-denial. ANT. Self-indulgence, self- gratification, self-will, selfish- ness, self-seeking. Selfish.. Self-seeking, mean, un- generous, narrow, illiberal, mer- cenary, greedy, egoistical, self- indulgent. ANT. Generous, liberal, al- truistic, philanthropic, benefi- cent, self-denying, public-spir- ited, magnanimous, unselfish, considerate. Send. Sling, throw, fling, hurl, lance, launch, propel, project, cast, dart, despatch, discharge, drive, emit; forward, trans- mit, impel, dismiss, delegate, depute. ANT. Receive, keep, retain, hold; bring, carry, hand, get, give, convey. Sensation. Emotion, sense, feel- ing, perception. ANT. Apathy, non-sensibil- ity, non-perception, indiffer- ence. Sense. Understanding, reason; cognition, apprehension; de- duction; perception, feeling; recognition, discernment ; rea- soning; opinion, judgment, no- tion, meaning, import, signifi- cation. ANT. Nonsense, misunder- standing; stupidity, non-appre- hension; non-comprehension; stolidity, inertness, non-observ- ance; fancy, folly, unsoundness. Sensibility. Feeling, sensitive- ness, susceptibility, impressi- bility. ANT. Coldness, deadness, un- consciousness, hardness, numb- ness, insensibility. Sentiment. Thought, opinion, notion, sensibility, feeling; sus- ceptibility, impressibility, im- pression, conviction; emotion; maxim, saying, toast. ANT. Nonsense, conjecture, vacuity; assumption, prejudice, preconception. Separate, v. Disunite, divide, sever; come between, part; dis- join, divorce; disengage, de- tach; sunder; withdraw, elim- inate, remove, segregate. ANT. Unite, consolidate, in- tegrate, connect, join, attach, link, weld, engage, wed; gather, convene, collect. Sequence. Succession, follow- ing, consequence, arrangement, order; series, progression, con- tinuity. ANT. Precedence, introduc- tion, priority; disorder, diseon- nection; intermission, irregu- larity. Serious. Sober, earnest, momen- tous, grave ; thoughtful, sedate, solemn ; important, weighty ; dangerous. ANT. Gay, thoughtless, friv- olous, laughing, joking, jocose, careless, trifling, trivial, unim- portant, light, insignificant, Serve. Obey, minister to, sub- serve, promote, aid, help, abet, assist, benefit, succor. ANT. Command, order, man- age; obstruct, counteract, re- tard, defeat, injure, thwart, op- pose. Set. Put, seat, place, fix; affix, attach ; fasten, make stable or [ 252 ] Mt] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [sha firm; obstruct, embarrass; de- termine upon, fix upon; plant; frame; stiffen, solidify; adjust, regulate, adapt; prepare; re- place; spread; stud, variegate; value at, rate at; establish, furnish, prescribe, strengthen, •tabilitate, ground, confirm, de- termine, appoint, assign. ANT. Remove, uproot, trans- fer, eradicate, transplant, un- settle, weaken, soften, destroy, , demolish; disperse, discard; de- nude, disarrange, divest, strip; misvalue, under- or over-rate; abolish, frustrate. Settle. Regulate, arrange, com- pose, decide; establish; still, calm; clear; restore; depress, sink, lower, make compact, har- den; determine, adjust, make up, pacify; liquidate, balance; colonize, people. ANT. Disturb, confuse, de- range; agitate, unsettle, excite, uproot, overturn; obstruct; ele- vate, upheave, break up; dis- compose, disorder, rise, as- cend, move; misregulate, aggra- vate. Severe. Stern, strict, austere, hard, relentless, rigorous, un- relenting, inexorable, harsh, inflexible, rigid, morose, stiff, uncompromising, unmitigated, unyielding; critical, grave, se- rious. ANT. Lenient, clement, un- exacting, mild, easy, gay, cheer- ful, joyous; loose, slack, inex- act, indulgent, uncritical, mod- erate, kind, considerate. Shade. Shadow; darkness, ob- scurity; screen, shelter, protec- tion; body, spirit, ghost; um- brage, adumbration ; degree, minuteness; seclusion. ANT. Light, illumination, sunshine, brightness, daylight; glare, radiance, exposure; pub- licity; quantity, amount; do- fenselessness. Shake. Agitate, fluctuate, flut- ter, oscillate, quake, quiver, quaver, rock, shiver, shudder, totter, tremble, waver, wave, sway, swing, vibrate, thrill, jar. ANT. Fasten, fix, set, secure, settle, confirm. Shame. Disgrace, reproach, dis- honor, ignominy; degradation, contempt, infamy; diffidence, modesty, discredit; humilia- tion, abashment; decency, de- corum. ANT. Fame, honor, gloryt approval, renown, credit; im« pudence, shamelessness, inde- cency, immodesty, indecorum, impropriety. Shape. Appearance, figure, as- pect, form, guise; outline; em- bodiment ; character, fashion, mold, pattern, cast, model. ANT. Imitation, reproduc- tion, copy; deformity, disfig- urement. Sharp. Quick, sagacious, witty, discerning, shrewd, ingenious, sour, acid, tart, acrid, biting, poignant, acrimonious, sarcas- tic, bitter, painful, afflictive, violent, fierce, ardent, fiery; acute, keen, trenchant, astute, subtle, penetrating, discrimi- nating, inventive, piquant; se- vere, vigilant, attentive; caus- tic, cutting; eager, hungry; thin, emaciated; shrill, high; exacting, close. ANT. Dull, blunt, slow, ob- tuse, undiscerning, unresource- ful, sweet, honeyed, cloying, saccharine, mellow; soft, gen- tle, mild, tender, considerate, kindly, lenient, clement; unin- ventive, indifferent, sluggish, inactive, tame, characterless, spiritless, careless, inattentive; thick; generous, unexacting. she] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [sil Shelter. Defend, guard, harbor, protect, shield, screen, ward, cover, conceal. ANT. Expose, betray, im- peril, endanger, exhibit, lay bare, discover, attack. Short. Brief, contracted, inade- quate, limited, scanty; insuffi- cient, incomplete, imperfect ; abrupt, petulant, quick; near, direct, straight; succinct, con- cise, condensed, compendious ; terse, pithy, laconic, curt, sen- tentious; severe, uncivil; nar- row; destitute. ANT. Long, protracted, ex- tended, adequate, ample, suffi- cient, plentiful, abundant, copi- ous; perfect, complete; civil, suave, complaisant; circuitous, indirect; tedious, prolix, ver- bose, extended, wordy; broad; provided for. Show, v. Exhibit, present, dis- play; tell, reveal; direct, con- duct; clear, .prove, manifest, explain, evince; bestow, con- fer; appear, look, seem; dem- onstrate, unfold, inform, teach ; evidence. ANT. Conceal, hide, with- hold, suppress, obscure, mys- ~.tify, cloak, wrap; contradict, deny, refute, disprove, falsify; misinterpret. Shrewd. Keen, critical, subtle, arch, astute, sagacious, acute, discerning, penetrating; mali- cious, evil, vicious ; wily, artful, cunning; clever, sharp, able; discriminating, intelligent. ANT. Stolid, stupid, unin- telligent, dull, thick, unsaga- dous, undiscerning, undiscrim- inating ; plain, blank, blunt, frank; kindly, sincere, benevo- lent; fair, open. Sick. Diseased, ill, disordered, distempered, indisposed, weak, ailing, feeble, morbid; imper- fect, impaired, weakened, cor- rupted; disgusted, surfeited. ANT. Healthy, whole, well, sound, strong, robust, salubri- ous, vigorous, hale, wholesome, salutary. Side. Margin, edge, verge, bor- der, boundary; party, sect, fac- tion, interest, cause, policy, be- half; face, aspect, plane; slope, declivity; half. ANT. Center, interior, body, heart, core; opposition, seces- sion, neutrality. Sight. Vision, show, represen- tation, exhibition; faculty of seeing, view; visibility, spec- tacle; inspection, examination; opinion, judgment; perception, ken, cognizance; contemplation, survey; insight; appearance. ANT. Blindness, non-visibil- ity, obscuration; non-appear- ance; oversight, neglect; disap- pearance; vanishing; impres- sion, prejudice. Sign. Mark, manifestation, in- dication, presage, symbol, type, token, emblem, note, omen, sig- nal, prognostic, symptom. Significant. Expressive, sugges- tive, important; weighty, mo- mentous; manifest, intimating, declarative, betokening, imply- ing, meaning, denoting; tell- ing, speaking; forcible; con- spicuous. ANT. Insignificant, mean- ingless, inconspicuous, mute, inexpressive, expressionless, un- suggestive. Silence. Stillness, hush, restful- ness, quiet, muteness, noiseless- ness, calm, peace, tranquillity; dumbness, taciturnity; obscur- ity, secrecy, oblivion. ANT. Noise, sound, tumult* clamor, roar, storm, din, un~ rest, babel, commotion, rever- beration, resonance, agitation, [ 254 ] aim] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [•la clatter; talkativeness, loquac- ity, garrulity; publicity, fame, rumor, repute, celebrity. Similar. Corresponding, like, resembling, uniform, homoge- neous; congruous, harmonious. ANT. Dissimilar, unlike, dif- ferent, alien, discordant, heter- ogeneous, incongruous. Simple. Silly; single, uncom- bined; plain, unadorned; mere; sincere, artless, unaffected, nat- ural ; direct, clear, perspicuous ; credulous, foolish; humble, un- distinguished, lowly; innocent; elementary. ANT. Complex, double, com- pound, combined, mixed; or- nate, adorned; blended, fused, multiform; artful, affected, ar- tificial; indirect, complicated, circuitous, skeptic, pragmatic; proud, haughty, distinguished, celebrated; various, organized, elaborate; designing, insincere, double-minded; developed, per- fect. Sin. Evil, crime, guilt, offense, wickedness, fault, vice, crimi- nality, misdeed; viciousness, ungodliness, wrong, wrong-do- ing, unrighteousness, iniquity, transgression, immorality, de- pravity, delinquency. ANT. Virtue, godliness, rec- titude, uprightness, sinlessness, excellence, blamelessness, good- ness, holiness, innocence, moral- ity, integrity, purity, righteous- ness, right. Sing. Chant, carol, chirp, hum, warble, chirrup. Singular. Unexampled, eminent, unprecedented, extraordinary, remarkable, uncommon, rare, unusual, peculiar, strange, odd, eccentric, fantastic; individual, unique; conspicuous, consum- mate, exceptional, particular; curious, queer. ANT. Common, everyday, or- dinary, commonplace, general, universal, usual, regular, cus- tomary, frequent, numerous; unnoticeable, normal, typical, inconspicuous, humdrum. Sink. Subside, drop, droop, de- cay, lower, lessen; submerge, immerse, engulf; depress, de- grade, debase, diminish; fall, descend; decline, dwindle, de- crease; weary, flag, abate; re- duce; drown; attenuate. ANT. Rise, ascend, mount, increase, augment, aggrandize, swell; flourish, exalt, heighten, promote, enhance; encourage, perpetuate. Situation. Site, station, post, case, plight, state ; location, po- sition; place, office; condition; locality, seat, ground, spot ; cir- cumstance, predicament; cate- gory; employment; footing, as- pect; birth, standing. ANT. Absence, dislodgment, displacement, non-assignment. Skeptic. Agnostic, doubter, free- thinker, infidel, unbeliever, de- ist, atheist, disbeliever. ANT. Christian, believer. Sketch, n. Outline, picture, de- sign, drawing, draft; skeleton, plan, brief. Skilful. Expert, dexterous, apt, handy, adroit, clever, deft, pro- ficient, skilled, trained, accom- plished, happy, ingenious, prac- ticed; adept, masterly, cun- ning. ANT. Unskilled, clumsy, in~ expert, unskilful, unintelligent, awkward, incompetent, unpre- pared, untrained, unable, un- taught, bungling, helpless, mal- adroit, shiftless. Slander, v. Defame, disparage, depreciate, malign, asperse, ca- lumniate, libel, vilify, revile, traduce, decry, backbite. [ 255 ] Bla] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [sof ANT. Extol, eulogize, laud, praise, vindicate, defend. Slang. Vulgarity, cant, collo- quialism, vulgarism. ANT. Diction, language. Slender. Small, narrow, slim; weak, feeble, slight; moderate, trivial, inconsiderable, meager; spare, abstemious, frugal. ANT. Thick, stout, robust, broad, ample, deep, bulky, con- siderable, massive, weighty; gi- ant, colossal. Slippery. Smooth, glib; mu- table, uncertain, fickle, incon- stant; unstable, changeable; wanton, loose, unchaste; icy, glassy, insecure, perilous, un- safe; shifty, elusive; deceptive, evasive; unprincipled. ANT. Rough, firm, safe, se- cure, stable; constant, certain, dependable, upright, sincere, outright, trustworthy, sound. Slow. Deliberate, dilatory, lin- gering, gradual, moderate, pro- crastinating, tardy; inert, inac- tive, sluggish, drowsy, dull, de- laying, dawdling. ANT. Nimble, active, brisk, alert, lively, prompt, speedy, quick, spry, swift, agile. Small. Little, diminutive, in- considerable; inconsequential, uninfluential, trivial, insignifi- cant; paltry, mean, incapable, unable; short; weak, slender, gentle, low; tiny, puny; unim- portant ; scanty, moderate ; sor- did, selfish ; inferior, unintellec- tual, ungifted, unintelligent. ANT. Large, great, big, ex- tensive, enormous, bulky, mas- sive, weighty, ample, spacious, broad, strong, stout, generous, liberal, munificent; important, significant, notable, influential, distinguished, gifted, magnani- mous, intelligent, intellectual, superior, competent. Smart. Acute, quick, lively, brisk, clever, dashy, showy; pungent, pricking ; keen, severe, poignant; vigorous, sharp; ac- tive, shrewd; efficient, witty; pretentious, spruce; fresh. ANT. Dull, heavy, blunt, ob- tuse, dense, stupid; aching; slow, inactive, sluggish, ineffi- cient, shabby, dowdy, boorish, clownish. Sneer. Jeer, mock, gibe, taunt, fling, scoff. ANT. Smile, laugh; flatter, compliment; cheer. Sober. Abstinent, abstemious, moderate, regular; steady, col- lected, quiet, cool, staid, som- ber; temperate; dispassionate, self-controlled, calm, self-pos- sessed, solemn, sedate. ANT. Intemperate, intoxi- cated, drunk, impassioned, ex- cited, heated, furious, passion- ate; unreasonable, immoderate, uncontrolled, agitated, extrava- gant; erratic, eccentric. Socialism. Communism, collec- tivism, fabianism. Society. Companionship, fellow- ship, company ; participation, connection ; association, part- nership ; community, sodality, communion, intercourse. ANT. Solitude, solitariness, privacy, separation, segrega- tion; individuality, personal- ity; disconnection, dissociation, unsociabiJiti/. Soft. Yielding, impressible, mal- leable; smooth, delicate; agree- able, gentle, flowing; flexible; mild, tender, conciliatory, kind; effeminate, weak; easy; quiet, peaceful, tranquil. ANT. Hard, unyielding, im- pervious, tough, stubborn, im- permeable; non-resilient; dis- agreeable, harsh, brush, gruff, unkind; strong, manly ; virile; [ 256 ] sol] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [80V rough, coarse, rigid, rigorous, abrupt ; resolute, determined. Solemnity. Gravity, formality, ritual, ceremonial, sobriety, se- riousness, reverence, devotion; celebration, observance ; sanc- tity, awfulness, sacredness; im- pressiveness. ANT. Levity, triviality, gai- ety, vulgarity ; secularity, dese- cration, profanity; meaning, unimpressiveness, unimposing- ness; simplicity. Solid. Hard, sound, real, valid, weighty, profound ; compact, resistant, dense ; heavy ; strong, firm, stable; substantial; im- penetrable; cubic. ANT. Hollow, yielding, soft, resilient, malleable, fluid, flex- ible, impressible, liquid; brittle, frail; light, trifling, frivolous; invalid, weak, fallacious, un- sound. Solitude. Loneliness, solitariness, loneness, recluseness, retired- ness ; withdrawal, remoteness, destitution, absence; seclusion, retirement; desertion, retreat, wilderness, desert, privacy, iso- lation. ANT. Populousness, society, popularity, throng, crowd, in- tercourse, meeting, convening, populace, multitude. Solution. Disruption, separa- tion, breach ; disentanglement, explanation, clearing up; reso- lution, disintegration; release, discharge; solvency; disconnec- tion, discontinuance; key, an- swer, elucidation. ANT. Union, amalgamation, conjunction, connection, combi- nation, entanglement, complica- tion ; continuity; integration; obscurity, confusion, perplexity, mystification. Soothe. Soften, allay, compose, tranquilize, pacify; humor, flat- ter, please; assuage, calm, mol- lify, comfort; lull; mitigate, re- lieve. ANT. Rouse, excite, disturb, disquiet; aggravate, displease, scold, irritate, exasperate, an- noy, infuriate; dissatisfy. Sordid. Vile, base, gross; mean, avaricious, covetous, niggardly; greedy; low, degraded; stingy, close, ungenerous, penurious ; illiberal. ANT. Pure, noble, honorable, refined; generous, unselfish, lib- eral, broad, munificent, u-ncov- etous; prodigal, profuse, lav- ish; high-minded. Soul. Spirit, life, courage, fire, ardor ; vitality, animus ; leader, inspirer; passion, fervor, affec- tion; person; reason, intellect, emotions; ghost, specter. ANT. Lifelessness, soulless- ness; body; coldness, spiritless- ness; irrationality, unintelleo- tuality. Sound, n. Noise, note, tone, re- port; impulse, vibration. ANT. Silence; taciturnity; stillness, hush, lull, muteness. Sound, a. Whole, unbroken, un- harmed, free, perfect, healthy; firm, strong, solid, safe; cor- rect, true, orthodox; deep, pro- found, undisturbed; right; le- gal, valid, undefective; entire, thorough, substantial, irrefu- table. ANT. Unsound, broken, par- tial, harmed; imperfect, soft, diseased; weak, mellow, unsafe; incorrect, untrue, heterodox; light, trivial, fragile; illegal, illegitimate, invalid, defective; insubstantial, fallacious, hol- loio, unfounded. Sovereign, n. King, prince, po- tentate, monarch, emperor ; ruler. ANT. Subject, peasant, serf. [ 257 ] sov] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [spr Sovereign, a. Supreme, para- mount, superior, chief; indepen- dent, unlimited, absolute; con- trolling, efficacious ; princely, royal; primary, principal, re- gal, imperial; predominant. ANT. Inferior, subordinate, subservient, ministerial, secon- dary, subject; popular, menial; inefficient, une/ficacious, uncer- tain, weak. Space. Extension, room; inter- val, duration, time; capacity, distance, measure, quantity ; boundlessness, illimitableness ; immeasurableness, immensity. ANT. Confinement, proxim- ity, limitation, restriction, con- tiguity, continuity. Spare, a. Scanty, sparing, fru- gal, wanting, lacking, parsi- monious, needed, chary; su- perfluous; lean, meager, thin, gaunt. ANT. Ample, abundant, pro- fuse, plentiful, liberal, bounti- ful, unsparing, unstinted, unre- stricted, generous; plump, fat, corpulent, portly. Sparse. Scattered, sprinkled, in- frequent, thin, scanty, meager, few. ANT. Dense, thick, plentiful, many, populous, crowded, nu- merous, frequent, multitudi- nous. Speak. Say, talk, tell, utter, dis- course, articulate, converse, ex- press, chat, chatter, enunciate, pronounce; announce, declaim, declare, deliver. ANT. Be mute or dumb; keep silence, be taciturn; sup- press; recall. Speculation. Venture ; theory, view, notion, conjecture; con- sideration, meditation, contem- plation, thought, weighing; hy- pothesis, scheme. ANT. Certainty, fact, ver- ity, proof, realization, verifica- tion. Speech. Address, discourse, lan- guage, speaking, talk, oration, utterance, sermon, harangue, dissertation, oratory, disquisi- tion. ANT. Hush, silence, stillness, taciturnity, speechlessness. Spirit. Life, soul; ghost, spec- ter; fairy, sprite; energy, vi- vacity, ardor, courage, enthusi- asm; intellectuality; meaning, intent; vapor; distilled liquid; air, breath ; intelligence, imma- teriality, essence, disembodi- ment, apparition ; activity, ear- nestness, zeal; temper, disposi- tion; principle, motive. ANT. Substance, body, cor~ poreity, flesh, frame, material- ity, embodiment, organization; spiritlessness, timidity, lifeless- ness, soullessness, deadness, tor- por, dejection, slowness. Spiritual. Immaterial, incorpo- real, mental, intellectual; holy, divine, heavenly-minded; eccle- siastical, sacred; moral; reli- gious, ethical. ANT. Carnal, fleshly, mate- rial, sensuous; gross; unspirit- ual. Splendid. Shining, showy, mag- nificent, sumptuous, pompous; illustrious, brilliant, famous; gorgeous, grand, glorious; im- posing; superb, heroic, noble. ANT. Dull, tame, obscure, tarnished, tawdry, somber, beg- garly, gloomy, poor, ordinary, ineffective, inglorious, insignifi- cant, mean, low. Spontaneous. Free, intentional, voluntary, willing, unbidden, impulsive, automatic, instinc- tive, deliberate. ANT. Forced, compelled, co- erced, unwilling, reluctant. Spread, v. Open, unfurl, dis- [ 258 spr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ste perse, distribute, scatter, circu- late, disseminate, dispense; ex- tend, stretch, expand, amplify; divulge, propagate, publish, dif- fuse. ANT. Collect, condense, con- tract, furl, gather, close, shut; confine, suppress, restrict, re- call, conceal, hush, localize. Spring, v. Leap, bound, jump; shoot, fly, dart, start; emerge; bend, warp ; proceed, issue, re- sult; burst, emanate, flow; rise, originate, germinate. ANT. Settle, alight, arrive, land, drop; end, terminate, de- bouch, finish, eventuate. Spy. Scout, emissary, detective. Stable, a. Steady, abiding, firm, strong, durable; fixed, estab- lished; constant, resolute, un- wavering; secure, stanch, per- manent; solid, lasting, perpet- ual; immobile, rigid, unmov- able. ANT. Vacillating, wavering, unsteady, toppling, weak, tot- tering, infirm, insecure, precari- ous, frail, unstable; transient, ephemeral, evanescent, vanish- ing, non-durable. Stain, v. Blot, spot, sully, tar- nish, tinge, tint, color, discolor, disgrace, dishonor, dye, soil. ANT. Preserve inviolate or unspotted. Stand, v. Rest, continue upright or erect, be situated or located ; cease, stop, pause, halt; en- dure, last; maintain, be fixed or steady; be, consist; agree, accord; endure, sustain, bear; withstand; submit to. ANT. Advance, move, pro- ceed, progress; fail, fall, die, depart, run, yield, succumb, drop; give up, surrender; re- taliate, avenge, resent. Standard, n. Flag, colors, ban- ner, ensign; criterion, test; support, frame; model, type, norm; gage, measure, scale; upright; exemplar. ANT. Misrule, mismeasure- ment, misadjustment, misfit, non-criterion. State, v. Declare, tell, assert, affirm, asseverate, allege, tes- tify, assure, swear, set forth, protest, predicate, pronounce, specify, propound, maintain, inform, express, depose, claim, avow, avouch, aver, certify. ANT. Deny, contradict, con- trovert, disprove, refute, re- pudiate, waive, contravene, dispute, gainsay, oppose, re- tract. Station. Depot; place, spot, po- sition, stand; office, sphere; state, rank, condition, occupa- tion, business. ANT. Removal, departure; dislodgment, ejection, displace- ment; locomotion. Stay, v. Stop; prop, hold up, support, sustain; hold, re- strain; hold back, hinder, de- lay ; check ; fasten, secure ; con- tinue, abide, remain; dwell, tarry, linger, wait; forbear; rest, depend, rely. ANT. Loose, liberate, free; fail, let fall; expedite, speed, accelerate; proceed, advance, progress, go on; move, depart; oppress, burden ; overthrow. Steadfast. Established, firm ; constant, resolute ; grounded, rooted, placed; resolved, un- wavering, stanch. ANT. Unsteady, unattached; vacillating, icavering, weak, in- secure, irresolute, inconstant, unreliable. Steep. Sharp, sheer, high, pre- cipitous, abrupt. ANT. Gradual, level, slight, fiat, easy, gentle, horizontal, low. [ 259 ] sti] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [str Stiff. Rigid, inflexible, strong, obstinate, pertinacious, rigor- ous, constrained, affected; un- bending, unpliant; starched; formal, ceremonious, difficult, punctilious, stately; austere, peremptory, inexorable, un- compromising. ANT. Flexible, pliant, un- affected, amenable, easy, yield- ing, affable, genial, unceremoni- ous, informal; pliable, malle- able; considerate, compromis- ing. Still. Noiseless; inert, stag- nant, serene; motionless, rest- ful, quiet; silent, calm, sound- less, low; hushed, mute, placid, quiescent ; stationary ; gentle, soft, mild, pacific, peaceful. ANT. Disturbed, agitated, moved, restless; noisy, moving, loud, resonant, turbulent; un- quiet, rough, harsh. Stop. Suppress, discontinue, de- lay, interrupt; close, obstruct; arrest, impede; restrain, hin- der, repress; cease, halt, stay, tarry; bar, seal; suspend, end, terminate. ANT. Assist, advance, con- tinue, expedite, speed, hasten, promote; clear, open; improve, push, benefit; progress; facili- tate; initiate, commence, be- gin. Storm. Agitation, disturbance, tempest. ANT. Calm, hush, peace, se- renity, stillness, tranquillity, fair weather. Story. Narrative, legend, anec- dote, account, tale, record, re- cital, incident, myth, narration, novel, relation. ANT. Annals, chronicle, bi- ography, history, memoir. Stout. Corpulent; portly; vig- orous, strong, lusty, robust; firm, resolute, bold; tough; large, bulky; brawny; valiant^ courageous, redoubtable. ANT. Thin, slender, weak9 lean, frail, feeble, attenuate^ emaciated; timid, irresolute, cowardly. Strange. Outlandish, wonder- ful, astonishing, marvelous, un- common, irregular, queer, odd, eccentric; foreign, new, novel, unusual; reserved, distant; un- familiar, unaccustomed, inex- perienced. ANT. Familiar, usual, com- mon, general, universal, accus- tomed, ordinary, home, domes- tic, regular, customary, habit- ual, commonplace. Strength. Robustness, tough- ness, hardness, stoutness, spirit, lustiness, puissance, authority; force, vigor, power; endurance, resistance; security, validity; firmness; intensity; virtue; en- ergy, nerve, sinew, fiber; soundness. ANT. Weakness, thinness, frailty, softness, delicacy; im- becility, feebleness; spiritless- ness, impotence, inability; in- security, invalidity; waver- ing. Strenuous. Eager, pressing, ur- gent; zealous, ardent, earnest; bold, intrepid ; strong, deter- mined, resolute; vigorous, en- ergetic, vehement, forceful. ANT. Weak, irresolute, vac- illating, wavering, enervated, undetermined. Strong-. Powerful, cogent, mus- cular; robust, lusty, sinewy, hale, hearty, vigorous, force- ful: enduring, resistant; vio- lent, forcible; ardent, zealous, vehement, earnest, solid, nour- ishing; firm; capable, potent, effective, influential, sound ; pungent; hardy, tenacious. ANT. Weak, feeble, infirm, [ 260 •til] SYNONYMS AJNJD ANTON 1' MS [sub sickly, exhausted, debilitated, wanting, pliant, frail, soft; low, faint; spiritless, foolish; wavering, impotent, powerless, defenseless, insecure, delicate; ^inefficacious, unconvincing, un- satisfactory, unavailing, flac- cid, nerveless. Stubborn. Obstinate, inflexible, obdurate, headstrong, harsh, in- tractable, firm, contumacious, heady; unbending, unyielding, persistent, refractory. ANT. Yielding, pliant, mild, gentle, docile, tractable, man- ageable, flexible, pliable; vacil- lating, wavering, irresolute, undecided. Studious. Contemplative, ob- servant ; sedulous, earnest, dili- gent; studied; absorbed, medi- tative, thoughtful, attentive, pondering, devoted, musing, cogitative; careful, literary, re- flective, assiduous. ANT. Illiterate, unliterary, idle, indulgent, careless, inat- tentive, thoughtless, negligent, regardless, indifferent. Study, n. Application, learning, acquisition, meditation, con- templation ; diligence, consid- eration, thought, research, en- deavor, knowledge, purpose, in- tention, attention, concentra- tion. ANT. Idleness, dawdling, il- literacy, ease, indifference, in- diligence, negligence, careless- ness, unstudiousness, thought- lessness. Stupid. Simple, insensible, sot- tish, sluggish, senseless, dolt- ish, heavy, dull ; stolid, insen- sate, obtuse, prosy. ANT. Quick, bright, sharp, intelligent, responsive, clever, . sensible, eager, animated, pen- etrating. Stupidity. Slowness, dulness, obtusenesa, insensibility, slug- gishness, stupor, apathy. ANT. Intelligence, anima- tion, brilliancy, acuteness, sen- sibility, cleverness, sense, sa- gacity, quickness, readiness, alertness, keenness. Stupor. Apathy, awoon, torpor, lethargy, coma, fainting, un- consciousness, stupefaction, as- phyxia, swooning, insensibility, syncope. Sublime. Exalted, lofty, noble, majestic, grand, stately, mag- nificent, dignified, elevated, au- gust, pompous, high, eminent, glorious. ANT. Low, ignoble, debased, degraded, inglorious, ordinary, mean, undignified, inconspicu- ous, unimposing, ridiculous. Submissive. Obedient, compli- ant, yielding, obsequious, sub- servient, humble, modest, pas- sive, docile, acquiescent. ANT. Disobedient, haughty, proud, arrogant, unyielding, conceited, active, rebellious, re- luctant, defiant, refractory, re- sistant. Subsidy. Aid, allowance, gift, bounty, reward, tribute, sup- port, subvention, pension, bo- nus, premium, grant, indem- nity. Substantial. Real, solid, true, existing, essential ; corporeal, material; strong, stout, re- sourceful, massive, tangible, bulky; sensuous. ANT. Imaginary, unreal, in- substantial, fictitious, supposi- titious, immaterial, weak, chi- merical, visionary, spiritual, disembodied, ghostly. Subtle. Artful, crafty, cunning, shrewd, sly, wily ; astute, guile- ful, discriminating, insinuat- ing, sophistical. ANT. Frank, honest, open, [ 261 ] sub] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [sup sincere, artless, undiscriminat- ing, undiscerning, simple, di- rect, blunt, unsophisticated. Subvert. Destroy, ruin, sup- plant, suppress, supersede, ex- tinguish, overthrow, overturn. ANT. Conserve, preserve, up- hold, sustain, keep, perpetuate. Succeed. Follow, pursue; en- sue, result, be subsequent; descend, devolve; gain, acquire, attain, obtain, achieve, accom- plish ; supervene ; nourish, pros- per, thrive. ANT. Precede, anticipate, an- tecede; fail, deteriorate, be lacking, lose, miss, disappoint, be deficient in; decline, wane, decay. Succession. Succeeding, series, sequence, order; lineage, de- scent ; following, continuity, consecution, rotation, regular- ity. ANT. Antecedence, prece- dence, anticipation, forerun- ning, prevention; disorder, ir- regularity, non-sequence, inter- mission, gap, failure, inconsec- utiveness. Sudden. Unexpected, unusual, abrupt, unlocked for, hasty, unanticipated, unforeseen, un- provided for ; rash, quick, heed- less, reckless. ANT. Anticipated, foreseen, expected; slow, gradual, tran- sitional, moderate; wary, cau- tious, careful, provident. Suffer. Support, sustain, toler- ate, permit; allow, let, grant, consent to; endure, bear, sub- mit to, undergo, be affected by, experience. ANT. Resist, rebel, repel, withstand; forbid, disallow, re- fuse, reject, expel, repudiate; fight, antagonize, challenge. Sufficient. Competent, satis- factory, full, ample; equal, ad- equate, enough; qualified, ca- pable, responsible; efficient; adapted, fitted. ANT. Inadequte, incompe- tent, unsatisfactory, lacking, wanting, unequal, unfit, inca- pable, unqualified, insufficient, unsuited, meager, short, defi- cient, scanty. Suggestion. Hint, innuendo, intimation, insinuation, impli- cation. Suitable. Proper, competent, correspondent, consonant, com- patible, congruous, consistent; fitting, accordant, becoming, adapted; seemly, appropriate, agreeable, convenient; harmo- nious, uniform; homogeneous. ANT. Improper, divergent, incompetent, incompatible, dis- sonant, incongruous, inconsis- tent, unfit, discordant, unbe- coming; unseemly, inappropri- ate, inconvenient; unharmoni- ous, different, heterogeneous. Sum. Aggregate, quantity, mag- nitude, amount ; compendium, substance, gist; height, com- pletion; total, whole, compu- tation; example, problem; col- lection; drift, bearing. ANT. Part, portion, half, fraction, item, particular; in- completeness, imperfection, dis- crepancy; article, detail, frag- ment, component, constituent, element. Superb. Grand, magnificent, au- gust, stately; rich, elegant; showy, excellent; princely, gor- geous, splendid; proud. ANT. Mean, shabby, poor, undignified, dingy; meager; tawdry, impoverished; ordi- nary, common; humble, plain, unimposing. Superior. Elevated, higher, up- per; surpassing, greater; pre- eminent, excellent, ascendent, [ 262 sup] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [swe predominant, prevalent, advan- tageous, beneficial. ANT. Inferior, lower, worse, deeper, meaner, subordinate, lesser, mediocre, ordinary, av- erage, common, unremarkable, inconspicuous, detrimental, dis- advantageous; declining, dete- riorating. Supernatural. Miraculous, pre- ternatural, superhuman. ANT. Common, natural, or- dinary, commonplace, every- day, usual. Supple. Pliant, flexible, bend- ing; fawning, soft; yielding, compliant, submissive; flatter- ing, obsequious, subservient, servile, cringing, adulatory; lithe, limber, elastic. ANT. Firm, stiff, unyield- ing, obstinate, infleorible, hard, dominant, domineering; abu- sive, scolding, tyrannous; un- bending, stubborn, independent, self-assertive, supercilious, ar- rogant, haughty. Support. Maintain, sustain, up- hold, cherish, keep, bear, prop, carry, tolerate, hold up, keep up. ANT. Demolish, abandon, betray, destroy, drop, desert, wreck, break down, cast down, overthrow, let go, throw down. Suppose. Deem, guess, imag- ine, think, conjecture, surmise. ANT. Conclude, ascertain, discover, prove, know, be sure. Suppress. Repress, subdue, re- strain, overthrow, quell, over- whelm, conceal, stifle, smother, stop ; overpower, extinguish, destroy. ANT. Excite, fan, increase, augment, strengthen, raise, ag- gravate; pubJish, promulgate, advertise, spread, disseminate; intensify. Sure. Unfailing, infallible, per- manent, steady, stable, strong, indisputable, confident, posi- tive, firm; certain, safe, secure, assured, believing, trusting, un- questioning; abiding, fast. ANT. Insecure, fallible, un- steady, inconstant, wavering, indeterminate, dubitable, un- certain, questionable, imperma- nent, doubtful, hesitating, dis~ trustful, precarious, disputable, loose. Surrender. Abandon, give over, relinquish, resign, waive, yield, alienate, capitulate, cede, let go, sacrifice, give one's self up. ANT. Resist, withstand, op- pose, thwart, baffle; die. Suspense. Uncertainty, expecta- tion, apprehension, anxiety, in- determination, indecision ; so- licitude, intermission, protrac- tion, abeyance, doubt; pause, stop. ANT. Decision, settlement, determination, finality, execu- tion; achievement, termination, accomplishment, end; unin- terruption, continuance, con- tinuity, regularity, sequence. Sustenance. Subsistence, food, provision, maintenance, sup- port; supplies, aliment, nutri- ment, nourishment; livelihood, living, nutrition, sustenta- tion. ANT. Starvation, loant, in- digence, poverty, hunger, lack, thirst, inanition, exhaustion; non-subsistence, non-support. Sweet. Sugary, saccharine, dul- cet, luscious; agreeable, pleas- ing, fragrant, soft, melodious ; beautiful, mild, fair; fresh; amiable, winning: wholesome. ANT. Sour, bitter, sharp, add; discordant, inharmoni- ous, dissonant: disagreeable, displeasing; fetid, malodorous; plain, homely; stale, unwhole- swi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [tas some, spoiled; offensive, repul- sive, unlovely. Swift. Quick, fleet, speedy, ex- peditious, rapid, prompt; ac- celerated, nimble, alert, ready, headlong, eager, fast. ANT. Slow, tardy, delaying, late, unready, laggard, delib- erate, sedate, reluctant, linger- ing, lazy, loitering, inactive, sluggish, inexpeditious. Symmetry. Proportion, grace, conformity, uniformity, simi- larity, regularity, shapeliness, harmony, agreement; comeli- ness. ANT. Disproportion, dishar- mony, incongruity, irregular- ity, disagreement, disparity, shapelessness; interdisparity. Sympathy. Pity, compassion, commiseration, tenderness, con- dolence; fellow-feeling; agree- ment, conformity, reciprocity; congeniality. ANT. Antipathy, harshness, antagonism, unkindness, cold' ness, mercilessness, pitiless- ness. Synonymous. Similar, corre- spondent, like, identical, inter- changeable, alike, same, corre- sponding, synonymic, equiva- lent. ANT. Antonymic. System. Order, mode, method, regularity, rule, manner. ANT. Confusion, chaos, dis- order, derangement, irregular- ity, disarrangement. Tacit. Silent, implied, granted, unexpressed, understood, im- plicit. ANT. Mentioned, expressed, explicit, declared. Taciturn. Mute, silent, speech- less, reserved, close, dumb, un- communicntive, reticent. ANT. Communicative, free, garrulous, loquacious, talka- tive, unreserved. Take. Lay hold, seize, grasp, obtain ; capture, fasten on ; at- tack ; gain, captivate, charm ; choose, turn to; employ, use, demand, require; copy, deline- ate; assume, adopt; acquire; engage in, indulge in; carry, convey, conduct; remove, with- draw, deduct; acknowledge, ac- cept; receive, admit; partake of, swallow; undertake, clear; tolerate, endure; consider, in- terpret, suppose; receive, sub- mit to, bear. ANT. Drop, reject, abandon, surrender, miss, lose, repel, re- fuse, decline, repulse, spurn. Talent. Ability, gift, endow- ment, genius, faculty; capac- ity, cleverness, aptitude, forte. ANT. Inability, ineptitude, incompetence, imbecility, stu- pidity. Tangible. Perceptible, tactile, palpable; apprehensible, evi- dent, manifest, clear; material, substantial, sensible, obvious. ANT. Impalpable, spiritual, intangible, incorporeal, imma- terial, incomprehensible. Tart. Sharp, acid, sour; keen, severe; harsh, caustic, petu- lant, acrimonious. ANT. Gentle, mild, genial, kindly, poUte; mellow, sweet. Taste, n. Savor, relish, flavor, sensibility, judgment; discern- ment, nicety, perception, zest^ choice, elegancy, refinement. 264 ] tas] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [terr ANT. Disrelish, insipidity, ill-savor, coarseness, indelicacy, non-perception, indiscrimina- tion. Tasteful. Delicate, artistic, el- egant, dainty, esthetic, exqui- site, fastidious, fine, chaste, nice, tasty, delicious, esthetical. ANT. Coarse, rough, rude, harsh, hideous, clumsy, dis- ffusting, deformed, displeasing, fulsome, gaudy, grotesque, dis- tasteful, horrid, inartistic, in- harmonious, meretricious, of- fensive, ragged, tawdry. Taunt, v. Ridicule, mock, jeer, deride, revile, flout, scoff, scorn, insult; reproach, rebuke, cen- sure. ANT. Compliment, flatter, approve of, congratulate. Teach. Discipline, instruct, tu- tor, school, train, educate, en- lighten, drill, inculcate, give lessons, give instructions, in- doctrinate, inform, initiate, in- still, nurture. ANT. Learn, study, prac- tice, investigate, experiment, try, develop, receive, drink in, acquire, attain, imbibe, under- stand, glean, gather, collect. Tedious. Wearisome, fatiguing, irksome, tiresome; prolix, dull, slow, monotonous, tiring, try- ing. ANT. Interesting, exciting, amusing, charming, delightful, stirring, bright, entertaining. Tell. Enumerate, communicate, impart, reveal, disclose, report, acquaint, repeat, rehearse, dis- cover; count, number, reckon, recount; narrate, divulge; in- form, teach; order, command, request. Temerity. Audacity, foolhar- diness, rashness, presumption, recklessness, hardihood, hasti- ness, heedlessness, precipita- tion, overconfidence, precipi- tancy, venturesomeness. ANT. Care, caution, hesita- tion, cowardice, timidity, wari- ness, circum-spection. Temporal. Transient, fleeting, transitory, temporary; terres- trial, worldly, secular, mun- dane. ANT. Eternal, permanent, everlasting; religious, spirit- ual. Tendency. Proneness, drift, aim, disposition; direction, course; influence; inclination, leaning, bent, bias; proclivity, aptitude, propensity, liability. ANT. Aversion, repulsion, repugnance; opposition, reluc- tance, divergence, tangency, de- viation. Tender. Effeminate, soft, sen- sitive, compassionate, humane, kind, merciful, pitiful, dear, delicate; gentle, mild, suscep- tible. ANT. Hard, pitiless, callous, careless, heedless, rough, coarse, unkind, inhuman, unmerciful, unfeeling ; hardy, strong, stur- dy. Tension. Strain, stretch, effort, stretching, tensity, tenseness, rigor, severity, harshness, stiff- ness, tightness. ANT. Relaxation, release, re- lief, laxity, slackness, looseness. Term. Boundary, limit; expres- sion, phrase, word, name ; mem- ber, condition, denomination. Termination. Limit, end, con- clusion, bound, result; com- pletion, consequence, effect; ful- filment, consummation, accom- plishment, achievement, finis, finality, exit, issue. ANT. Beginning, initiation, inception, commencement, risef start, origin, source, cause, pro- cess, course. [ 265 ] ter] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Terrible. Terrific, fearful, hor- rible, shocking, awful; dread- ful, formidable, frightful; tre- mendous ; astounding, startling. ANT. Insignificant, amusing, pleasing; unastonishing. Terse. Concise, pithy, succinct, short, brief, laconic, compact, sententious, condensed, com- pendious, neat. ANT. Long, lengthy, tedious, wordy, diffuse, prolix, verbose. Testimony. Affirmation, certi- fication, deposition, proof, evi- dence, witness, affidavit, attes- tation, oath. ANT. Demonstration. Theory. Hypothesis, specula- tion; doctrine, conjecture, ex- planation; assumption, scheme, postulate, plan; science, phil- osophy ; exposition, rationale ; supposition. ANT. Fact, truth, verity, ac- tuality. Therefore. Consequently, then, hence, thence, whence, where- fore, accordingly. ANT. Because, as for, inas- much as, since. Thick. Dense, close, compact, solid, coarse, gross; muddy, turbid, misty; crowded, abun- dant; indistinct; dull; numer- ous; inarticulate. ANT. Thin, rare, sparse, in- frequent; pure, limpid, crystal- line, clear, distinct, incompact, shallow, articulate. Think. Cogitate, contemplate ; remember, reflect, muse, medi- tate, ponder, consider, deliber- ate, judge, conclude, believe; purpose, intend, design, mean; presume, venture; imagine, ap- prehend. ANT. Guess, hazard; dream, idle, stargaze, wander, rove. Thought. Imagination, fancy, conceit, notion, consideration, supposition, contemplation, de- liberation ; reflection, cogita- tion, meditation, conception, solicitude, care, concern; rea- soning; idea, opinion, concept, judgment, purpose, intention, provision. ANT. Thoughtlessness, gid- diness, carelessness, inconsider- ation, dreaminess, dulness, stu- pidity, rashness, impulsiveness ; vacuity, dream, hallucination, aberration. Threat. Menace, denunciation, threatening, intimidation. ANT. Promise, encourage- ment, allurement, enticement; anticipation. Thrifty. Economical, saving, careful; sparing, frugal, indus- trious, prosperous, thriving; provident, foresighted. ANT. Wasteful, prodigal, un- economical, lavish, spendthrift, extravagant; slack, laay; im- provident, unprepared. Throng. Concourse, crowd, host, jam, mass, multitude, press. ANT. Solitude; unlderness, desert, waste. Tidings. Message, information, intelligence, news, rumor, re- port, advices, announcement. ANT. Suppression, censor- ship, misinformation, canard. Time. Epoch, era, period, date, age, eon, season, term, while, succession, sequence, duration. Timid. Fearful, timorous, cow- ardly, afraid, pusillanimous, faint-hearted, shrinking, retir- ing, shy; diffident, bashful. ANT. Bold, confident, ven- turesome, courageous, adven- turous, heedless. Tip. Incline, lean, list, slant, slope, tilt, cant, careen, dip, heel over. Tire. Exhaust, fag, weary, fa- tigue, jade, harass, wear out. [ 260 ] tit] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [tra ANT. Refresh, recreate, rest, relax, relieve, repose, restore, invigorate. Title. Epithet, name, appella- tion, designation, cognomen, de- nomination ; address, inscrip- tion, heading, style. ANT. Nondescript, nameless- ness. Together. With, in company, as- sociated, conjoined, unitedly, si- multaneously, contemporane- ously, coincidently. ANT. Separately, variously, independently. Toil. Labor, drudgery, work, ex- ertion, employment, occupation, task, travail. ANT. Rest, relaxation, recre- ation, ease,' amusement, plea-s- ure, enjoyment, fun. Tolerable. Endurable, bearable, supportable ; passable, medium, ordinary, mediocre, indiffer- ent. ANT. Intolerable, unendur- able, insufferable, unbearable, insupportable. Tool. Appliance, implement, ap- paratus, mechanism, utensil, machine, weapon. Topic. Head, division, motion, point, proposition, question, is- sue, subject, theme, matter. Torment. Pain, misery, agony, anguish, torture, distress. ANT. Enjoyment, pleasure, comfort, ease, gratification, de- light. Total, a. Whole, entire, full, ab- solute, complete, undivided. ANT. Partial, imperfect, in- complete, divided, fractional, sectional. Trace. Mark, remains, sign, ves- tige, track, token, trail, foot- mark, footprint, footstep, im- pression, memorial, remnant. Trade. Profession, occupation, office, calling, avocation, em- ployment, commerce, dealing, traffic. ANT. Stagnation, inactivity, dulness, embargo; leisure, va- cation, idleness, vacancy. Tragedy. Mournful drama; ca- tastrophe, calamity, adversity, disaster, affliction. ANT. Comedy, happinest, mirthful drama, prosperity, luck, good fortune. Traitor. Betrayer, turncoat, renegade, rebel, deceiver, apos- tate; insurgent, deserter, mu- tineer. ANT. Patriot, adherent, de- fender, supporter. Tranquil. Quiet, calm, undis- turbed, peaceful, unagitated; unruffled, composed, poised, col- lected, cool. ANT. Agitated, excited, un- easy, anxious, troubled, rest- less. Transact. Conduct, carry on, perform, act, accomplish, da, negotiate, treat. ANT. Leave alone, rest, stop, refrain, desist, cease. Transaction. Business, action, deed, proceeding, doing, affair, act, negotiation, performance. ANT. Inactivity, quiescence, rest, neglect, inaction, passivity. Transgression. Infringement, misdemeanor, misdeed, affront; violation, breach, fault, crime, offense, sin. ANT. Innocence, guiltless- ness; purity, righteousness; observance, obedience, fulfil- ment. Transient. Fleeting, tempo- rary, transitory, ephemeral, evanescent, brief, flitting, fly- ing, momentary, passing, fugi- tive, short. ANT. Permanent, perpetual, lasting, enduring, abiding, im- mortal, everlasting, unfading, ( 267 ] tra] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [turn undying, persistent, eternal, im- perishable. Transparent. Translucent, pel- lucid, clear, lucid; diaphanous; open, porous; crystalline, lim- pid, bright; perspicuous. ANT. Opaque, thick, turbid; mysterious, questionable, du- bious. Travel. Go, pass, journey, mi- grate, move, traverse, wander, roam. ANT. Dwell, reside, stay, re- main, settle. Treasure. Wealth, abundance, plenty; money, jewels, cash, valuables, hoard, riches, bul- lion; reserve. ANT. Refuse, trash, offal; dregs, trifles. Treaty. Negotiation, compact, agreement, covenant, alliance, convention, contract. ANT. Neutrality, non-in- terference, non-intervention. Tremendous. Frightful, terri- fic, horrible, awful; fearful, appalling, alarming, horrify- ing, dreadful. ANT. Unappalling, incon- siderable, unimposing. Trial. Attempt, endeavor, es- say; effort, exertion; experi- ence, proof, test; examination, experiment ; criterion, ordeal, assay ; temptation, trouble, affliction, distress, grief, suf- fering, tribulation. ANT. Non-attempt; ease, fa- tility; acceptance; oversight, disregard; trifle, triviality. Trick. Stratagem, wile, fraud, cheat, juggle, finesse, sleight; deception, imposture, delusion, imposition; artifice, machina- tion, contrivance, legerde- main. ANT. Exposure, revelation, examination; blunder, botch, bungling, fumbling, maladroit- ness, mishap; genuineness, art- lessness, openhandedness. Triumph. Success, conquest, victory; ovation, celebration, jubilee, jubilation, exultation; achievement, attainment. ANT. Defeat, failure, disap- pointment, discomfiture, abor- tion, baffling. Trouble. Affliction, sorrow, dis- turbance, perplexity, vexation, molestation, annoyance, incon- venience, calamity, misfortune, adversity, misery; tribulation, distress, disaster, torment, diffi- culty, anxiety. ANT. Blessing, peace, com- posure, alleviation, appease- ment, pleasure, fortune, boon, affluence, happiness, joy, suc- cess, gladness, ease, facility, amusement, recreation. True. Correct, accurate, pre- cise, exact; unwavering, faith- ful, loyal; actual, pure, real, genuine; veritable. ANT. Untrue, false, ficti- tious, unreliable, incorrect, in- accurate, inexact; vacillating, disloyal, faithless; counterfeit, impure, unreal, factitious, un- trustworthy, adulterated, spu- rious, fickle, treacherous. Trust, n. Confidence, belief, ex- pectation, faith, hope; reliance. ANT. Doubt, misgiving, dis- trust, skepticism, suspense; de- spair. Truth. Fact, reality, fidelity, conformity, exactness ; stead- fastness; veracity, verity; ac- curacy, precision, faithfulness. ANT. Falsehood, falsity, lie, untruth, fabrication, fiction; fallacy, mistake, sophism. Tumult. Ferment, disturbance, turbulence, disorder, bluster, hubbub, bustle, brawl, riot; ex. citement, distraction, confusion, turmoil, noise. [ 268 ] tur] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [unc ANT. Peace, order, orderli- ness, pacification, quiet, sub- sidence. Turn, n. Revolution; alteration, vicissitude ; winding, bending, meandering; stroll; succession, alternation ; chance, occasion ; convenience, purpose, exigence; form, cast, shape, manner, fash- ion; rotation, recurrence; op- portunity; deed, office, treat- ment, act; tendency, talent, gift; crisis. ANT. Fixity, unchangeable- ness, immobility, uniformity, stability, continuity; indepen- dence; malformation, shape- lessness. Turn, v. Revolve, reverse, de- flect, change; divert, transfer, use, employ, apply, devote; al- ter, metamorphose, transform, convert; shape, mold, adapt; whirl; hinge, depend; eventu- ate, issue, terminate. ANT. Stick, stop, remain; adhere, hold to; persist, con- tinue; stabilitate, perpetuate, arrest, stereotype. Tutor. Teacher, instructor, pro- fessor, preceptor, master, sa- vant, guardian, governor. ANT. Pupil, student, nov- ice, disciple, scholar, ward, learner. Twist, v. Contort, writhe, con- volve; pervert, distort; wind, wreathe ; insinuate ; encircle. ANT. Straighten, untwist, rectify, unwind, disentangle, unravel; verify, substantiate. Type. Mark, stamp, sign, em- blem; style, semblance; repre- sentation, similitude, figure, symbol, token; character, pat- tern, archetype, model, norm; cast, mold, fashion. ANT. Caricature, monstros- ity, abnormity; falsification, deviation; misrepresentation. u Ubiquity. Omnipresence; uni- versal presence, all-pervasive- ness. ANT. Localization, limita- tion. Ugly. Loathsome, unsightly, re- pulsive ; ill-natured, quarrel- some; unpleasant; plain, ordi- nary, homely, hideous, fright- ful; cross, vicious. ANT. Attractive, handsome, fair, pleasant, agreeable, beau- tiful, shapely, comely; lovely, kindly, good-natured, gentle. Ultimate. Final, last, conclu- sive, farthest, extreme, most remote; elemental. ANT. Initial, nearest, be- ginning, primary. UXL-. A prefix meaning not or icithout, or simply intensive, which ia prefixed to nouns, ad- jectives, adverbs, and the par- ticiples of verbs. Words whose meaning is simply that of the root word with negative or in- tensive emphasis are omitted here, and their synonyms and antonyms may be formed from those of the root word. Unction. Anointing, ointment; power, fervor, animation, fer- vency, ardor, enthusiasm, en- ergy, spirit, emotion. ANT. Tameness, perfunctori- ness, coldness, lifelessness. Unctuous. Fatty, oily, greasy; bland, suave, tender, fervid ; ob- sequious, fawning, servile, sye~ ophantic. [ 269 ] und] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [unl ANT. Blunt, brusk, abrupt; cynical, sarcastic; harsh, un- mannerly, uncomplimentary. Under-. A prefix meaning be- neath or below. Words whose meaning is simply that of the root word with the meaning of the prefix added are omitted in this place, and their syno- nyms and antonyms may be formed in many cases from those of the root word. Under, prep. Below, beneath, underneath. ANT. Above, upon, over. Understand. Know, compre- hend ; learn, be informed, hear ; recognize, interpret; imply, assume ; apprehend, discern, see, perceive, conceive, pene- trate. ANT. Misunderstand, mis- comprehend, misinterpret; de- clare, state; express, inform. Understanding. Sense, intelli- gence, conception, perception, discernment, knowledge, intu- ition, cognition, reason; inter- pretation; mind, brains. ANT. Insensibility, stupid- ity, dulness, obtuseness, sense- lessness, slowness, irrational- : ity, sluggishness, ignorance, un- intelligence. Undertake. Engage, enter, set about, attempt; covenant, con- tract; guarantee, promise, af- firm; project, commence; stip- ulate. ANT. Abandon, drop, desist, discontinue, decline; complete, finish, end, terminate. Undertaking. Enterprise, en- gagement, attempt, adventure, business, effort, endeavor; ex- periment, venture, interest, af- fair, matter, concern. ANT. Leisure, inactivity; recreation, Undulation. Waving motion ; vibration; wavy outline; pul- sation; oscillation, swelling; wave, ripple. ANT. Equilibrium; arresta- tion, standing; plain, table- land. Uniform. Unchanging, equable, consistent, homogeneous ; con- sonant; regular, constant, in- variable, steady; similar, un- varied, alike. ANT. Heterogeneous, vari- able, varying, diverse; irregu- lar, inconsistent, erratic, eccen- tric, unsymmetrical. Union. Unity, connection, con- cord, combination, confederacy, alliance ; coalition, conjunc- tion; harmony, concert, agree- ment ; league, confederation, consolidation; oneness, junc- ture, unification. ANT. Disconnection, separa- tion, disjunction, disunion, di- vorce, severance, analysis, dis- sociation, contrariety, decompo- sition, division, schism, parti- tion, discord, disagreement, se- cession, disruption; multiplica- tion, diversification. Unique. Sole, only, unmatched, unequalled, unparalleled, sin- gular, peculiar, exceptional, rare. ANT. Common, universal, everyday, commonplace, ordi- nary, familiar, vulgar, mean. Unison. Harmony, agreement, concord, union, accordance. ANT. Discord, variance, dis' agreement, divergence. Unit. Oneness, unity; one; in- tegral; item, individual. ANT. Sum, mass, total, ag- gregate, whole, collection. Unite. Add, join, attach, an( nex; combine, connect; agree harmonize, associate, coalesce; incorporate, consolidate, amal gamate, blend, embody, merge > [ 270 ] uni] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [use concur, coSperate, league, con- federate. ANT. Disjoin, sever, sepa- rate, divide, resolve, discon- nect; disintegrate, dissociate, sunder, diverge; multiply, split, disrupt. Unity. Oneness, concord, con- junction, agreement, junction, uniformity, harmony, union ; singleness, unanimity. ANT. Separation, disunion, disconnection, division, disa- greement, divorce. "Universal. General, unlimited, all-reaching; total, whole, en- tire; catholic, common; com- prehensive, exhaustive, com- plete. ANT. Specific, special, indi- vidual, particular, limited, lo- cal, partial, exclusive, excep- tional. "Up-. A prefix giving the idea of elevation or an intensive value. Words whose meaning is derived quite simply from that of the root plus that of the prefix are omitted here. Their synonyms and antonyms may be readily formed from those of the root word. Upbraid. Reproach, censure, blame, condemn; taunt, chide, reprove. ANT. Approve, commend, praise, eulogize, compliment, applaud. Upon. On; about, concerning; with, immediately after, forth- with. ANT. Under, beneath, "be- low; before, after, without. Upper. Higher, superior, on top. ANT. Lower, inferior, below, beneath. Upright. Erect, perpendicular, vertical; honest, just, honor- able, conscientious, virtuous, good, faithful, true, trust- worthy. ANT. Inclined, slanted; in- verted; unprincipled, dishon- est, unscrupulous, corrupt, un- conscientious. Uproar. Tumult, disturbance, confusion, bustle, clamor, com- motion, turmoil, racket, noise, din. ANT. Peace, calm, quiet, si- lence, order, tranquillity. Urbane. Courteous, polite, re- fined, suave, elegant; civil, pol- ished. ANT. Discourteous, uncivilt unrefined, impolite, rude, boor- ish. Urge. Animate, instigate, stimu- late, encourage, arouse; impel, press, drive; beseech, entreat, importune; goad, spur, incite; hasten, accelerate, expedite. ANT. Hold back, hinder, ob- struct, prevent, retard, inhibit, restrain; defy, challenge, dare; oppose, object. Urgent. Urging, pressing, im- portunate, immediate, impor- tant, imperative, grave, momen- tous, serious, cogent, solicitous, critical, emergency, necessi- tous. ANT. Trivial, insignificant, unimportant, immaterial, in- considerable. Usage. Custom, wont, habit, use; mode, method, manners, behavior; practice, procedure; fashion. Use. Employment, application, occasion, necessity, usefulness, utility; practice, usage, cus- tom, manner, habit; service^ advantage; profit, avail, need; benefit. ANT. Uselessness, misappli- cation, super -fluousness, worth- lessness, disuse, non-observ- ance, desuetude. [ 271 ] use] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [vac Useful. Advantageous, profit- able, serviceable, beneficial ; fruitful, effectual, suitable, ef- fective, adapted, helpful, good, convenient, valuable, available. ANT. Useless, profitless, un- profitable, valueless, unservice- able, fruitless, inconducive, in- effectual, unavailing, retarding, hindering, preventive, obstruc- tive, cumbersome, burdensome, unusable. Usual. Familiar, frequent, ordi- nary, regular, wonted, preva- lent, accustomed, common, cus- tomary, everyday, general, nor- mal, habitual, prevailing, pub- lic. ANT. Exceptional, infre- quent, extraordinary, strange, uncommon, unparalleled, un- usual, out-of-the-way, singular, rare. Usurp. Arrogate, assume, ap- propriate, seize. ANT. Inherit, accept, re- ceive. Utility. Profit, expediency, use, usefulness, avail, benefit, ad- vantage, service, usableness. ANT. Futility, inutility, in- adequacy, inexpediency, use- lessness, folly, impolicy, disad- vantage, worthlessness, un- profitableness. Utmost. Farthest, extreme, re- motest, last, most distant; ut- termost; greatest. ANT. Nearest, next; least. Utter, v. Issue, deliver, liberate, discharge; circulate, pass; ex- press, publish, disclose, speak, pronounce; promulgate. ANT. Suppress, recall, check, stifle, hush, repress; retract, disavow. Utter, a. Complete, perfect, to- tal, entire, absolute; peremp- tory, unconditional, unquali- fied; thorough. ANT. Imperfect, incomplete; conditioned, qualified; partial. Utterly. Fully, totally, thor- oughly. ANT. Partially, imperfectly, specifically. Vacancy. Emptiness; leisure, intermission, idleness ; vacu- um; chasm, gap; interval; va- cuity, space, void. ANT. Fulness, plethora, re- pletion; business, occupation, employment. Vacant. Blank, empty, void, un- occupied, waste, unemployed, untenanted, vacuous, unfilled, devoid, unencumbered, disen- gaged, idle, uncrowded; inane, silly; free; thoughtless, uare- flective; abandoned; inane; leisure; unmeaning. ANT. Full, filled, occupied, replenished, diligent, buaj/, en- gaged, employed; reflective, thoughtful, meaningful; brim- ful, busy, crammed, inhabited, packed, replete, brimmed, over- flowing, brimming, jammed, gorged, crowded. Vacate. Empty, make vacant, quit, resign, surrender; annul, abrogate, cancel, invalidate, ab- scind, abolish, overrule, neu- tralize. ANT. Fill, occupy, employ, hold, retain, substantiate. Vacation. Interval, intermis- sion, holidays, rest, leisure. ANT. Worktime, term, busi- ness. I 272 ] vac] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [val Vacillate. Fluctuate, waver, be unsteady, stagger, reel, sway, rock, hesitate, be inconstant, dubitate. ANT. Adhere, abide, deter- mine, be steadfast, stay. Vacillation. Wavering, fluctu- ating, swaying, reeling, rock- ing, fluctuation, hesitation, in- constancy, unsteadiness. ANT. Steadiness, firmness, inflexibility, determination. Vacuity. Emptiness, vacancy, void, vacuum; inanity, nihil- ity, inanition, unreality; space. ANT. Fulness, bulk, mat- ter, substance; occupation, ac- tuality, reality; contents. Vagabond. Wanderer, vagrant, tramp, rascal; outcast, loafer, nomad, idler, beggar, rogue. ANT. Worker, laborer. Vagary. Whim, freak, crotchet, whimsicality, caprice, fancy. ANT. Purpose, idea, deter- mination, judgment, serious- ness, conviction. Vagrant, a. Wandering, erratic, unsettled, strolling, itinerant, roving, sauntering, nomadic. ANT. Domestic, local, estab- lished, resident, abiding, dwell- ing. Vague. Unsettled, undetermined, indefinite, ambiguous, lax, un- certain, dim, doubtful, obscure, indistinct, unfixed, general, in- tangible, equivocal, pointless ; unwarranted, unauthorized. ANT. Determined, limited, strict, specific, pointed, definite, distinct, scientific, settled, clear, fixed, manifest, perspicuous. Vain. Futile, trivial, vapid, vis- ionary, worthless, abortive, un- satisfying, fruitless, empty, de- ceitful, baseless, delusive, boot- less, idle, ineffectual, shadowy, trifling, unserviceable, unsub- stantial, profitless, inconstant, unprofitable, null, nugatory, un- availing, unimportant, unreal; showy, useless ; conceited, arro- gant, ostentatious. ANT. Adequate, solid, use- ful, effective, powerful, worthy, important, sufficient, service- able, potent, competent, advan- tageous, beneficial, efficient, ear- pedient, profitable, real, sound, substantial, valid, valuable, es- sential, cogent, availing, satis- factory, modest. Valediction. Farewell, valedic- tory, leave-taking, adieu. ANT. Salutation, welcome, hail, reception, recognition. Valiant. Strong, powerful, in- trepid, courageous, brave, val- orous, heroic, gallant, chival- rous, daring, dauntless, bold, fearless, redoubtable, undaunt- ed, stout-hearted. ANT. Timid, cowardly, fear- ful, timorous, recreant, craven. Valid. Sound, good, justified, trustworthy, well-grounded, effi- cacious, weighty, powerful, effi- cient, conclusive, logical, solid, cogent, important, grave, sub- stantial, sufficient. ANT. Weak, invalid, null, void, unsound, baseless, falla- cious, unfounded, untrue; un- available, inoperative, super- seded. Validity. Soundness, justness, efficacy, force, weight, cogency, importance. ANT. Weakness, impotency, ineffectiveness, lightness, futil- ity. Valor. Bravery, courage, prow- ess, intrepidity, heroism, bold- ness, daring. ANT. Timidity, fearfulness, cowardice, pusillanimity. Valuable. Worthy, estimable, costly, precious, expensive, use- ful, dear, serviceable. [ 273 ] val] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [var ANT. Worthless, valueless, cheap, inexpensive, silly, use- less, trifling, trivial. Value, n. Worth, utility, desir- ability, importance, power; im- port, signification; esteem, re- gard, excellence; price, cost, equivalent. ANT. Cheapness, reduction, depreciation. Value, v. Compute, esteem, re- spect, regard; be worth, rate, appraise, estimate; appreciate, prize, treasure, account. ANT. Cheapen, reduce, con- temn, despise, undervalue, un- derestimate; disregard, dises- teem, misprize. Vanish. Disappear, fade, pass away, dissolve, melt away, be annihilated. ANT. Appear, approach, 'be manifest, loom up, arrive. Vanity. Pride, conceit; unreal- ity, worthiessness, emptiness ; hollo wness, triviality, futility, unsubstantiality, falsity; ego- ism, self-sufficiency; show, os- tentation. ANT. Reality, truth, worth; simplicity; modesty, humility, self -distrust ; substance, solid- ity. Vanquish. Conquer, overcome, subdue, defeat, surmount, con- fute, silence; subjugate, over- throw, master, foil, discomfit, quell; disprove, confound. ANT. Succumb, yield, fail. Vapid. Dead, spiritless, flat, in- sipid, dull, unanimated; taste- less, stale, tame; languid, pro- saic, feeble, prosy. ANT. Pungent, spirited, ani- mated, pithy, trenchant. Vapor, n. Fume, steam, reek, ex- halation, smoke, fog, mist; va- gary, phantom, whim, dream, vision ; flatulence ; fantasy. ANT. Inhalation, absorption. Variable. Changeable, fickle, in- constant, mutable, shifting, un- steady, vacillating, wavering, fluctuating, versatile, capri- cious. ANT. Unchanging, immu- table, constant, firm, unwaver- ing, steady, invariable, unalter- able. Variance. Variation, dissension, disagreement, discord, differ- ence, alteration, strife; hostil- ity, antagonism, discrepancy, estrangement. ANT. Harmony, agreement, assimilation, reconciliation, ac- commodation, peace. Variation. Modification, alter- ation, mutation, change, diver- sity, vicissitude, variety, devia- tion; departure, difference, dis- crepancy. ANT. Fixity, harmony, con- tinuance, uniformity, rule, law, agreement. Variegated. Streaked, dappled, particolored, diversified, varied, checkered, figured, mottled. ANT. Unspotted, spotless, speckless. Variety. Diversity, difference, as- sortment, species, class, multi- far iousness, medley, miscellany, multiplicity, kind. ANT. Type, species, speci- men, uniformity. Various. Different, diverse, sev- eral, manifold, changeable, un- certain, inconstant, variable, variegated, sundry, diversified. ANT. Identical, few, same, uniform, similar, single. Varnish, v. Gloss, palliate, con- ceal, cover, embellish, disguise, lacquer, extenuate, excuse, mit- igate, glaze over. ANT. Simplify, divest; re- veal, bare, manifest. Vary. Alter, change, modify, al- ternate, diversify, variegate, [ 274 ] vas] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [vea differ, deviate, depart, be di- verse, swerve, disagree, trans- form, metamorphose. ANT. Stereotype, perpetu- ate: conform, assimilate, har- monize. Vast. Spacious, huge, immense, great, mighty, transcendent, measureless, boundless, colos- sal, enormous, stupendous, pro- digious, gigantic, monstrous, re- markable, extraordinary. ANT. Moderate, limited, con- fined, circumscribed, narrow, close, small. Vaticination. Prediction, div- ination, prophecy, prognostica- tion, augury. ANT. Fulfilment, ratifica- tion, realization, verification, accomplish m en t . Vault. Jump, spring, bound, leap; tumble, turn. ANT. Crawl, creep, grovel. Vaunt. Boast, brag, display, show off; advertise, flourish, parade. ANT. Conceal, disparage, de- cry, detract, repress, suppress. Veer. Shift, turn, change, trim, vacillate. ANT. Stand, stick, adhere, persist, remain. Vegetate. Sprout, grow, germi- nate; bask, idle, hibernate. ANT. Decay, fade, wither, pine; bustle, energize, work, stir. Vehemence. Impetuosity, vio- lence, fury, frenzy, ardor, fer- vor, fervency, warmth, zeal, en- thusiasm, passion, force, inten- sity. ANT. Passivity, inertia, qui- escence, coldness, stoicism, in- difference, unconcern, apathy, inattention. Vehement. Raging, hot, ar- dent, fervid, burning, passion- ate, eager, violent, impetuous, furious, urgent, mighty, for- cible, powerful, sanguine, en- thusiastic. ANT. Cool, impassive, indif- ferent, feeble, mild, controlled, subdued, cold, stoical, passion- less, weak, inanimate. Veil, v. Cover, invest, hide, con- ceal, screen, mask, shroud, en- velop. ANT. Expose, disclose, strip, denude, unveil, make manifest. Velocity. Celerity, fleetness, ra- pidity, speed, swiftness; impe- tus, momentum. ANT. Inertia, sluggishness, inertness; resistance; passiv- ity, languor, inactivity. Venal. Mercenary, hireling, sor- did, purchasable, salable, pros- titute. ANT. Honest, honorable, in- corruptible, public-spirited, pa- triotic, unpurchasable, gener- ous, disinterested. Vend. Barter, trade, sell, hawk, retail. ANT. Buy, purchase, bribe, subsidize. Venerable. Worthy, honorable, estimable; dread, awful; sage, wise, grave. ANT. Despicable, dishon- ored; informal, free, intimate, easy; foolish, silly. Venerate. Honor, respect, re- vere, reverence, adore, admire, worship. ANT. Dishonor, disregard, scorn, scoff at, slight, spurn, de- test, disdain, despise, contemn, abhor, execrate. Veneration. Reverence, adora- tion, respect, awe, worship, es- teem, dread. ANT. Irreverence, loathing, disrespect, contempt, disdain, dishonor, scorn. Vengeance. Punishment, retri- bution, revenge, retaliation. [ 275 ] ven] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ver ANT. Forgiveness, pardon, reprieve, indulgence, amnesty, remission, absolution. Venial. Excusable, justifiable, pardonable, slight, trivial. ANT. Inexcusable, heinous, unpardonable, flagrant, mortal, infamous, unjustifiable, inex- piable. Venom. Virus, bane, poison; Bpite, malice, malignity, hate, ill will, maliciousness, rancor, grudge, bitterness, acrimony. ANT. Medicine, remedy; be- nevolence, kindness, good will. Venomous. Poisonous, malig- nant, noxious, mischievous, vir- ulent, spiteful. ANT. Wholesome, remedial, salubrious ; kindly, compas- sionate, genial. Vent. Outlet, escape, emission, utterance, discharge, opening, hole, passage; market, sale. ANT. Close, stop-gap, end, termination, obstruction, stop- page. Venture, n. Chance, risk, haz- ard, speculation; accident, con- tingency; stake, adventure, ex- periment; luck, hap; danger, jeopardy. ANT. Certainty, surety, se- curity, inevitableness, assur- ance; safety, protection; law, method; caution, calculation. Venture, v. Dare, hazard, ad- venture, risk, jeopardize, im- peril, chance. ANT. Calculate, warrant, se- cure, guarantee, protect. Venturesome. Bold, daring, ad- venturous, hardy, courageous, intrepid, enterprising, doughty, fearless. ANT. Fearsome, timid, re- luctant, averse, loath, unwill- ing. Venturous. Bold, daring, fear- less, venturesome. ANT. Timid, fearful, diffi- dent, shy. Veracious. True, truthful, re- liable, trustworthy, straight- forward, honest, credible. ANT. False, deceitful, men- dacious, lying, dishonest, per- fidious. Veracity. Honesty, truthful- ness, reality, candor, truth, in- genuousness, frankness, verity, exactness, correctness, accuracy. ANT. Deception, duplicity, falsehood, fiction, guile, men- dacity, untruth, lie, delusion, fabrication, deceit, error, false- ness, falsity, imposture. Verbal. Spoken, oral, literal, parole, vocal, unwritten, unre- corded. ANT. Written, recorded, epis- tolary, documentary. Verbose. Wordy, prolix, diffuse, prosy, tedious. ANT. Laconic, terse, concise, succinct, curt. Verdict. Decision, judgment, opinion, pronouncement, find- ing, sentence. ANT. Indecision, indetermi- nation. Verge, n. Border, limit, bound- ary, edge, margin, brink; cir- cumference, circle, ring; rim, brim, confine, skirt. ANT. Center, midst, heart, depth. Verge, v. Tend, incline, slope, lean, trend, bear, border, ap- proach, approximate. ANT. Deviate, recede, revert, return, depart, retrocede. Verify. Prove, correct, estab- lish, confirm, authenticate, af- firm ; corroborate, attest, sub- stantiate; fulfil, demonstrate, warrant. ANT. Falsify, misrepresent, subvert, misstate, fail, dises- tablish, mistake. [ 276 ] ver} SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [vie Verisimilitude. Likelihood, probability, consistency. ANT. Improbability, incon- sistency, unlikelihood. Veritable. Actual, real, genuine, true; positive, absolute; orig- inal, authentic. ANT. False, fictitious, sham, spurious, untrue, feigned, sup- posititious. Verity. Fact, truth, reality, ac- tuality, existence, truthfulness. ANT. Falsity, unreality, de- lusion, fancy, dream, conjec- ture, hypothesis. Vernal. Spring, balmy, genial, youthful. ANT. Wintry, aged, autum- nal, decadent, brumal, harsh, cutting. Versatile. Changeable, incon- sistent, variable, many-sided, capricious, erratic, fickle, un- stable; mobile, plastic, ready. ANT. Fixed, uniform, one- sided, immobile, immutable, un- varied. Versed. Experienced, studied, practiced, skilled, acquainted, conversant, proficient, familiar, clever, indoctrinated. ANT. Unskilled, ignorant, unpracticed, untaught, uniniti- ated. Version. Account, description, translation, rendering, inter- pretation, reading; statement. ANT. Text, problem, diffi- culty; misinterpretation. Vertical. Perpendicular, plumb, upright. ANT. Inclined, slanting, slop- ing. Vestige. Trace, mark, footstep, track, sign, remains, trail, to- ken, remnant, record. ANT. Misindieation; oblit- eration, effacement. Veteran. Old soldier; expert, adept, proficient; habituS. ANT. Novice, recruit, tyro. Veto. Prohibit, forbid, negative, withhold assent to. ANT. Pass, approve, assent to, promulgate, endorse. Vex. Agitate, disquiet, harass, afflict, tease, weary, jade; tor- ment, worry, hector, distress, annoy, trouble, perplex, bother, persecute, fret, irritate, offend, provoke, affront, disturb, tan- talize. ANT. Please, soothe, quiet, allay, appease. Vexation. Chagrin, agitation, mortification, uneasiness, grief, trouble, sorrow, distress, irri- tation, displeasure, affliction, plague, torment. ANT. Pleasure, enjoyment, gratification, satisfaction. Vibrate. Swing, oscillate, fluc- tuate, quiver, waver, undulate, quake. ANT. Rest, be still. Vice. Crime, sin, fault, iniquity; defect, error, blemish, imper- fection, immorality, depravity, wickedness ; evil, corruption. ANT. Virtue, goodness, per- fection, righteousness, nobility, honor. Vicinity. Neighborhood, vici- nage, nearness, proximity, pro- pinquity. ANT. Distance, remoteness, separation, removal. Vicious. Faulty, wicked, cor- rupt, depraved ; foul, noxious, defective, unruly, refractory, spiteful, malignant, mischiev- ous, immoral. ANT. Virtuous, pure, good, upright, noble, moral, perfect. Vicissitude. Change, alterna- tion, mutation, interchange, va- riation, revolution. ANT. Fixity, changeless ness, stability, perpetuity, immut A 000116979 6